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Subject IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

Author IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

Multislice SPECT/CT in Benign and Malignant Bone Disease: When the Ordinary Turns Into the ExtraordinaryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nuclear medicine has entered a new era of multimodality imaging. Dedicated multislice single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) cameras are relatively new additions to the diagnostic armamentarium in nuclear medicine. The integration of SPECT and CT provides precise anatomical localization and may enable characterization of abnormalities identified on planar or SPECT imaging by providing structural information by CT. The evidence in support of SPECT/CT is rapidly amounting but still relatively limited. To date, studies have suggested improved diagnostic confidence and specificity in the diag...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Tara Barwick, Kathryn Adamson, Hosahalli Mohan, David Sharp, Ignac Fogelman Source Type: journals

Miscellaneous Cancers (Lung, Thyroid, Renal Cancer, Myeloma, and Neuroendocrine Tumors): Role of SPECT and PET in Imaging Bone MetastasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this review, we assess the current role of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in the imaging of skeletal metastatic disease from a miscellaneous group of malignancies, including lung, thyroid, and renal carcinomas; multiple myeloma; and neuroendocrine tumors, and consider how recent advances may enhance their effectiveness in this area. Bone scintigraphy using technetium-labeled diphosphonates has long been the mainstay of functional imaging of bony metastases, but is of limited value in myeloma and aggressive osteolytic metastases, and has the limitation of relativ...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Sue Chua, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Gary J.R. Cook Source Type: journals

Breast Cancer: Role of SPECT and PET in Imaging Bone MetastasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Breast cancer is the most common cause of bone metastases in women. Imaging studies are useful to identify bone involvement and associated complications, for follow-up of disease spread and for the assessment of response to therapy. Bone scintigraphy with 99mtechnetium-labeled diphosphonates is most widely used, due to its availability, high sensitivity, and low cost, despite the relatively low specificity. The addition of single-photon emission computed tomography and recently single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography improves the diagnostic accuracy of this modality. Serial follow-up scans can demons...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Simona Ben-Haim, Ora Israel Source Type: journals

Prostate Cancer: Role of SPECT and PET in Imaging Bone MetastasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In prostate cancer, bone is the second most common site of metastatic disease after lymph nodes. This is related to a poor prognosis and is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in such patients. Early detection of metastatic bone disease and the definition of its extent, pattern, and aggressiveness are crucial for proper staging and restaging; it is particularly important in high-risk primary disease before initiating radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Different patterns of bone metastases, such as early marrow-based involvement, osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed changes can be seen. These types of...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Mohsen Beheshti, Werner Langsteger, Ignac Fogelman Source Type: journals

Patterns, Variants, Artifacts, and Pitfalls in Conventional Radionuclide Bone Imaging and SPECT/CTEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bone scintigraphy is one of the most common investigations performed in nuclear medicine and is used routinely in the evaluation of patients with cancer for suspected bone metastases and in various benign musculoskeletal conditions. Innovations in equipment design and other advances, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT), and SPECT/CT have been incorporated into the investigation of various musculoskeletal diseases. Bone scans frequently show high sensitivity but specificity, which is variable or limited. Some of the l...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Gary Cook, Kathryn Adamson, Ignac Fogelman Source Type: journals

Quantitative Studies of Bone Using 99mTc-Methylene Diphosphonate Skeletal Plasma ClearanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews methods of quantifying 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) kinetics based on a standard bone scan examination by measuring the plasma clearance of tracer to the whole skeleton and/or selected ROIs drawn on the bone scan image. Although the measurement of bone plasma clearance requires blood sampling to find the input curve for free (eg, nonprotein bound) 99mTc-MDP, we argue that plasma clearance studies give a more physiological approach in a better accord with the underlying changes in bone turnover than conventional measurements of whole-body retention or bone uptake. We describe 3 methods of m...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Glen M. Blake, Amelia E.B. Moore, Ignac Fogelman Source Type: journals

Advantages and Limitations of Imaging the Musculoskeletal System by Conventional Radiological, Radionuclide, and Hybrid ModalitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The endpoint of an efficient and accurate diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathology can take many different routes. Currently, conventional radiological techniques, such as plain radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used in the assessment of patients with benign and malignant bone disease. An understanding of the advantages and limitations of the modalities available will help expedite diagnosis, and hence treatment. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the modalities available in investigating benign and malignant musculoskeletal pathology. (Source: Sem...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Sanjay Vijayanathan, Sajid Butt, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Ashley M. Groves Source Type: journals

Guest EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have had the privilege of previously editing single volumes of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, but to edit a double volume seems a rare treat indeed. This provides us with the opportunity to address, in considerable depth, many of the topics that we are passionate about and that we hope will provide a source of reference, which will stand the test of time. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Ignac Fogelman Source Type: journals

Letter from the EditorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The radionuclide bone scan has been one of the cornerstones of nuclear medicine practice during the past 4 decades. It became clear in the 1960s that strontium-85, with its long physical half-life of 64 days and its very limited administered dose allowance of 100-200 μCu, was superior to plain radiographs for the detection of metastatic bone disease. Because of the high dosimetry, regulatory bodies restricted the use of strontium-85 to suspected malignant disease in adults and proven malignant disease in children. Although promising reports on its non-neoplastic applications were available from outside the United States, ...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 5, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Leonard M. Freeman, M. Donald Blaufox Source Type: journals

Letter to the EditorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
I write to provide clarification with respect to the article by Gemmel et al in the January 2009 issue of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. In their article entitled “Future Diagnostic Agents,” Table 4 suggests several potential problems with using radiolabeled FIAU for imaging bacterial infection. They state that it is for late imaging, that the synthesis and purification are elaborate and, most importantly, that there is a risk of liver failure with this agent. We have only used this agent for late imaging in the one clinical trial we performed, but suspect it will perform even better in acute, untreated infections. The ...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Martin G. Pomper Source Type: journals

Multimodality Imaging: Beyond PET/CT and SPECT/CTEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Multimodality imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT has become commonplace in clinical practice and in preclinical and basic biomedical research. Do other combinations of imaging modalities have a similar potential to impact medical science and clinical medicine? Presently, the combination of PET or SPECT with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an area of active research, while other, perhaps less obvious combinations, including CT/MRI and PET/optical also are being studied. In addition to the integration of the instrumentation, the...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Simon R. Cherry Source Type: journals

Hybrid SPECT/CT and PET/CT Imaging: The Next Step in Noninvasive Cardiac ImagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The past few years have witnessed impressive advances in the field of noninvasive cardiac imaging. For example, computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography has been adopted into daily clinical routine and, at least in some patient populations, is challenging the role of invasive angiography as the anatomic standard of reference. This is because the latter is associated with a nonnegligible periprocedural morbidity and mortality, which suggests confining its use to patients who will benefit from a revascularization procedure. Many factors that are beyond the quantification of anatomic narrowing and therefore cannot be ful...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Philipp A. Kaufmann, Marcelo F. Di Carli Source Type: journals

Hybrid Imaging (SPECT/CT and PET/CT): Improving Therapeutic DecisionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The incremental diagnostic value of integrated positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT images compared with PET or SPECT alone, or PET or SPECT correlated with a CT obtained at a different time includes the following: (1) improvement in lesion detection on both CT and PET or SPECT images, (2) improvement in the localization of foci of uptake resulting in better differentiation of physiological from pathologic uptake, (3) precise localization of the malignant foci, for example, in the skeleton vs soft tissue or liver vs adjacent bowel or node (4) c...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Dominique Delbeke, Heiko Schöder, William H. Martin, Richard L. Wahl Source Type: journals

SPECT/CT Imaging in General Orthopedic PracticeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The availability of hybrid devices that combine the latest single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging technology with multislice computed tomography (CT) scanning has allowed us to detect subtle, nonspecific abnormalities on bone scans and interpret them as specific focal areas of pathology. Abnormalities in the spine can be separated into those caused by pars fractures, facet joint arthritis, or osteophyte formation on vertebral bodies. Compression fractures can be distinguished from severe degenerative disease, both of which can cause intense activity across the spine on either planar or SPECT imaging. Lo...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Stephen Scharf Source Type: journals

Letter from the EditorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This second part of the Hybrid Imaging Anniversary Issue rounds out our review of the contribution of computed tomography (CT) to single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In addition, it directs us toward the future and the potential role of PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as another example of the benefits and complimentary roles of metabolic and imaging devices. MRI provides an even more complex potential because it is a molecular imaging method which, as part of a hybrid device, would allow us to look at two different aspects of metabolism and an aspect of a...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Leonard M. Freeman, M. Donald Blaufox Source Type: journals

Hybrid Imaging by SPECT/CT and PET/CT: Proven Outcomes in Cancer ImagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The last decade has seen the development of hybrid imaging technologies combining positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with x-ray computed tomography (CT). Numerous studies demonstrate the superiority of PET/CT and SPECT/CT over stand-alone PET and SPECT in terms of diagnostic accuracy. For PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), this has been demonstrated for bronchial carcinomas, high-grade lymphomas, melanomas, and head and neck tumors, to name a few. Combined imaging of structure and biochemistry is expected to be even more important for tracers such as 124I that are m...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - June 17, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Andreas Bockisch, Lutz S. Freudenberg, Daniela Schmidt, Torsten Kuwert Source Type: journals

Hybrid Imaging (SPECT/CT and PET/CT)—Improving the Diagnostic Accuracy of Functional/Metabolic and Anatomic ImagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In-line combined systems, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, allow an instant generation of fused images of scintigraphy and CT data. The accumulated clinical data on the use of these systems in various clinical scenarios indicate that this hybrid technology improves the diagnostic accuracy as compared to scintigraphy and CT alone and even to side-by-side interpretation of scintigraphy and CT, which were acquired separately. The improved diagnostic accuracy is reflected by improving image quality of SPECT and PET, detection of more clinical...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - June 17, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Einat Even-Sapir, Zohar Keidar, Rachel Bar-Shalom Source Type: journals

Hybrid Imaging Technology: From Dreams and Vision to Clinical DevicesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Early in the history of nuclear medicine imaging it was realized that the nature of physiological mechanisms associated with the use of radiotracers prevented the identification of anatomic structures with a high degree of accuracy. This limitation often created difficulties in accurate interpretations of acquired images and caused investigators to seek methods of obtaining accurate anatomic correlations. Initial work centered on the use of software tools to combine anatomic and physiological data. Limitations in the use of these techniques, coupled with the development and refinements of anatomic imaging technologies (com...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - June 17, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: James A. Patton, David W. Townsend, Brian F. Hutton Source Type: journals

Genomic Biomarkers for Molecular Imaging: Predicting the FutureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article briefly describes this approach and gives specific examples that depict the ability of molecular imaging to detect occult lesions not detectable by current scintigraphic approaches. The article also outlines a few examples predicting other possible applications of targeting such specific probes not yet used. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - June 17, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Mathew L. Thakur Source Type: journals

Guest EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
One of the challenges of healthcare in the 21st century is to diagnose and treat diseases in their infancy. Imaging plays an important role in achieving this goal. In nuclear medicine we have the privilege of being able to detect disease-related dysfunction that can occur before anatomic changes can be appreciated. With the emergence of molecular imaging, we are now developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic agents that are able to visualize functional changes at (sub)cellular levels. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - June 17, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Ora Israel, Martin Sandler Source Type: journals

Letter from the EditorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This issue, and the following issue of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine in September, are devoted to hybrid imaging. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the introduction of hybrid imaging into clinical practice. Drs. Martin Sandler and Ora Israel have been pioneers in this exciting technological development. The editors are delighted that they have agreed to work together to produce a special anniversary issue of Seminars. Drs. Sandler and Israel have assembled an outstanding team of investigators and clinicians to formulate this seminar. The articles contained in this issue and the subsequent publication in September cove...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - June 17, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Leonard M. Freeman, M. Donald Blaufox Source Type: journals