Further Evidence for a Parasomnia Incited by Trauma
(Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Sleep and Behavior in Cross-Fostering Rats: Developmental and Sex Aspects
Conclusions:Even when the consequences of adverse early-life events are not observed in tests for anxiety and depression, they leave a molecular mark in the brain, which can act as a vulnerability factor for psychopathologies in later life. Sleep is a sensitive indicator for even mild early-life stress.Citation:Santangeli O, Lehtikuja H, Palomäki E, Wigren HK, Paunio T, Porkka-Heiskanen T. Sleep and behavior in cross-fostering rats: developmental and sex aspects.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2211–2221. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Different Simultaneous Sleep States in the Hippocampus and Neocortex
Conclusions:We demonstrate that hippocampal and neocortical sleep-waking states often differ in the same epoch. Consequently, electrode location affects estimates of sleep architecture, state transition timing, and perhaps even percentage of time in sleep states. Therefore, under normal conditions, models assuming brain state homogeneity should not be applied to the sleeping or waking brain.Citation:Emrick JJ, Gross BA, Riley BT, Poe GR. Different simultaneous sleep states in the hippocampus and neocortex.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2201–2209. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Sleep Homeostatic and Waking Behavioral Phenotypes in Egr3-Deficient Mice Associated with Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2 Deficits
Conclusion:Egr3 has an essential role in regulating cortical arousal, wakefulness, and sleep, presumably by its regulation of 5-HT2 receptors.Citation:Grønli J, Clegern WC, Schmidt MA, Nemri RS, Rempe MJ, Gallitano AL, Wisor JP. Sleep homeostatic and waking behavioral phenotypes inEgr3-deficient mice associated with serotonin receptor 5-HT2 deficits.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2189–2199. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Levels of Interference in Long and Short-Term Memory Differentially Modulate Non-REM and REM Sleep
Conclusions:These results suggest that REMS, but also rapid oscillations occurring during NREMS would be specifically implicated in the long-term memory in RM, whereas NREMS and slow oscillations could be involved in the forgetting of irrelevant information required for WM.Citation:Fraize N, Carponcy J, Joseph MA, Comte JC, Luppi PH, Libourel PA, Salin PA, Malleret G, Parmentier R. Levels of interference in long and short-term memory differentially modulate non-REM and REM sleep.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2173–2188. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory in Aplysia
Conclusions:Acute sleep deprivation inhibited the induction and consolidation, but not the recall of memory. These behavioral studies establishAplysia as an effective model system for studying the interactions between sleep and memory formation.Citation:Krishnan HC, Gandour CE, Ramos JL, Wrinkle MC, Sanchez-Pacheco JJ, Lyons LC. Acute sleep deprivation blocks short- and long-term operant memory inAplysia. SLEEP 2016;39(12):2161–2171. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

2B-Alert Web: An Open-Access Tool for Predicting the Effects of Sleep/Wake Schedules and Caffeine Consumption on Neurobehavioral Performance
Conclusions:The publicly accessible2B-Alert Web tool is available for operators, schedulers, and neurobehavioral scientists as well as the general public to determine the impact of any given sleep/wake schedule, caffeine consumption, and time of day on performance of a group of individuals. This evidence-based tool can be used as a decision aid to design effective work schedules, guide the design of future sleep restriction and caffeine studies, and increase public awareness of the effects of sleep amounts, time of day, and caffeine on alertness.Citation:Reifman J, Kumar K, Wesensten NJ, Tountas NA, Balkin TJ, Ramakrishnan...
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Polysomnography in Bolivian Children Native to High Altitude Compared to Children Native to Low Altitude
Conclusions:HA native Andean children have more respiratory events when scoring relies on SpO2 desaturation due to inherent SpO2 instability. Use of American Academy of Sleep Medicine scoring criteria may yield false-positive results for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing at HA.Citation:Hill CM, Carroll A, Dimitriou D, Gavlak J, Heathcote K, L'Esperance V, Baya A, Webster R, Pushpanathan M, Bucks RS. Polysomnography in Bolivian children native to high altitude compared to children native to low altitude.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2149–2155. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Sleep Quantity and Quality during Acute Concussion: A Pilot Study
Conclusions:Individuals with a concussion demonstrated increased nighttime sleep duration variability. This increase persisted at 1 mo post-injury and may be associated with previously documented self-reports of poor sleep quality lasting months and years after a concussion. Additionally, this increase may predispose individuals to numerous negative health outcomes if left untreated.Citation:Raikes AC, Schaefer SY. Sleep quantity and quality during acute concussion: a pilot study.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2141–2147. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Reduced Rapid Eye Movement Density in Parkinson Disease: A Polysomnography-Based Case-Control Study
Conclusions:REM density is reduced in patients with IPD and correlates with subjective scores on sleep impairment. As an indicator of persistent high sleep pressure, reduced RD in IPD is eligible as a biomarker of excessive daytime sleepiness in IPD. It possibly reflects direct involvement of the brainstem REM generation sites by the disease process. RD is a promising new tool for sleep research in IPD.Citation:Schroeder LA, Rufra O, Sauvageot N, Fays F, Pieri V, Diederich NJ. Reduced rapid eye movement density in parkinson disease: a polysomnography-based case-control study.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2133–2139. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories
Conclusions:Our results have clinical implications and set the ground for early-intervention sleep studies following trauma and prevention of chronic posttrauma disorders.Citation:Kleim B, Wysokowsky J, Schmid N, Seifritz E, Rasch B. Effects of sleep after experimental trauma on intrusive emotional memories.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2125–2132. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

I Keep a Close Watch on This Heart of Mine: Increased Interoception in Insomnia
Conclusions:People with insomnia show insufficient adaptation of their brain responses to the ever-present heartbeats. Abnormalities in the neural circuits involved in interoceptive awareness including the salience network may be of key importance to the pathophysiology of insomnia.Citation:Wei Y, Ramautar JR, Colombo MA, Stoffers D, Gómez-Herrero G, van der Meijden WP, te Lindert BHW, van der Werf YD, Van Someren EJW. I keep a close watch on this heart of mine: increased interoception in insomnia.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2113–2124. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

DSM-5 Insomnia and Short Sleep: Comorbidity Landscape and Racial Disparities
Conclusions:Insomnia disorder with short sleep is the most severe phenotype of insomnia and comorbid with many cardiometabolic and psychiatric illnesses, whereas morbidity profiles are highly similar between insomniacs with normal sleep duration and former insomniacs. Short sleep endemic to black Americans increases risk for the short sleep insomnia phenotype and likely contributes to racial disparities in cardiometabolic disease and psychiatric illness.Citation:Kalmbach DA, Pillai V, Arnedt JT, Drake CL. DSM-5 insomnia and short sleep: comorbidity landscape and racial disparities.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2101–2111. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Arousal Intensity is a Distinct Pathophysiological Trait in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Conclusions:Average arousal intensity is independent of the preceding respiratory stimulus. This is consistent with arousal intensity being a distinct trait. Respiratory and pharyngeal muscle responses increase with arousal intensity. Thus, patients with higher arousal intensities may be more prone to respiratory control instability. These findings are important for sleep apnea pathogenesis.Citation:Amatoury J, Azarbarzin A, Younes M, Jordan AS, Wellman A, Eckert DJ. Arousal intensity is a distinct pathophysiological trait in obstructive sleep apnea.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2091–2100. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Effect on Intermittent Hypoxia on Plasma Exosomal Micro RNA Signature and Endothelial Function in Healthy Adults
Conclusions:In humans, intermittent hypoxia alters exosome cargo in the circulation which promotes increased permeability and dysfunction of endothelial cellsin vitro. A select number of circulating exosomal miRNAs may play important roles in the cardiovascular dysfunction associated with OSA by targeting specific effector pathways.Citation:Khalyfa A, Zhang C, Khalyfa AA, Foster GE, Beaudin AE, Andrade J, Hanly PJ, Poulin MJ, Gozal D. Effect on intermittent hypoxia on plasma exosomal micro RNA signature and endothelial function in healthy adults.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2077–2090. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research