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51 records returned

European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
At present 75 species of Hypocrea have been identified in temperate Europe. Nineteen green-spored species and their Trichoderma asexual states are here described in detail. Extensive searches for Hypocrea teleomorphs in 14 European countries, with emphasis on Central Europe, yielded more than 620 specimens within five years. The morphology of fresh and dry stromata was studied. In addition, available types of species described from Europe were examined. Cultures were prepared from ascospores and used to study the morphology of cultures and anamorphs, to determine growth rates, and to extract DNA that was used for ampli...
Source: Studies in Mycology - October 15, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Jaklitsch WM Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

A monograph of the entomopathogenic genera Hypocrella, Moelleriella, and Samuelsia gen. nov. (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae), and their aschersonia-like anamorphs in the Neotropics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present taxonomic revision deals with Neotropical species of three entomopathogenic genera that were once included in Hypocrella s. l.: Hypocrella s. str. (anamorph Aschersonia), Moelleriella (anamorph aschersonia-like), and Samuelsia gen. nov (anamorph aschersonia-like). Species of Hypocrella, Moelleriella, and Samuelsia are pathogens of scale insects (Coccidae and Lecaniidae, Homoptera) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera) and are common in tropical regions. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF 1-alpha), and RNA polymerase...
Source: Studies in Mycology - July 3, 2008 Category: Biology Authors: Chaverri P, Liu M, Hodge KT Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

What can comparative genomics tell us about species concepts in the genus Aspergillus?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Understanding the nature of species" boundaries is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. The availability of genomes from several species of the genus Aspergillus allows us for the first time to examine the demarcation of fungal species at the whole-genome level. Here, we examine four case studies, two of which involve intraspecific comparisons, whereas the other two deal with interspecific genomic comparisons between closely related species. These four comparisons reveal significant variation in the nature of species boundaries across Aspergillus. For example, comparisons between A. fumigatus and Neosartorya...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Rokas A, Payne G, Fedorova ND, Baker SE, Machida M, Yu J, Georgianna DR, Dean RA, Bhatnagar D, Cleveland TE, Wortman JR, Maiti R, Joardar V, Amedeo P, Denning DW, Nierman WC Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

The species concept in Aspergillus: recommendations of an international panel.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18490943 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology)
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Samson RA, Varga J, Witiak SM, Geiser DM Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Nomenclatural considerations in naming species of Aspergillus and its teleomorphs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The nomenclature of Aspergillus is important in many fields of research and therefore the strategies for stable and efficient naming are important. The conservation of species names as accepted by the Aspergillus community is described. Published lists of accepted names provide that people who use Aspergillus and Penicillium taxonomies need no longer fear the overturning of names currently used. Aspergillus is a good example of a genus where the naming of both anamorph and teleomorph has been applied and arguments are given for maintaining the system of dual nomenclature. A protocol for describing new taxa in Aspergill...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Pitt JI, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Diagnostic tools to identify black aspergilli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present taxonomy of the black aspergilli reveals that there are 19 accepted taxa. However the identification of species of Aspergillus section Nigri is often problematic in spite of the existence of numerous methods proposed. An overview is provided of phenotypic and molecular methods to identify the accepted species of the black aspergilli. Colony morphology, conidial size and ornamentation of the ex type cultures is presented in a pictorial overview. The temperature range of all species is given and their growth characteristics on creatine agar and boscalid agar, a medium which was developed as a selective medium...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Samson RA, Noonim P, Meijer M, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Varga J Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Taxonomic revision of Aspergillus section Clavati based on molecular, morphological and physiological data.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aspergillus section Clavati has been revised using morphology, secondary metabolites, physiological characters and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of beta-tubulin, ITS and calmodulin sequence data indicated that Aspergillus section Clavati includes 6 species, A. clavatus (synonyms: A. apicalis, A. pallidus), A. giganteus, A. rhizopodus, A. longivesica, Neocarpenteles acanthosporus and A. clavatonanicus. Neocarpenteles acanthosporus is the only known teleomorph of this section. The sister genera to Neocarpenteles are Neosartorya and Dichotomomyces based on sequence data. Species in Neosartorya and Neocarpenteles ha...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Varga J, Due M, Frisvad JC, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

The current status of species recognition and identification in Aspergillus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The species recognition and identification of aspergilli and their teleomorphs is discussed. A historical overview of the taxonomic concepts starting with the monograph of Raper & Fennell (1965) is given. A list of taxa described since 2000 is provided. Physiological characters, particularly growth rates and the production of extrolites, often show differences that reflect phylogenetic species boundaries and greater emphasis should be placed on extrolite profiles and growth characteristics in species descriptions. Multilocus sequence-based phylogenetic analyses have emerged as the primary tool for inferring phyloge...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Geiser DM, Klich MA, Frisvad JC, Peterson SW, Varga J, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Aspergillus strain typing in the genomics era.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Multiple reasons may justify a need for strain typing purposes, but the most common reason is to delineate the epidemiological relationships between isolates. The availability of whole genome sequences has greatly influenced our ability to develop highly targeted and efficient strain typing methods fur these purposes. Some strain typing methods may serve dual goals: not only can they be used to discriminate between multiple isolates of a certain species, they can also aid in the recognition, identification, description and validation process of a fungal species. PMID: 18490948 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology)
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Klaassen CH, Osherov N Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Usti.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aspergillus ustus is a very common species in foods, soil and indoor environments. Based on chemical, molecular and morphological data, A. insuetus is separated from A. ustus and revived. A. insuetus differs from A. ustus in producing drimans and ophiobolin G and H and not producing ustic acid and austocystins. The molecular, physiological and morphological data also indicated that another species, A. keveiisp. nov. is closely related but distinct from A. insuetus. Aspergillus section Usti sensu stricto includes 8 species: A. ustus, A. puniceus, A. granulosus, A. pseudodeflectus, A. calidoustus, A. insuetus and A. keve...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Houbraken J, Due M, Varga J, Meijer M, Frisvad JC, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Biodiversity of Aspergillus species in some important agricultural products.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The genus Aspergillus is one of the most important filamentous fungal genera. Aspergillus species are used in the fermentation industry, but they are also responsible of various plant and food secondary rot, with the consequence of possible accumulation of mycotoxins. The aflatoxin producing A. flavus and A. parasiticus, and ochratoxinogenic A. niger, A. ochraceus and A. carbonarius species are frequently encountered in agricultural products. Studies on the biodiversity of toxigenic Aspergillus species is useful to clarify molecular, ecological and biochemical characteristics of the different species in relation to the...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Perrone G, Susca A, Cozzi G, Ehrlich K, Varga J, Frisvad JC, Meijer M, Noonim P, Mahakarnchanakul W, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Candidi based on molecular, morphological and physiological data.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined isolates of species tentatively assigned to section Candidi using a polyphasic approach. The characters examined include sequence analysis of partial beta-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequences of the isolates, morphological and physiological tests, and examination of the extrolite profiles. Our data indicate that the revised section Candidi includes 4 species: A. candidus, A. campestris, A. taichungensis and A. tritici. This is strongly supported by all the morphological characteristics that are characteristic of section Candidi: slow growing colonies with globose conidial heads having white to y...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Varga J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Sexual and vegetative compatibility genes in the aspergilli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gene flow within populations can occur by sexual and/or parasexual means. Analyses of experimental and in silico work are presented relevant to possible gene flow within the aspergilli. First, the discovery of mating-type (MAT) genes within certain species of Aspergillus is described. The implications for self-fertility, sexuality in supposedly asexual species and possible uses as phylogenetic markers are discussed. Second, the results of data mining for heterokaryon incompatibility (het) and programmed cell death (PCD) related genes in the genomes of two heterokaryon incompatible isolates of the asexual species Asperg...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Pál K, van Diepeningen AD, Varga J, Hoekstra RF, Dyer PS, Debets AJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Fumigati and its teleomorph Neosartorya.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The taxonomy of Aspergillus section Fumigati with its teleomorph genus Neosartorya is revised. The species concept is based on phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profiles) and molecular (beta-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequences) characters in a polyphasic approach. Four new taxa are proposed: N. australensis N. ferenczii, N. papuaensis and N. warcupii. All newly described and accepted species are illustrated. The section consists of 33 taxa: 10 strictly anamorphic Aspergillus species and 23 Neosartorya species. Four other Neosartorya species described previously were not available for this monograph, and consequent...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Samson RA, Hong S, Peterson SW, Frisvad JC, Varga J Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Aspergillus species identification in the clinical setting.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Multiple recent studies have demonstrated the limited utility of morphological methods used singly for species identification of clinically relevant aspergilli. It is being increasingly recognised that comparative sequence based methods used in conjunction with traditional phenotype based methods can offer better resolution of species within this genus. Recognising the growing role of molecular methods in species recognition, the recently convened international working group meeting entitled "Aspergillus Systematics in the Genomic Era" has proposed several recommendations that will be useful in such endeavors. Specific...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Balajee SA, Houbraken J, Verweij PE, Hong SB, Yaghuchi T, Varga J, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Secondary metabolite profiling, growth profiles and other tools for species recognition and important Aspergillus mycotoxins.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Species in the genus Aspergillus have been classified primarily based on morphological features. Sequencing of house-hold genes has also been used in Aspergillus taxonomy and phylogeny, while extrolites and physiological features have been used less frequently. Three independent ways of classifying and identifying aspergilli appear to be applicable: Morphology combined with physiology and nutritional features, secondary metabolite profiling and DNA sequencing. These three ways of identifying Aspergillus species often point to the same species. This consensus approach can be used initially, but if consensus is achieved ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Frisvad JC, Larsen TO, de Vries R, Meijer M, Houbraken J, Cabañes FJ, Ehrlich K, Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Editorial and reflection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18490992 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology)
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Samson RA Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cordyceps, comprising over 400 species, was historically classified in the Clavicipitaceae, based on cylindrical asci, thickened ascus apices and filiform ascospores, which often disarticulate into part-spores. Cordyceps was characterized by the production of well-developed often stipitate stromata and an ecology as a pathogen of arthropods and Elaphomyces with infrageneric classifications emphasizing arrangement of perithecia, ascospore morphology and host affiliation. To refine the classification of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceae, the phylogenetic relationships of 162 taxa were estimated based on analyses consisti...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Mycosphaerella is polyphyletic.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mycosphaerella, one of the largest genera of ascomycetes, encompasses several thousand species and has anamorphs residing in more than 30 form genera. Although previous phylogenetic studies based on the ITS rDNA locus supported the monophyly of the genus, DNA sequence data derived from the LSU gene distinguish several clades and families in what has hitherto been considered to represent the Mycosphaerellaceae. Several important leaf spotting and extremotolerant species need to be disposed to the genus Teratosphaeria, for which a new family, the Teratosphaeriaceae, is introduced. Other distinct clades represent the Schi...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Braun U, Groenewald JZ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Delimiting Cladosporium from morphologically similar genera.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The genus Cladosporium is restricted to dematiaceous hyphomycetes with a coronate scar type, and Davidiella teleomorphs. In the present study numerous cladosporium-like taxa are treated, and allocated to different genera based on their morphology and DNA phylogeny derived from the LSU nrRNA gene. Several species are introduced in new genera such as Hyalodendriella, Ochrocladosporium, Rachicladosporium, Rhizocladosporium, Toxicocladosporium and Verrucocladosporium. A further new taxon is described in Devriesia (Teratosphaeriaceae). Furthermore, Cladosporium castellanii, the etiological agent of tinea nigra in humans, is...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Braun U, Schubert K, Groenewald JZ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic and morphotaxonomic revision of Ramichloridium and allied genera.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The phylogeny of the genera Periconiella, Ramichloridium, Rhinocladiella and Veronaea was explored by means of partial sequences of the 28S (LSU) rRNA gene and the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2). Based on the LSU sequence data, ramichloridium-like species segregate into eight distinct clusters. These include the Capnodiales (Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae), the Chaetothyriales (Herpotrichiellaceae), the Pleosporales, and five ascomycete clades with uncertain affinities. The type species of Ramichloridium, R. apiculatum, together with R. musae, R. biverticillatum, R. cerophilum, R. verrucosum, R. pini,...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Arzanlou M, Groenewald JZ, Gams W, Braun U, Shin HD, Crous PW Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Cladosporium leaf-blotch and stem rot of Paeonia spp. caused by Dichocladosporium chlorocephalum gen. nov.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cladosporium chlorocephalum (= C. paeoniae) is a common, widespread leaf-spotting hyphomycete of peony (Paeonia spp.), characterised by having dimorphic conidiophores. During the season, one stage of this fungus causes distinct, necrotic leaf-blotch symptoms on living leaves of Paeonia spp. In late autumn, winter or after overwintering, a second morphologically distinct conidiophore type occurs on dead, blackish, rotting stems. Conspecificity of the two morphs, previously proposed on the basis of observations in culture, was supported by DNA sequence data from the ITS and LSU gene regions, using cultures obtained from ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Schubert K, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Biodiversity in the Cladosporium herbarum complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales), with standardisation of methods for Cladosporium taxonomy and diagnostics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Cladosporium herbarum complex comprises five species for which Davidiella teleomorphs are known. Cladosporium herbarum s. str. (D. tassiana), C. macrocarpum (D. macrocarpa) and C. bruhnei (D. allicina) are distinguishable by having conidia of different width, and by teleomorph characters. Davidiella variabile is introduced as teleomorph of C. variabile, a homothallic species occurring on Spinacia, and D. macrospora is known to be the teleomorph of C. iridis on Iris spp. The C. herbarum complex combines low molecular distance with a high degree of clonal or inbreeding diversity. Entities differ from each other by mu...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Schubert K, Groenewald JZ, Braun U, Dijksterhuis J, Starink M, Hill CF, Zalar P, de Hoog GS, Crous PW Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Phylogeny and ecology of the ubiquitous saprobe Cladosporium sphaerospermum, with descriptions of seven new species from hypersaline environments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Saprobic Cladosporium isolates morphologically similar to C. sphaerospermum are phylogenetically analysed on the basis of DNA sequences of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S rDNA (ITS) and the small subunit (SSU) rDNA as well as beta-tubulin and actin gene introns and exons. Most of the C. sphaerospermum-like species show halotolerance as a recurrent feature. Cladosporium sphaerospermum, which is characterised by almost globose conidia, is redefined on the basis of its ex-neotype culture. Cladosporium dominicanum, C. psychrotolerans, C. velox, C. sp...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Zalar P, de Hoog GS, Schroers HJ, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Gunde-Cimerman N Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Opportunistic, human-pathogenic species in the Herpotrichiellaceae are phenotypically similar to saprobic or phytopathogenic species in the Venturiaceae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although morphologically similar, species of Cladophialophora (Herpotrichiellaceae) were shown to be phylogenetically distinct from Pseudocladosporium (Venturiaceae), which was revealed to be synonymous with the older genus, Fusicladium. Other than being associated with human disorders, species of Cladophialophora were found to also be phytopathogenic, or to occur as saprobes on organic material, or in water, fruit juices, or sports drinks, along with species of Exophiala. Caproventuria and Metacoleroa were confirmed to be synonyms of Venturia, which has Fusicladium (= Pseudocladosporium) anamorphs. Apiosporina, based ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Schubert K, Braun U, de Hoog GS, Hocking AD, Shin HD, Groenewald JZ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Molecular analysis and pathogenicity of the Cladophialophora carrionii complex, with the description of a novel species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cladophialophora carrionii is one of the four major etiologic agents of human chromoblastomycosis in semi-arid climates. This species was studied using sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA, the partial beta-tubulin gene and an intron in the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, in addition to morphology. With all genes a clear bipartition was observed, which corresponded with minute differences in conidiophore morphology. A new species, C. yegresii, was introduced, which appeared to be, in contrast to C. carrionii, associated with living cactus plants. All strains from humans, and a few...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: de Hoog GS, Nishikaku AS, Fernandez-Zeppenfeldt G, Padín-González C, Burger E, Badali H, Richard-Yegres N, van den Ende AH Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Taxonomy, nomenclature and phylogeny of three cladosporium-like hyphomycetes, Sorocybe resinae, Seifertia azaleae and the Hormoconis anamorph of Amorphotheca resinae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using morphological characters, cultural characters, large subunit and internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) sequences, and provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, this paper attempts to resolve the taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion surrounding three species of cladosporium-like hyphomycetes. The type specimen of Hormodendrum resinae, the basis for the use of the epithet resinae for the creosote fungus {either as Hormoconis resinae or Cladosporium resinae) represents the mononematous synanamorph of the synnematous, resinicolous fungus Sorocybe resinae. The phylogenetic relationships of the ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2007 Category: Biology Authors: Seifert KA, Hughes SJ, Boulay H, Louis-Seize G Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

The South African National Collection of Fungi: celebrating a centenary 1905-2005.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The international acronym PREM denotes the South African National Collection of Fungi, which houses approximately 60 000 specimens. The collection includes material from outside South Africa and contains representatives of all the major groups of fungi excluding the yeasts and pathogens of larger animals and man. The name PREM was derived from the city in which the collection is situated, Pretoria (PRE), and the M defines the collection as being mycological. The background information and historical facts presented in this paper are based on an unpublished manuscript, prepared by the co-author and then head of the coll...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Rong IH, Baxter AP Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

How many species of fungi are there at the tip of Africa?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several recent studies have reviewed the extent of fungal biodiversity, and have used these data as basis for revised estimates of species numbers based on known numbers of plants and insects. None of these studies, however, have focused on fungal biodiversity in South Africa. Coinciding with the 100th anniversary of the National Collection of Fungi (PREM) in South Africa in 2005, it is thus timely to reflect on the taxonomic research that has been conducted in South Africa over the past Century. Information is presented on the extent of fungal collections preserved at PREM, and the associated research publications tha...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Rong IH, Wood A, Lee S, Glen H, Botha W, Slippers B, de Beer WZ, Wingfield MJ, Hawksworth DL Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Microthia, Holocryphia and Ursicollum, three new genera on Eucalyptus and Coccoloba for fungi previously known as Cryphonectria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cryphonectria havanensis is a fungus associated with Eucalyptus species in Cuba and Florida (U.S.A.). Until recently, there have been no living cultures of C. havanensis and it has thus not been possible to assess its taxonomic status. Isolates thought to represent this fungus have, however, emerged from surveys of Eucalyptus in Mexico and Hawaii (U.S.A.). Results of this study showed that these isolates represent C. havanensis but reside in a genus distinct from Cryphonectria sensu stricto, which is described here as Microthia. Isolates of an unidentified fungus occurring on Myrica faya in the Azores and Madeira also ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Gryzenhout M, Myburg H, Hodges CS, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Eucalyptus microfungi known from culture. 1. Cladoriella and Fulvoflamma genera nova, with notes on some other poorly known taxa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A study of microfungi associated with living Eucalyptus leaves and leaf litter revealed several novel and interesting taxa. Cladoriella eucalypti gen. et sp. nov. is described as a Cladosporium-like genus associated with litter collected in South Africa, while Fulvoflamma eucalypti gen. et. sp. nov. is newly described from leaf litter collected in Spain. Beta-conidia are newly reported for species of Pestalotiopsis, namely Pestalotiopsis disseminata in New Zealand, and a Pestalotiopsis sp. from Colombia. Satchmopsis brasiliensis is reported from litter in Colombia and Indonesia, while Torrendiella eucalypti is reported...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Verkley GJ, Groenewald JZ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Characterisation of Phomopsis spp. associated with die-back of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) in South Africa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Die-back of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) causes substantial losses in commercial Aspalathus plantations in South Africa. In the past, the disease has been attributed to Phomopsis phaseoli (teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum). Isolates obtained from diseased plants, however, were highly variable with regard to morphology and pathogenicity. The aim of the present study was thus to identify the Phomopsis species associated with die-back of rooibos. Isolates were subjected to DNA sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) and partial sequences of the translation elongation factor-1 al...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: van Rensburg JC, Lamprecht SC, Groenewald JZ, Castlebury LA, Crous PW Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Multi-gene phylogenies define Ceratocystiopsis and Grosmannia distinct from Ophiostoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ophiostoma species have diverse morphological features and are found in a large variety of ecological niches. Many different classification schemes have been applied to these fungi in the past based on teleomorph and anamorph features. More recently, studies based on DNA sequence comparisions have shown that Ophiostoma consists of different phylogenetic groups, but the data have not been sufficient to define clear monophyletic lineages represented by practical taxonomic units. We used DNA sequence data from combined partial nuclear LSU and beta-tubulin genes to consider the phylogenetic relationships of 50 Ophiostoma s...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Zipfel RD, de Beer ZW, Jacobs K, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic reassessment of Mycosphaerella spp. and their anamorphs occurring on Eucalyptus. II.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Species of Eucalyptus are widely planted as exotics in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere and to some extent in southern Europe, for timber and fibre production. Species of Mycosphaerella are commonly associated with leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus and can result in defoliation, dieback, and even tree death. In the present study, numerous isolates of Mycosphaerella species were collected from leaf litter, living leaves exhibiting leaf spot symptoms or severe Mycosphaerella leaf blotch symptoms. Isolates were compared based on DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 & ITS2) and the 5.8S ge...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Mansilla JP, Alfenas AC, Groenewald JZ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Multi-gene phylogenies and phenotypic characters distinguish two species within the Colletogloeopsis zuluensis complex associated with Eucalyptus stem cankers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Colletogloeopsis zuluensis, previously known as Coniothyrium zuluense, causes a serious stem canker disease on Eucalyptus spp. grown as non-natives in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. This stem canker disease was first reported from South Africa and it has subsequently been found on various species and hybrids of Eucalyptus in other African countries as well as in countries of South America and South-East Asia. In previous studies, phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data of the ITS region suggested that all material of C. zuluensis was monophyletic. However, the occurrence of the fungus in a greater n...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Cortinas MN, Crous PW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

A multi-gene phylogeny for species of Mycosphaerella occurring on Eucalyptus leaves.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Species of the ascomycete genus Mycosphaerella are regarded as some of the most destructive leaf pathogens of a large number of economically important crop plants. Amongst these, approximately 60 Mycosphaerella spp. have been identified from various Eucalyptus spp. where they cause leaf diseases collectively known as Mycosphaerella Leaf Disease (MLD). Species concepts for this group of fungi remain confused, and hence their species identification is notoriously difficult. Thus, the introduction of DNA sequence comparisons has become the definitive characteristic used to distinguish species of Mycosphaerella. Sequences ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Hunter GC, Wingfield BD, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Phaeoisariopsis griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot of bean.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Angular leaf spot of Phaseolus vulgaris is a serious disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola, in which two major gene pools occur, namely Andean and Middle-American. Sequence analysis of the SSU region of nrDNA revealed the genus Phaeoisariopsis to be indistinguishable from other hyphomycete anamorph genera associated with Mycosphaerella, namely Pseudocercospora and Stigmina. A new combination is therefore proposed in the genus Pseudocercospora, a name to be conserved over Phaeoisariopsis and Stigmina. Further comparisons by means of morphology, cultural characteristics, and DNA sequence analysis of the ITS, calmodu...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Liebenberg MM, Braun U, Groenewald JZ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Pestalotioid fungi from Restionaceae in the Cape Floral Kingdom.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Eight pestalotioid fungi were isolated from the Restionaceae growing in the Cape Floral Kingdom of South Africa. Sarcostroma restionis, Truncatella megaspora, T. restionacearum and T. spadicea are newly described. New records include Pestalotiopsis matildae, Sarcostroma lomatiae, Truncatella betulae and T. hartigii. To resolve generic affiliations, phylogenetic analyses were performed on ITS (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) and part of 28S rDNA. DNA data support the original generic concept of Truncatella, which encompasses Pestalotiopsis species having 3-septate conidia. The genus Sarcostroma is retained as separate from Seimatospo...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Lee S, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Species of Cercospora associated with grey leaf spot of maize.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Grey leaf spot is a serious yield-reducing disease of maize (Zea mays) in many parts of the world where this crop is cultivated. The causal organism associated with the disease is Cercospora zeae-maydis. Two potential sibling species have been recognized as Groups I and II. The DNA sequences for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 & ITS2), the 5.8S rRNA gene, elongation factor 1-alpha, histone H3, actin and calmodulin gene regions suggest that Groups I and II are two distinct species. Furthermore, Cercospora zeae-maydis (Group I) can be distinguished from C. zeina sp. nov. (Group II) by its faster growth rate on...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Groenewald M, Caldwell P, Braun U, Harrington TC Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Multi-gene phylogeny for Ophiostoma spp. reveals two new species from Protea infructescences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ophiostoma represents a genus of fungi that are mostly arthropod-dispersed and have a wide global distribution. The best known of these fungi are carried by scolytine bark beetles that infest trees, but an interesting guild of Ophiostoma spp. occurs in the infructescences of Protea spp. native to South Africa. Phylogenetic relationships between Ophiostoma spp. from Protea infructescences were studied using DNA sequence data from the beta-tubulin, 5.8S ITS (including the flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2) and the large subunit DNA regions. Two new species, O. phasma sp. nov. and O. palmiculminatum sp. nov. a...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Roets F, de Beer ZW, Dreyer LL, Zipfel R, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: species with clavate vesicles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study compares all known species of Cylindrocladium that have clavate vesicles. Several isolates were obtained from baited soils collected in various parts of the world, while others were associated with leaf litter or symptomatic plant hosts. Isolates were compared based on morphology, as well as DNA sequence data from their beta-tubulin and histone gene H3 regions. Cylindrocladium australiense and Cy. ecuadoriae, are described as new species, a decision based on morphology and molecular data. A group of isolates associated with toppling disease of banana in the West Indies is identified as Cy. flexuosum. ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Risède JM, Simoneau P, Hyde KD Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Neonectria liriodendri sp. nov., the main causal agent of black foot disease of grapevines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Black foot disease is a serious disease of grapevine crops in most areas where vines are grown. Mainly two species of Cylindrocarpon, C. destructans and C. macrodidymum, are associated with this disease. Recent studies have revealed a tremendous molecular variation within the former but only slight molecular variation within the latter, indicating that C. destructans presents a complex of several species The present study elucidates the taxonomic status of C. destructans-like isolates associated with black foot disease of grapevines. Grapevine isolates were studied morphologically, subjected to DNA analyses of their IT...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Halleen F, Schroers HJ, Groenewald JZ, Rego C, Oliveira H, Crous PW Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Botryosphaeria is a species-rich genus with a cosmopolitan distribution, commonly associated with dieback and cankers of woody plants. As many as 18 anamorph genera have been associated with Botryosphaeria, most of which have been reduced to synonymy under Diplodia (conidia mostly ovoid, pigmented, thick-walled), or Fusicoccum (conidia mostly fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled). However, there are numerous conidial anamorphs having morphological characteristics intermediate between Diplodia and Fusicoccum, and there are several records of species outside the Botryosphaeriaceae that have anamorphs apparently typical of Botryo...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Rheeder J, Marasas WF, Philips AJ, Alves A, Burgess T, Barber P, Groenewald JZ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Celoporthe dispersa gen. et sp. nov. from native Myrtales in South Africa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a survey for Cryphonectria and Chrysoporthe species on Myrtales in South Africa, a fungus resembling the stem canker pathogen Chrysoporthe austroafricana was collected from native Syzygium cordatum near Tzaneen (Limpopo Province), Heteropyxis canescens near Lydenburg (Mpumalanga Province) and exotic Tibouchina granulosa in Durban (KwaZulu-Natal Province). The fungus was associated with dying branches and stems on S. cordatum, H.canescens and T.granulosa. However, morphological differences were detected between the unknown fungus from these three hosts and known species of Chrysoporthe. The aim of this study was to c...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Nakabonge G, Gryzenhout M, Roux J, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

DNA sequence comparisons of Ophiostoma spp., including Ophiostoma aurorae sp. nov., associated with pine bark beetles in South Africa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: Scolytinae) are well-recognized vectors of Ophiostoma species. Three non-native bark beetle species infest various Pinus species in South Africa, and they are known to carry at least 12 different species of ophiostomatoid fungi. Some of these fungi have not been identified to species level. The aim of this study was to determine or confirm the identities of Ophiostoma species associated with bark beetles in South Africa using comparisons of DNA sequence data. Identities of Ophiostoma ips, O. floccosum, O. pluriannulatum, O. quercus and O. stenoceras were confirmed. Ophiostoma abietinum, O. pil...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Zhou X, de Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

A disease epidemic on Zizyphus mucronata in the Kruger National Park caused by Coniodictyum chevalieri.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study records a severe outbreak of a disease on Zizyphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. The causal agent of the disease was found to be Coniodictyum chevalieri, a fungus previously believed to be very rare. Detailed illustrations of the symptoms and fungus are presented in order to facilitate future studies. The known geographical distribution of Coniodictyum is presented in relation to the distribution of its host, and a short review of its systematic history is also given. This also treats an invalidly published species name in South Africa, which has confused the literature. A...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Maier W, Khoza T, Harmse N, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Phylogeny of the Quambalariaceae fam. nov., including important Eucalyptus pathogens in South Africa and Australia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The genus Quambalaria consists of plant-pathogenic fungi causing disease on leaves and shoots of species of Eucalyptus and its close relative, Corymbia. The phylogenetic relationship of Quambalaria spp., previously classified in genera such as Sporothrix and Ramularia, has never been addressed. It has, however, been suggested that they belong to the basidiomycete orders Exobasidiales or Ustilaginales. The aim of this study was thus to consider the ordinal relationships of Q. eucalypti and Q. pitereka using ribosomal LSU sequences. Sequence data from the ITS nrDNA were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship of ...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: de Beer ZW, Begerow D, Bauer R, Pegg GS, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Systematics of Hypocrea citrina and related taxa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from three genomic regions - the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat, a partial sequence of RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and a partial sequence of translation elongation factor (tef1) - were used to investigate the systematics of Hypocrea citrina and related species. A neotype specimen is designated for H. citrina that conforms to Persoon's description of a yellow effuse fungus occurring on leaf litter. Historical information and results obtained in this study provide the foundation for selection of a lectot...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Overton BE, Stewart EL, Geiser DM, Jaklitsch WM Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of nine species of Hypocrea with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma section Hypocreanum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat, a partial sequence of RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and a partial sequence of the large exon of tef1 (LEtef1) were used to investigate the taxonomy and systematics of nine Hypocrea species with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum. Hypocrea corticioides and H. sulphurea are reevaluated. Their Trichoderma anamorphs are described and the phylogenetic positions of these species are determined. Hypocrea sulphurea and H. subcitrina are distinct species...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Overton BE, Stewart EL, Geiser DM Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals

The Trichoderma koningii aggregate species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The morphological concept of Trichoderma koningii is found to include several species that differ from each other in details of phenotype (including conidium morphology, growth rate) and biogeography. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing partial sequences of the translation-elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), as well as fragments of actin and calmodulin genes, indicate that phenotypic characters typical of T. koningii evolved independently in three well-separated main lineages. Combined molecular and phenotype data lead to the development of a taxonomy with the recognition of twelve taxonomic species and one variety within th...
Source: Studies in Mycology - January 1, 2006 Category: Biology Authors: Samuels GJ, Dodd SL, Lu BS, Petrini O, Schroers HJ, Druzhinina IS Tags: Stud Mycol Source Type: journals