Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2628: Fusion of Land-Based and Satellite-Based Localization Using Constrained Weighted Least Squares
Ding Wang
Combining multiple devices for localization has important applications in the military field. This paper exploits the land-based short-wave platforms and satellites for fusion localization. The ionospheric reflection height error and satellite position errors have a great impact on the short-wave localization and satellite localization accuracy, respectively. In this paper, an iterative constrained weighted least squares (ICWLS) algorithm is proposed for these two kinds of errors. The algorithm converts the nonconvex equation constraints to linear constraints using the results of the previous iteration, thus ...
Source: Sensors - April 20, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Paihang Zhao Linqiang Jiang Tao Tang Zhidong Wu Ding Wang Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2627: Innovative Solutions for Worn Fingerprints: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Fingerprint Impression and 3D Printing
This study explores two distinct methods for fingerprint backup: traditional fingerprint impression and 3D printing technologies. Unlocking tests were conducted on commonly available optical fingerprint lock-equipped cell phones to assess the efficacy of these methods, particularly in unlocking with worn fingerprints. The research findings indicated that the traditional fingerprint impression method exhibited high fidelity in reproducing fingerprint patterns, achieving an impressive unlocking success rate of 97.8% for imprinting unworn fingerprints. However, when dealing with worn fingerprints, the traditional fingerprint ...
Source: Sensors - April 20, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wenhui Mao Yadong Zhao Petro Pavlenko Yihan Chen Xuezhi Shi Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2629: Identification of the Biomechanical Response of the Muscles That Contract the Most during Disfluencies in Stuttered Speech
. Elias
Stuttering, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is a complex speech disorder significantly impacting individuals’ quality of life. Prior studies using electromyography (EMG) to examine orofacial muscle activity in stuttering have presented mixed results, highlighting the variability in neuromuscular responses during stuttering episodes. Fifty-five participants with stuttering and 30 individuals without stuttering, aged between 18 and 40, participated in the study. EMG signals from five facial and cervical muscles were recorded during speech tasks and analyzed for mean amplitude an...
Source: Sensors - April 20, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Edu Marin Nicole Unsihuay Victoria E. Abarca Dante A. Elias Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2630: Maximizing the Reliability and Precision of Measures of Prefrontal Cortical Oxygenation Using Frequency-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
than D. Smirl
Frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) has been used for non-invasive assessment of cortical oxygenation since the late 1990s. However, there is limited research demonstrating clinical validity and general reproducibility. To address this limitation, recording duration for adequate validity and within- and between-day reproducibility of prefrontal cortical oxygenation was evaluated. To assess validity, a reverse analysis of 10-min-long measurements (n = 52) at different recording durations (1–10-min) was quantified via coefficients of variation and Bland–Altman p...
Source: Sensors - April 20, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Elizabeth K. S. Fletcher Joel S. Burma Raelyn M. Javra Kenzie B. Friesen Carolyn A. Emery Jeff F. Dunn Jonathan D. Smirl Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2631: SSFLNet: A Novel Fault Diagnosis Method for Double Shield TBM Tool System
Enguang He
In tunnel boring projects, wear and tear in the tooling system can have significant consequences, such as decreased boring efficiency, heightened maintenance costs, and potential safety hazards. In this paper, a fault diagnosis method for TBM tooling systems based on SAV−SVDD failure location (SSFL) is proposed. The aim of this method is to detect faults caused by disk cutter wear during the boring process, which diminishes the boring efficiency and is challenging to detect during construction. This paper uses SolidWorks to create a complete three−dimensional model of the TBM hyd...
Source: Sensors - April 20, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Peng Zhou Chang Liu Jiacan Xu Dazhong Ma Zinan Wang Enguang He Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2626: RobEns: Robust Ensemble Adversarial Machine Learning Framework for Securing IoT Traffic
smail
Recently, Machine Learning (ML)-based solutions have been widely adopted to tackle the wide range of security challenges that have affected the progress of the Internet of Things (IoT) in various domains. Despite the reported promising results, the ML-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) proved to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, which pose an increasing threat. In fact, attackers employ Adversarial Machine Learning (AML) to cause severe performance degradation and thereby evade detection systems. This promoted the need for reliable defense strategies to handle performance and ensure secure networks. This...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Sarah Alkadi Saad Al-Ahmadi Mohamed Maher Ben Ismail Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2617: Investigation of the Efficacy of a Listeria monocytogenes Biosensor Using Chicken Broth Samples
P. Ramasamy
Foodborne pathogens are microbes present in food that cause serious illness when the contaminated food is consumed. Among these pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most serious bacterial pathogens, and causes severe illness. The techniques currently used for L. monocytogenes detection are based on common molecular biology tools that are not easy to implement for field use in food production and distribution facilities. This work focuses on the efficacy of an electrochemical biosensor in detecting L. monocytogenes in chicken broth. The sensor is based on a nanostructured electrode modified with a...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Or Zolti Baviththira Suganthan Sanket Naresh Nagdeve Ryan Maynard Jason Locklin Ramaraja P. Ramasamy Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2625: Association of Visual-Based Signals with Electroencephalography Patterns in Enhancing the Drowsiness Detection in Drivers with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Yuksel Peker
Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) face increased accident risks due to excessive daytime sleepiness. PERCLOS, a recognized drowsiness detection method, encounters challenges from image quality, eyewear interference, and lighting variations, impacting its performance, and requiring validation through physiological signals. We propose visual-based scoring using adaptive thresholding for eye aspect ratio with OpenCV for face detection and Dlib for eye detection from video recordings. This technique identified 453 drowsiness (PERCLOS ≥ 0.3 || CLOSDUR ≥ 2 s) and 474 wakeful...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Riaz Minhas Nur Yasin Peker Mustafa Abdullah Hakkoz Semih Arbatli Yeliz Celik Cigdem Eroglu Erdem Beren Semiz Yuksel Peker Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2605: Composite ADRC Speed Control Method Based on LTDRO Feedforward Compensation
hang Li
The performance of the extended state observer (ESO) in an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is limited by the operational load in stepper motor control, which has high real-time requirements and may cause delays. Additionally, the complexity of parameter tuning, especially in high-order systems, further limits the ESO’s performance. This paper proposes a composite ADRC (LTDRO-ADRC) based on a load torque dimensionality reduction observer (LTDRO). Firstly, the LTDRO is designed to estimate abrupt load disturbances that are difficult to compensate for using the ESO. Secondly, the transfer...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Rencheng Jin Junwei Wang Yangyi Ou Jianzhang Li Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2606: On the Initialization of Swarm Intelligence Algorithms for Vector Quantization Codebook Design
o Madeiro
Vector Quantization (VQ) is a technique with a wide range of applications. For example, it can be used for image compression. The codebook design for VQ has great significance in the quality of the quantized signals and can benefit from the use of swarm intelligence. Initialization of the Linde–Buzo–Gray (LBG) algorithm, which is the most popular VQ codebook design algorithm, is a step that directly influences VQ performance, as the convergence speed and codebook quality depend on the initial codebook. A widely used initialization alternative is random initialization, in which the ...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Verusca Severo Felipe B. S. Ferreira Rodrigo Spencer Arthur Nascimento Francisco Madeiro Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2607: AI- and IoT-Enabled Solutions for Healthcare
Sanei
Patient care and management have entered a new arena, where intelligent technology can assist clinicians in both diagnosis and treatment [...] (Source: Sensors)
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Samaneh Kouchaki Xiaorong Ding Saeid Sanei Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2608: Wideband Current Transducer Traceable Calibration up to 10 A and 1 MHz
iade
Energy efficiency is an important issue in industry, especially with the ever-increasing consumption of electrical energy. The power quality and the traceability of metering devices are essential when integrating energy metering systems for energy efficiency. This management requires an understanding of electrical current events such as pulse and transient currents. Current transducers are widely used to measure these electrical current events up to a few megahertz. Their use makes it possible to measure not only the main current flowing through the transducer, but also the bypass current that affects electrical e...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mohamed Ouameur Daniela Istrate Fran çois Ziade Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2609: 108 m Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using a 490 nm Blue VECSEL and an AOM
Song
Peng Zhang
Advanced light sources in the blue-green band are crucial for underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems. Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) can produce high output power and good beam quality, making them suitable for UWOC. This paper presents a 108 m distance UWOC based on a 100 mW 490 nm blue VECSEL and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The high-quality beam, which is near diffraction-limited, undergoes relatively small optical attenuation when using a conventional avalanche photodiode (APD) as the detector and employing 64-pulse position modulation (PPM). At t...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ruiyang Tian Tao Wang Xiaoyu Shen Renjiang Zhu Lidan Jiang Yongle Lu Huanyu Lu Yanrong Song Peng Zhang Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2610: Effect of Three-Dimensional-Printed Thermoplastics Used in Sensor Housings on Common Atmospheric Trace Gasses
This study investigates how five different FDM-printed thermoplastics (ABS, PETG, PLA, PC, and PVDF) affect the concentration of five common atmospheric trace gasses (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and VOCs). The laboratory results show that the thermoplastics, except for PVDF, exhibit VOC off-gassing. The results also indicate no to limited interaction between all of the thermoplastics and CO and CO2 and a small interaction between all of the thermoplastics and NO and NO2. (Source: Sensors)
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tristalee Mangin Evan K. Blanchard Kerry E. Kelly Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2612: Call to Action: Investigating Interaction Delay in Smartphone Notifications
Beierle
Notifications are an essential part of the user experience on smart mobile devices. While some apps have to notify users immediately after an event occurs, others can schedule notifications strategically to notify them only on opportune moments. This tailoring allows apps to shorten the users’ interaction delay. In this paper, we present the results of a comprehensive study that identified the factors that influence users’ interaction delay to their smartphone notifications. We analyzed almost 10 million notifications collected in-the-wild from 922 users and computed their response ...
Source: Sensors - April 19, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Michael Stach Lena Mulansky Manfred Reichert R üdiger Pryss Felix Beierle Tags: Article Source Type: research
