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Mechanics of wrinkle formation: micromechanical analysis of skin deformation during wrinkle formation in ultraviolet-irradiated miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mechanical aspects of wrinkle formation were studied in the dorsal skin of hairless mice. Wrinkles were induced by irradiating with ultraviolet (UV) B for 10 weeks, while observing skin deformation during wrinkle formation. Changes in skin dimensions were also observed during the specimen excision process. Wrinkle depth and interval were measured before and after removal of the cutaneous muscle layer. Local deformation of wrinkled skin during uniaxial stretch was also measured. Changes in curvature of skin specimens upon muscle layer removal were then observed to determine the force balance in skin layers. The skin sho...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - October 29, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Takeo Matsumoto, Naoko Ikuta, Mako Mori, Kazuaki Nagayama Source Type: journals

Lower extremity ulcer image segmentation of visual and near-infrared imageryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We propose an automatic ulcer segmentation system with a simple manual correction possibility. In addition to visual color information, we use near-infrared (NIR) images because NIR can penetrate deeper into tissue than visual light. The system is able to measure the surface area of a lower extremity ulcer segmented at its different stages and constructs corresponding healing curves over time. This knowledge is useful in monitoring lower extremity ulcers and helps clinicians select the most efficient therapy. Eighteen lower extremity ulcers and one ulcer on the back were examined from 17 patients. The patients were elderly...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - October 28, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Vladimir Bochko, Petri Välisuo, Toni Harju, Jarmo Alander Source Type: journals

The effect of age on skin color and color heterogeneity in four ethnic groupsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Few comparative data are available on age-related changes in skin color among different ethnic groups. The aim of the study was to measure and analyze the skin color and color heterogeneity in four different ethnic groups living in the same local environment and to determine the effects of age on these skin color characteristics. Female volunteers (385) from four ethnic populations (African-American, Caucasian, Chinese and Mexicans) living in the same city were enrolled after informed consent. Skin color was measured on two facial areas, forehead and cheek. The subjects were further divided into six age ranges: 19[ndash]30...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - October 28, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jean de Rigal, Isabelle Des Mazis, Stephane Diridollou, Bernard Querleux, Grace Yang, Frederce Leroy, Vietoria Holloway Barbosa Source Type: journals

Pre-diagnostic digital imaging prediction model to discriminate between malignant melanoma and benign pigmented skin lesionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Malignant cutaneous melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer with an increasing incidence over the past decades. The final diagnosis provided is typically based on a biopsy of the skin lesion under consideration. To assist the naked-eye examination and decision on whether or not a biopsy is necessary, digital image processing techniques provide promising results. The hypothesis of this study was that a computer-aided assessment tool could assist the evaluation of a pigmented skin lesion. Hence, the overall aim was to discriminate between malignant and benign pigmented skin lesions using digital image processing. Dis...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - October 28, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jeppe H. Christensen, Mads B. T. Soerensen, Zhong Linghui, Sun Chen, Morten O. Jensen Source Type: journals

Depth-resolved measurement of the dermal matrix composition by multiphoton laser tomographyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the last years, multiphoton laser tomography (MLT) has emerged as a promising tool for non-invasive diagnostics in dermatology and other medical specialties. The present work is dedicated to the question to what degree the measurement depth and the thickness of the epidermis influence the evaluation of dermal matrix composition and if recommendations for future measurement procedures can be given. In a study group of 30 healthy volunteers aged 21[ndash]82 years multiphoton depth-resolved measurements of autofluorescence and second harmonics have been performed in order to evaluate the dermal matrix composition. Characte...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - October 15, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Martin Kaatz, Anne Sturm, Peter Elsner, Karsten König, Rainer Bückle, Martin Johannes Koehler Source Type: journals

Mathematical analysis of intercellular calcium propagation induced by adenosine triphosphateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a mathematical analysis of the calcium wave to evaluate the mechanism of calcium ion propagation. A well-defined calcium wave was observed in differentiated cells in comparison with undifferentiated cells. Application of either 2APB [an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor blocker] or U73122 (an IP3 synthesis blocker) reduced the amplitude of the wave in differentiated cells. Mathematical analysis indicated that U73122 decreased the velocity of the wave, while 2APB altered the wave form. Thus, IP3 synthesis might be important for signal transmission and IP3 movement might be important for pattern formatio...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - October 14, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Moe Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki Kitahata, Satoshi Nakata, Yumi Sanno, Masaharu Nagayama, Mitsuhiro Denda Source Type: journals

In vivo measurement of the water content in the dermis by confocal Raman spectroscopyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates that the dermal water content can be measured in vivo using confocal Raman spectroscopy. (Source: Skin Research and Technology)
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Noriaki Nakagawa, Masayuki Matsumoto, Shingo Sakai Source Type: journals

Review of methods used for quantifying excess water in over-hydrated skin using evaporimetryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Advances in diapers and skin barrier products are often aimed at reducing water penetration of the skin to prevent diaper dermatitis and evaporimetry has commonly been measured to quantify excess water in the skin. The aim of this study was to critically review the methods used to measure water vapour flux density (WVFD) using evaporimetry in order to identify a standardised methodology. We used MEDLINE (1980[ndash]2008) and hand searching to identify published papers that used evaporimetry to measure WVFD when the skin has been exposed to water/saline/urine. We compared the papers with respect to subjects, sites, methods ...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Mandy Fader, Sinead Clarke-O'Neill, W. K. Rebecca Wong, Bo Runeman, Anne Farbrot, Alan Cottenden Source Type: journals

An image-processing analysis of skin texturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper discusses an image-processing method applied to skin texture analysis. Considering that the characterisation of human skin texture is a task approached only recently by image processing, our goal is to lay out the benefits of this technique for quantitative evaluations of skin features and localisation of defects. We propose a method based on a statistical approach to image pattern recognition. The results of our statistical calculations on the grey-tone distributions of the images are proposed in specific diagrams, the coherence length diagrams. Using the coherence length diagrams, we were able to determine gra...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: A. Sparavigna, R. Marazzato Source Type: journals

Comparative study of skin sebum and elasticity level in patients with sulfur mustard-induced dermatitis and healthy controlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to evaluate skin sebum and elasticity in veterans with a history of SM contact. Three hundred and ten subjects were enrolled in this study and were divided into four groups: SM-exposed patients with current skin lesions (n=87); SM-exposed patients without skin lesions (n=71); patients with dermatitis (n=78); and normal controls (n=74). The skin sebum and elasticity were measured in four areas (forehead, suprasternal, palm and back of the hands) using a Sebumeter and a Reviscometer. Skin sebum was higher in participants who presented with dermatitis and had history of contact with SM than others; the...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Seyyed Masoud Davoudi, Bardia Sadr, Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh, Saeed Keshavarz, Majid Shohrati, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh, Shahab Babakoohi, Mehdi Rashighi-Firouzabadi, Alireza Firooz Source Type: journals

A new approach for an estimation of the equilibrium stratum corneum water contentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Water content is the most vital parameter governing the overall function of the epidermal stratum corneum (SC). Thus, knowledge of the in vivo absolute water content of the SC is of great interest. We have investigated a non-invasive method for the estimation of in vivo SC water content based on transepidermal water loss measurements combined with desorption studies of SC in vitro, by means of a dynamic vapour sorption setup where relative humidity (RH) and temperature are controlled. The SC equilibrium water content of the volar forearm in our study was estimated to be 80±7 [mu]g/cm2. The estimate of the water content se...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 17, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Gorm Krogh Johnsen, Anne Berit Haugsnes, Ørjan G. Martinsen, Sverre Grimnes Source Type: journals

Photoaging of the chest analyzed by capacitance imagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Capacitance imaging is a new technique using sensors based on silicon technology developed to record fingerprints for security reasons. Applying such a sensor onto the skin surface gives the capacitance (hydration) map of the skin surface with a two-dimensional resolution of 50 [mu]m. This method was used to characterize skin of the chests of 64 women with various grades of skin photoaging. The severity of photoaging of the chest skin of 64 women was clinically assessed according to a six-grade scale. Capacitance images of the skin were recorded and analyzed in terms of mean capacitance, homogeneity of gray levels and dens...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 16, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Roland Bazin, Sabine Laquièze, Aline Rosillo, Jean Luc Lévêque Source Type: journals

Correlation of transepidermal water loss with skin barrier properties in vitro: comparison of three evaporimetersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the relationship between transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin permeability to tritiated water as a rapid assessment of the integrity of the barrier properties of skin as part of in vitro skin permeation studies. TEWL values before and during the experimental period were measured using three evaporimeters (A, B, and C) representing different measuring principles and technologies. Single application of tritiated water was dosed on dermatomed human skin samples in a flow-through diffusion cell system. Radioactivity of the absorbed dose and the removable dose residues was counted to determine perce...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 16, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Rania Elkeeb, Xiaoying Hui, Heidi Chan, Lilian Tian, Howard I. Maibach Source Type: journals

Does skin temperature difference as measured by infrared thermography within 6 months of acute herpes zoster infection correlate with pain level?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the usefulness of infrared thermography as a predictor of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Infrared thermography was performed on the affected body regions of 110 patients who had been diagnosed with acute HZ. Demographic data collected included age, gender, time of skin lesions onset, development of PHN, and comorbidities. The temperature differences between the unaffected and affected dermatome were calculated. Differences >0.6 °C for the mean temperature across the face and trunk were considered abnormal. The affected side was warmer in 35 patients and cooler in 33 patients than the contralateral side...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 16, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Sun Sook Han, Cheol Hee Jung, Sang Chul Lee, Hae Jung Jung, Yang Hyun Kim Source Type: journals

Analysis of human face skin surface molecules in situ by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For medical and dermatological researchers, it is important to realize the molecular dynamics and its control in the stratum corneum (SC) of human skin, which may be related to some skin abnormalities such as atopic dermatitis and skin pruritus. We have tried to analyze the periodic molecular dynamics of the outermost layers of SC in vivo. We measured the skin surface molecules of human face in situ non-invasively using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy system attached with a newly designed attenuated total reflection (ATR) probe. The water-extracted components from the SC were also analyzed using mass spect...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 16, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Shu Sakuyama, Chiaki Hirabayashi, Jun-Ichi Hasegawa, Satoshi Yoshida Source Type: journals

In vivo stratum corneum distribution of lidocaine, assessed by tape stripping, from a new bioadhesive filmEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this work was to study the in vivo performance of an innovative drug-delivery system, denominated Patch-non-Patch®, using the tape-stripping technique. The stratum corneum distribution of lidocaine, chosen as the model drug, was studied on human volunteers, using the tape-stripping technique. The amount of lidocaine recovered in tape strips was quantified using high-pressure liquid chromatography. When lidocaine was included in the film, the model drug was found in the stratum corneum already after 5 min of contact time. The increase in the application time increased lidocaine recovery in the stratum corneum, a...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 14, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Cristina Padula, Andrea Fulgoni, Patrizia Santi Source Type: journals

Stratum corneum cytokines, structural proteins, and transepidermal water loss: effect of hand hygieneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There are few reports on the cytokine response to high frequency hand hygiene among health care workers (HCWs) in an occupational setting. We have observed significant skin barrier compromise consistent with chronic irritant contact dermatitis in HCWs. We hypothesized that repetitive hand hygiene would activate the epidermal inflammatory cascade and lead to changes in structural proteins and cytokines. Keratin 6, keratin 1, 10, 11, involucrin, IL1[alpha], TNF[alpha], IL8, IL1RA, and IL10 were analyzed from the SC using bead-based arrays. Knuckle and dorsum samples were evaluated for HCWs (n=23) before and after repetitive ...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 14, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Marty O. Visscher, Dina Said, Randy Wickett Source Type: journals

Characterization of acute and long-term sulfur mustard-induced skin injuries in hairless guinea-pigs using non-invasive methodsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Skin exposure to sulfur mustard (HD) results in erythema, edema and severe injury, which take long time to heal and might impose a heavy burden on the health system. Despite many years of research, there is no treatment that prevents the development of the cytotoxic effects of HD causing acute and prolonged damage to the skin. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop treatments that will ameliorate the extent of injury and improve as well as shorten the healing process. The aim of the present study was to establish a small animal model for a long-term HD-induced skin injury using the hairless guinea-pig (HGP) and to...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 14, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Shlomit Dachir, Maayan Cohen, Eliezer Fishbeine, Rita Sahar, Rachel Brandies, Vered Horwitz, Tamar Kadar Source Type: journals

Detection of melanoma from dermoscopic images of naevi acquired under uncontrolled conditionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several systems for the diagnosis of melanoma from images of naevi obtained under controlled conditions have demonstrated comparable efficiency with dermatologists. However, their robustness to analyze daily routine images was sometimes questionable. The purpose of this work is to investigate to what extent the automatic melanoma diagnosis may be achieved from the analysis of uncontrolled images of pigmented skin lesions. Images were acquired during regular practice by two dermatologists using Reflex® 24 × 36 cameras combined with Heine Delta 10 dermascopes. The images were then digitalized using a scanner. In addition, ...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 10, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Arthur Tenenhaus, Alex Nkengne, Jean-François Horn, Camille Serruys, Alain Giron, Bernard Fertil Source Type: journals

Is it possible to characterize objectively sensitive skin?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sensitive skin is a subject of intense research work. However, its contours have not been defined and properly investigated so far. The aim of this work was to characterize objectively the consumers of cosmetic products, which referred skin susceptibility to several agents or conditions. Twenty-four healthy female volunteers, mean age 38.9±13 years were recruited. The volunteers were fully informed about the study having previously expressed their consent, and were grouped in to I: individuals without any skin sensitivity complaint and II: individuals with self-reported sensitive skin to regular contact with household cle...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 10, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Lucília Diogo, Ana Luísa Papoila Source Type: journals

Using 3D differential forms to characterize a pigmented lesion in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study indicates that differential forms obtained from 3D data are very promising in characterizing melanoma. Combining these features with other skin features such as border irregularity and color variation might further improve the accuracy and reliability of the automatic diagnosis of melanoma. (Source: Skin Research and Technology)
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 10, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Yu Zhou, Melvyn Smith, Lyndon Smith, Rob Warr Source Type: journals

Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy of localized sclerodermaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A real-time, non-invasive method will confer a benefit for the diagnosis and treatment of localized scleroderma (LS) in the clinic. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the potential of multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) for diagnosing LS and monitoring the treatment response in vivo. Three sclerodermatous skin specimens and two normal skin specimens were investigated using MPLSM based on two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). MPLSM consists of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and a scanning inverted microscope. Several parameters such as the epidermal thickness, the or...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kecheng Lu, Jianxin Chen, Shuangmu Zhuo, Liqin Zheng, Xingshan Jiang, Xiaoqin Zhu, Jingjun Zhao Source Type: journals

Confocal laser-scanning capillaroscopy: a novel approach to the analysis of skin capillaries in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
New techniques for diagnostics and therapy in dermatology are becoming increasingly non-invasive, among which confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) is the most prevalent. It allows visualization of cellular structures of the skin up to a depth of 300 [mu]m in vivo. Until now, most studies have been conducted on pathologically altered skin, mostly oncologic lesions. We now present a detailed analysis of capillaries located in the upper dermal papillae. Multiple measurements were performed on the dorsal and ventral surface of the right forearm of 30 healthy volunteers (22[ndash]88 years) under standard conditions (room t...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 6, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: J. Hegyi, V. Hegyi, G. Messer, P. Arenberger, T. Ruzicka, C. Berking Source Type: journals

Wavelength effects on contrast observed with reflectance in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ability to optically section live biological tissue in vivo with laser light is made possible by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In this work, the effects of changing the wavelength of incident light used for CLSM imaging of human skin are reported and analyzed. Optical phantoms and the skin of eight human volunteers were imaged using CLSM systems having three different incident light wavelengths (405, 785, and 830 nm). Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed between images obtained at each wavelength, despite the proximity of the two near infrared 785 and 830 nm wavelengths. Furthermore, the ...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 6, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Michael A. Luedtke, Elisabeth Papazoglou, Michael Neidrauer, Nikiforos Kollias Source Type: journals

Detection of atypical texture features in early malignant melanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study sought to analyze the APN with texture measures. For 106 dermoscopy images including 28 melanomas and 78 benign dysplastic nevi, the areas of APN were selected manually. Ten texture measures in the CVIPtools image analysis system were applied. Of the 10 texture measures used, correlation average provided the highest discrimination accuracy, an average of 95.4%. Discrimination of melanomas was optimal at a pixel distance of 20 for the 768 × 512 images, consistent with a melanocytic lesion texel size estimate of 4[ndash]5 texels per mm. Texture analysis, in particular correlation average at an optimized pixel spa...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 4, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Bijaya Shrestha, Joseph Bishop, Keong Kam, Xiaohe Chen, Randy H. Moss, William V. Stoecker, Scott Umbaugh, R. Joe Stanley, M. Emre Celebi, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Giuseppe Argenziano, H. Peter Soyer Source Type: journals

A stochastic model for transepidermal drug deliveryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Topical drug application has been widely used to manage skin diseases as well as to treat a variety of local and systemic disorders. To evaluate the efficiency of transepidermal drug delivery, an efficient model is needed to study the process of percutaneous transport. A stochastic model based on Monte Carlo methods and Cellular Automata is presented in this work to study the molecular transport through the stratum corneum of the human skin, which is a typical process in transepidermal drug delivery. To validate the model, an in vitro experiment on percutaneous absorption of radioactive 17[beta]-estradiol was performed. Th...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 3, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Wen Zhong, Malcolm M. Q. Xing, Xiaoying Hui, Howard I. Maibach Source Type: journals

Spectroscopic characterization and microscopic imaging of extracted and in situ cutaneous collagen and elastic tissue components under two-photon excitationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study, using the EEM spectroscopic approach, confirmed a previous imaging study inference that in the dermis, TPEF predominantly originates from elastic fibers, while SHG originates solely from collagen fibers. The EEM data and SHG excitation spectra obtained in this study can be used to guide the selection of excitation wavelengths for MPM applications in basic skin biology research and for clinical diagnosis. (Source: Skin Research and Technology)
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 3, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jianxin Chen, Anthony Lee, Jianhua Zhao, Hequn Wang, Harvey Lui, David I. McLean, Haishan Zeng Source Type: journals

Variations of skin biophysical properties after recreational swimmingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sensations of itching and skin tightness are frequently reported after recreational swimming in pool water. Our objective was to measure the potential changes occurring at the skin surface under such conditions. Nine women participated in this study, which consisted of two periods. During a 4-day control period, basal biophysical skin parameters were assessed every morning. On the first day, measurements were also performed in the afternoon. The second study period followed the same study design as for the control period, except that, on the first day, women swam for 1 h in a public pool, between the measurements performed...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 3, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Sophie Gardinier, Sabine Guéhenneux, Julie Latreille, Christiane Guinot, Erwin Tschachler Source Type: journals

Semi-quantitative assessment of the distribution of skin lesions in patients with psoriasis and psoriasis arthritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We propose that the distribution of skin lesions in psoriasis may be assessed using parametric maps on a pixel-by-pixel basis. We processed 428 patient-drawn self-descriptions of the psoriasis lesions on a supplied body template. We compared 195 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with 89 who had this diagnosis rejected (Psor). Additionally, 28 Psor cases supplied drawings performed after 3 weeks of climate therapy (PsorCT) to test the treatment efficacy. The drawings were scanned, lesion areas were segmented, followed by construction of parametric maps of lesion distributions and calculation o...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 3, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Stefan Kazimierz Piechnik, Karin Øien Forseth, Anne-Lene Krogstad Source Type: journals

Melanin and facial skin fluorescence as markers of yellowish discoloration with agingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this pilot study was to non-invasively investigate the roles of melanin and AGEs in this yellowish discoloration of the facial skin. We examined the spectral reflectance at the cheek in 40 healthy Japanese women of various ages (mean age, 38.1 years) using a reflectance spectrophotometer and a spectrofluorimeter. The degree of yellowish tint was evaluated in terms of b*. The amount of melanin in the skin was evaluated by calculating the melanin index (MI) A640[ndash]A670 [A[lambda]: log10 (1/reflectance) at a wavelength of [lambda]]. The amount of AGEs was roughly evaluated using the AGEs index, which is t...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - September 3, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Hiroshi Ohshima, Midori Oyobikawa, Akihiro Tada, Tetsuo Maeda, Hirotsugu Takiwaki, Masatoshi Itoh, Hiromi Kanto Source Type: journals

HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of body odor to test the efficacy of foot deodorant formulationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Foot malodor is mostly due to short-chain fatty acids produced by bacterial metabolism of eccrine sweating. We aimed to develop a protocol for an objective (instrumental) efficacy evaluation of foot deodorant formulations. Head-space solid-phase microextractions of target fatty acids from the feet of six healthy volunteers were analyzed by GC-MS. A comparative analysis of the treated vs. the untreated foot was performed in each subject after washing the feet with a physiologic solution and incubating at 36 °C for 24[ndash]72 h in tryptic soy agar growth medium. Acetic, butyric, isobutyric and isovaleric acids were identif...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 30, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Alessandro Caroprese, Simone Gabbanini, Claudia Beltramini, Elena Lucchi, Luca Valgimigli Source Type: journals

Mapping the human face: biophysical propertiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Facial skin exhibits unique biophysical properties that are distinct from skin belonging to other areas of the body. Small to large regional differences in biophysical properties between facial sites are observed. Technological advances in dermatological research allow a quantitative study of the biophysical qualities of the face and its relation to skin elsewhere. However, comprehensive studies examining inter-regional variations using each of the six standard biophysical parameters have been few. We summarize findings on the biophysical parameters used to explore the human face as well as regional differences in skin rea...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 30, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Chrystal V. Wa, Howard I. Maibach Source Type: journals

An improved objective evaluation measure for border detection in dermoscopy imagesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dermoscopy is one of the major imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. Owing to the difficulty and subjectivity of human interpretation, dermoscopy image analysis has become an important research area. One of the most important steps in dermoscopy image analysis is the automated detection of lesion borders. Although numerous methods have been developed for the detection of lesion borders, very few studies were comprehensive in the evaluation of their results. In this paper, we evaluate five recent border detection methods on a set of 90 dermoscopy images using three sets of de...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 25, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: M. Emre Celebi, Gerald Schaefer, Hitoshi Iyatomi, William V. Stoecker, Joseph M. Malters, James M. Grichnik Source Type: journals

Clinical tip: use of a manual dermatoscope with a compact digital camera in a pigmented lesion clinicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Skin Research and Technology)
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 25, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Edoardo Zattra, Elena Tonin, Anna Belloni Fortina, Barbara Pigozzi, Mauro Alaibac Source Type: journals

Prospective ultramorphological characterization of human hair by optical coherence tomographyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The continuous advancement in cosmetic science has led to an increasing demand for the development of non-invasive, reliable scientific techniques directed toward claim substantiation, which is of utmost relevance, to obtain data regarding the efficacy and safety of cosmetic products. In this work, we used the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique to produce in vitro transversal section-images of human hair. We also compared the OCT signal before and after chemical treatment with an 18% w/w ammonium thioglycolate solution. The mean diameter of the medulla was 29±7 [mu]m and the hair diameter was 122±16 [mu]m in ou...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 23, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Maria Valéria Robles Velasco, André Rolim Baby, Fernanda Daud Sarruf, Telma Mary Kaneko, Ricardo Elgul Samad, Nilson Dias Vieira Júnior, Anderson Zanardi de Freitas Source Type: journals

Imaging of melanin distribution using multiphoton autofluorescence decay curvesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used the DermaInspect to study melanin in skin. A human three-dimensional skin model containing melanocytes was embedded in an OCT compound, frozen and sectioned at 10 [mu]m. The melanin distribution in each section was visualized by the DermaInspect using time-resolved single-photon counting and near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse excitation. The melanin distribution of the same sections was then visualized using the Fontana-Masson staining method. High-resolution images were generated from the ratio of a1/a2 (a1e[minus]t/120+a2e[minus]t/1100 was chosen to express the exponential fluorescent decay curv...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 23, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Keiichi Sugata, Shingo Sakai, Nakagawa Noriaki, Osamu Osanai, Takashi Kitahara, Yoshinori Takema Source Type: journals

Comparison of color representations for content-based image retrieval in dermatologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We compare the effectiveness of 10 different color representations in a content-based image retrieval task for dermatology. As features, we use the average colors of healthy and lesion skin in an image. The extracted features are used to retrieve similar images from a database using a k-nearest-neighbor search and Euclidean distance. The images in the database are divided into four different color categories. We measure the effectiveness of retrieval by the average percentage of retrieved images that belong to the same category as a query image. We found that the difference of the colors of lesion and healthy skin is a bet...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 23, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Hedde H. W. J. Bosman, Nicolai Petkov, Marcel F. Jonkman Source Type: journals

Colorimetry provides a rapid objective measurement of de novo hair growth rate in miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Depilated mice have been used as a test platform for hair growth-regulating agents. However, currently available assessment tools for hair growth in mice are less than ideal. Tristimulus colorimetry of the fur color of depilated agouti, albino, and black mice with L*, a*, and b* values were performed daily until the full growth of pelage. Using light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation (650 and 890 nm) with a daily dose of 3.5 J/cm2 as hair growth regulators, the hair growth rates observed by the global assessment were compared with those derived from colorimetry. In contrast to a* and b* values, L* values changed more drasti...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 23, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Tien-Yi Tzung, Chia-Yi Yang, Yung-Chang Huang, Fu-Jen Kao Source Type: journals

Development of a novel method for quantitative evaluation of sensory skin irritation inhibitorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sensory skin irritation is regarded as one of the most serious side effects of cosmetic use. Thus, it is desirable to develop good inhibitors of sensory skin irritation. However, it is difficult to quantify the effect of sensory skin irritation inhibitors. We investigated the possibility of using an electrical current perception threshold (CPT) measurement for the quantitative evaluation of these inhibitors. We divided study populations into stinger and non-stinger groups based on their response to 5% lactic acid and assessed CPT values at 2000, 250, and 5 Hz on the cheek. Stingers showed significantly lower CPT values tha...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 23, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Eunyoung Lee, Susun An, Tae Ryong Lee, Han Kon Kim Source Type: journals

A new method describing border irregularity of pigmented lesionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggests that in terms of sensitivity, descriptors extracted from CDDs are the most powerful ones in characterizing the border irregularity of melanomas. (Source: Skin Research and Technology)
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 23, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Yu Zhou, Melvyn Smith, Lyndon Smith, Robert Warr Source Type: journals

Extraction of skin lesion texture features based on independent component analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During the recent years, many diagnostic methods have been proposed aiming at early detection of malignant melanoma. The texture of skin lesions is an important feature to differentiate melanoma from other types of lesions, and different techniques have been designed to quantify this feature. In this paper, we discuss a new approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) for extraction of texture features of skin lesions in clinical images. After preprocessing and segmentation of the images, features that describe the texture of lesions and show high discriminative characteristics are extracted using ICA, and then t...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 22, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kaveh Tabatabaie, Ali Esteki, Parviz Toossi Source Type: journals

Local tissue water assessed by measuring forearm skin dielectric constant: dependence on measurement depth, age and body mass indexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measured at 300 MHz via the coaxial line reflection method is useful to evaluate local tissue water (LTW) and its change. Because excitation field penetration depth depends on size and geometry of the coaxial probe in contact with the skin, TDC values reflect skin and subcutaneous fat to varying depths depending on the probe used. Because tissue changes that occur with age or body mass index (BMI) may affect tissue water content and its depth distribution, our goal was to use TDC measurements to characterize depth patterns of LTW in normal tissue and to investigate the possible impact of ag...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 16, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Harvey N. Mayrovitz Source Type: journals

Measuring human skin buffering capacity: an in vitro modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study measured the skin buffering capacity against two model solutions of acid and base at three concentrations with an in vitro system. Ten microliters of model base (sodium hydroxide [ndash] NaOH) and acid (hydrochloric acid [ndash] HCl) solutions at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 N was applied to human cadaver skin (3.18 [mu]L/cm2) placed onto glass diffusion cells. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as a standard buffer solution. Deionized water served as the negative control, whereas untreated skin served as the blank control. Skin pH was read and recorded immediately following dosing (0 time), and ...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Hongbo Zhai, Heidi P. Chan, Sara Farahmand, Howard I. Maibach Source Type: journals

Contribution of skin biometrology to the diagnosis of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in a prospective series of 41 patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The diagnosis of the Ehlers[ndash]Danlos syndrome (EDS) is primarily clinical. Clinical signs result from modifications of the rheological properties of the skin: thickness, extensibility and hydration. Our main objective was to demonstrate what skin biometry can contribute to the diagnosis and evaluation of the different types of EDS. Forty-one patients clinically diagnosed with EDS were paired by age and sex to 41 healthy subjects with no known dermatologic disease, in particular connective tissue diseases. We measured skin thickness, extensibility, hydration and sebum secretion by skin ultrasonography, use of a Cutomete...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - August 11, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: C. Catala-Pétavy, L. Machet, G. Georgesco, F. Pétavy, A. Maruani, L. Vaillant Source Type: journals

Age-dependent changes in skin surface assessed by a novel two-dimensional image analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Skin microrelief has been studied using various methods and devices. However, the long duration of time needed to process one sample or the expensive equipment hampered the use of those systems for routine diagnosis. Today, the emergence of new software and hardware technologies may allow this issue to be resolved. To characterize objectively the skin surface, we introduced a new parameter SPm, namely, the area mean of superficial skin texture block formed by primary and secondary lines crossing each other. Based on the skin detector produced by the Boseview Technology Company, we developed a software for acquiring automat...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - July 29, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Yaobin Zou, Enmin Song, Renchao Jin Source Type: journals

Measuring transepidermal water loss: a comparative in vivo study of condenser-chamber, unventilated-chamber and open-chamber systemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two main systems have been utilized for measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL): open chamber and closed chamber. Yet, further validation and standardization studies may be necessary to reveal the sensitivity, precision, and robustness of these instruments. Three instruments are compared for their applicability to assess TEWL: unventilated chamber, open chamber and condenser chamber. The comparative study was performed on human forearm skin (n=6), in the normal condition (baseline), and after (1) 10 tape strippings on both arms, (2) moisturizer cream (Eucerin®) and petrolatum application for 1 h, and (3) 1% sodium laur...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - July 13, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Sara Farahmand, Lilian Tien, Xiaoying Hui, Howard I. Maibach Source Type: journals

The effect of eye opening and closing on the result of facial wrinkle assessmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to reveal the effect of eye opening and closing on the result of wrinkle assessment. The study also attempted to analyze the age-, site-, and ethnicity-dependent variations in the effect. Open- and closed-eyed photographs were obtained from 87 Japanese women of ages ranging from 21 to 73 years, and also from 80 American women comprising of Asians, Caucasians, Africans and Hispanics in their 30s. Their wrinkle intensities were scored separately at nine facial sites using a five-point photo scale. The obtained scores were compared between open- and closed-eyed photographs. The differences were then compared ...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kazue Tsukahara, Mitsuyuki Hotta, Osamu Osanai, Tutomu Fujimura, Takashi Kitahara, Yoshinori Takema Source Type: journals

Validation of a protocol for the assessment of skin temperature and blood flow in childhood localised sclerodermaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Localised scleroderma (LS) is the most common form of scleroderma seen in children, and usually presents unilaterally. Infrared thermography (IRT) and laser Doppler (LD) have both been reported to be useful in assessing the active, inflammatory stage of LS. We developed and validated a protocol using these techniques for the assessment of unilateral LS activity in children. We investigated the spatial variability and repeatability of LD measurements from adult control forearm skin, and the inter- and intra-operator reproducibility of both LD blood flow trace analysis and IRT skin temperature analysis. Software was develope...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - June 24, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kevin J. Howell, Antonia Lavorato, María Teresa Visentin, Roy E. Smith, Gerald Schaefer, Carl D. Jones, Lisa Weibel, Christopher P. Denton, John I. Harper, Patricia Woo Source Type: journals

A novel in vitro stripping method to study geometry of corneocytes with fluorescent microscopy: example of aging skinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To develop modification of stripping method allowing high-resolution fluorescent visualization of corneocytes of human skin in vitro. To validate the method, the measured corneocyte areas on skin flakes are collected from individuals of different ages. Two complimentary fluorescent dyes were used sequentially. First the adhesive layer of the stripping tape was stained with a cationic dye (rhodamine 640). This tape was used to collect skin flakes. Then both the tape and collected flakes were stained with anionic dye (fluorescein). The fluorescence of the adhesive tape exposed to the second staining is substantially decrease...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - June 23, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: N. V. Guz, R. M. Gaikwad, M. E. Dokukin, I. Sokolov Source Type: journals

Protective effects of green tea extracts on photoaging and photommunosuppressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to investigate whether the sunscreen-containing 2[ndash]5% green tea extracts (GTEs) protect ultraviolet irradiation (UVR)-induced photoaging and photoimmunosuppression. Twenty volunteers were exposed to repetitive solar-simulated UVR (ssUVR) on the upper back at a dosage of 1.5 minimal erythema doses (MED) per day for four consecutive days. Thirty minutes before each UVR and 6, 24, and 48 h after the last UV exposure, the products containing vehicle, and 2[ndash]5% GTEs were applied onto five sites on the dorsal skin, respectively. The skin biopsies were obtained 72 h after the last UVR. The thickness of ...
Source: Skin Research and Technology - June 15, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Yuan-Hong Li, Yan Wu, Hua-Chen Wei, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Li-Li Jia, Jing Chen, Xue-Song Yang, Guang-Hui Dong, Xing-Hua Gao, Hong-Duo Chen Source Type: journals