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(Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Source Type: journals

Molecular Aspects of MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the handful of “signature” changes that are known to occur, describes how some recent studies have shed light on changes beyond this signature, and finally discusses the impact of molecular pathology for practicing histopathologists. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Philip D. Da Forno, Gerald S. Saldanha Source Type: journals

Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Cutaneous MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Examination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has probably become the most popular method of early staging of patients who have cutaneous melanoma because SLN are considered to be the lymph nodes most likely to contain metastatic deposits; they can be examined in a more intense manner than in standard lymphadenectomy. There are several protocols to examine SLN but most of them use formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin with the addition of immunohistochemistry. By using these protocols, approximately 20% of patients who have cutaneous melanoma have melanoma cells in the SLN. Cur...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Victor G. Prieto Source Type: journals

Melanoma Margin AssessmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Primary cutaneous melanoma is treated by excisional surgery and careful histologic assessment of the specimen margins is a crucial component of pathology reporting. Surgical margins may be assessed by conventional transverse (bread-loaf) vertical sections, by en face vertical sections, or by en face oblique sections. Transverse techniques only sample a small percentage of the surgical margin. En face techniques are technically challenging but allow assessment of close to 100% of the margin. Margin assessment for melanoma removed from chronically sun-damage skin is difficult. Melanoma in situ shows contiguous mela...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Martin J. Trotter Source Type: journals

Acral Lentiginous MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Acral lentiginous melanoma is an uncommon skin malignancy that occurs with equal frequency in all races and has a worse prognosis than other types of melanoma; it presents as dark, irregular macules, papules, or nodules on the feet and, less commonly, the hands. The histologic findings of acral lentiginous melanoma are characterized by an asymmetric, poorly circumscribed proliferation of continuous single melanocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. Single melanocytes predominate over nests. The tumor must be distinguished from benign acral lentiginous nevi, which can display site-related atypia. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Melissa Peck Piliang Source Type: journals

Nevoid MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the key features of nevoid melanoma. Gross features, microscopic features, immunohistochemistry, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are also discussed. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: A. Hafeez Diwan, Alexander J. Lazar Source Type: journals

Desmoplastic MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a variant of spindle cell melanoma characterized by the presence of abundant fibrous matrix. It is typically found in the head and neck region on chronically sun-damaged skin of older individuals. Early detection is uncommon, because its clinical features are not distinctive. DM is prone to misdiagnosis not only clinically but also histologically. It may simulate a sclerosing melanocytic nevus and various benign and malignant nonmelanocytic lesions. Among melanomas said to be desmoplastic by various pathologists there is significant variation with regard to the extent of intratumoral...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Klaus J. Busam Source Type: journals

Spitz Nevi, Atypical Spitzoid Neoplasms, and Spitzoid MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Spitz nevi and melanoma represent benign and malignant counterparts commonly coupled in the same differential diagnosis. The precise distinction between the two entities remains an ongoing challenge in dermatopathology and surgical pathology. In past years, considerable work has been devoted to the assembly of criteria to permit exact diagnosis. Although diagnostic accuracy has improved, many lesions remain challenging to classify based solely upon conventional microscopic criteria. In this article, the clinical and histopathological attributes of Spitz nevi and spitzoid melanoma are reviewed. Lesions that cannot...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Daniel C. Zedek, Timothy H. McCalmont Source Type: journals

Blue Nevi and Related TumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article succinctly describes the common dermal dendritic proliferations and updates readers on newly classified entities and variants. The differential diagnosis of the main entities and strategies to distinguish them from their melanocytic and nonmelanocytic mimics is also presented. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Pushkar A. Phadke, Artur Zembowicz Source Type: journals

Nevi of Special SitesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Melanocytic nevi can have a wide range of histologic appearances. Within the spectrum of nevi, there exists a group that presents in certain anatomic locations with histologically worrisome features but nonetheless benign behavior. This group of nevi has been broadly categorized as nevi of special sites. The anatomic locations affected by this group include the embryonic milkline (breast, axillae, umbilicus, genitalia), flexural areas, acral surfaces, ear, and scalp. Nevi in these locations may be mistaken for melanomas because of their histologic appearance, resulting in inappropriate overtreatment of patients. ...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ashley R. Mason, Melinda R. Mohr, Laine H. Koch, Antoinette F. Hood Source Type: journals

Congenital Melanocytic NeviEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN), which are present at birth or appear shortly thereafter, and their main histologic features. Several histologic variants and histopathologic criteria that differentiate CMN from other nevi, such as atypical or dysplastic nevi, and from nevoid malignant melanoma, are discussed. Histologic pitfalls in the correct identification of lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia, pagetoid scatter, and proliferative nodules in the context of CMN are discussed. The risk for development of malignant melanoma in association with a congenital melanocytic nevus and variable causes for cha...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Maya Zayour, Rossitza Lazova Source Type: journals

Dysplastic NeviEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the gross, clinical and microscopic features; diagnosis; and prognosis of dysplastic nevi. The key features and pitfalls of diagnosing malignant melanoma, congenital nevus, and recurrent nevus are given. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Loren E. Clarke Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dermatopathology is an ever-changing field in the area of surgical pathology. Despite many advances, interpretation of melanocytic neoplasms remains a significant source of diagnostic difficulty encountered by surgical pathologists every day. “Is this lesion an unusual nevus?” and “Is this a subtle variant of melanoma?” are common dilemmas and questions faced on a daily basis. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Steven D. Billings Source Type: journals

Forthcoming IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Source Type: journals

IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Source Type: journals

Mucinous Lesions of the BreastEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Breast lesions associated with extracellular mucin production are uncommon and constitute a wide spectrum of lesions ranging from benign cyst to mucinous carcinoma. Intracytoplasmic mucin can be seen rarely in benign metaplasias but is a common finding in invasive and in situ carcinomas. In this article, we discuss the differential diagnosis of breast lesions associated with mucin production and other entities that show histologic changes that mimic mucin production. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Jeong Yun Shim, Aysegul A. Sahin Source Type: journals

Lesions of the NippleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Because of the singular anatomic structure of the nipple, some breast lesions only occur at this site. The overlying skin includes normal Toker cells near the duct orifices. These cells are occasionally so numerous as to be called Toker cell hyperplasia. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may involve nipple skin by direct extension from the underlying ducts (Paget disease of the nipple). The numerous skin appendages (eg, sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine glands) in the nipple and areola are the likely origin of syringomatous adenomas. At the duct orifices, the normal squamous epithelium dips into the breast for a sho...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Deborah A. Dillon, Susan C. Lester Source Type: journals

Spindle Cell Lesions of the BreastEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Spindle cell lesions of the breast represent a heterogeneous group of reactive and neoplastic disorders that commonly present diagnostic challenges. Arguably, the most important of these lesions to recognize is spindle cell carcinoma, a type of metaplastic carcinoma. This review focuses on those spindle cell lesions of the breast that are most likely to be encountered in clinical practice or that produce particular diagnostic difficulties. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Stuart J. Schnitt Source Type: journals

Use of Myoepithelial Cell Markers in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign, In situ, and Invasive Lesions of the BreastEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Immunohistochemical markers for myoepithelial cells are commonly used to distinguish invasive from noninvasive lesions in the breast. The approach takes advantage of the fact that conventional invasive carcinomas lack surrounding myoepithelial cells, whereas nearly all benign lesions and in situ carcinomas retain their myoepithelial cell layer. Although conceptually straightforward, the interpretation of myoepithelial cell markers can be complicated by misleading patterns of reactivity (such as stromal or tumor cell staining) or lack of reactivity (due to reduced numbers of myoepithelial cells or variable antige...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Adriana D. Corben, Melinda F. Lerwill Source Type: journals

Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of the BreastEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on encapsulated papillary carcinoma, a recently proposed term used to describe papillary carcinoma occurring within a cystically dilated duct. Previously considered a variant of papillary ductal carcinoma in situ, the finding that these lesions typically lack myoepithelial cells at their periphery has raised questions about their true nature. This article presents a practical approach to the diagnosis of encapsulated papillary carcinoma with a review of its histologic mimics and clinical significance. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Anna Marie Mulligan Source Type: journals

Update on Fibroepithelial Lesions of the BreastEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on current issues relating to fibroepithelial lesions, predominantly those with cellular stroma, and covers key pathologic features, differential diagnosis, and pitfalls. Phyllodes tumors are emphasized, including the histologic categorization and prognostic features of these lesions. The management of fibroepithelial lesions on needle core biopsy is reviewed. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Timothy W. Jacobs Source Type: journals

Lobular Carcinoma in Situ, Classical Type and Unusual VariantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The morphologic spectrum of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) includes the classical type and unusual variants recently described. In this article we review the morphology of LCIS and highlight ways to distinguish it from its morphologic mimickers. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Melissa Murray, Edi Brogi Source Type: journals

Flat Epithelial Atypia of the BreastEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Lesions of the breast characterized by enlarged terminal duct lobular units lined by columnar epithelial cells are being encountered increasingly in breast biopsy specimens. Some of these lesions feature cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells in which the lining cells exhibit cytologic atypia. The role of these lesions (recently designated “flat epithelial atypia” [FEA]) in breast tumor progression is still emerging. FEA commonly coexists with well-developed examples of atypical ductal hyperplasia, low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular neoplasia, and tubular carcinoma. These findings and those of recent ...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Laura C. Collins Source Type: journals

Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on histopathology, molecular characterization, carcinogenesis, clinical behavior, and treatment of these tumors. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Chad A. Livasy Source Type: journals

Differential Diagnosis of Proliferative Breast LesionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents s conceptual and practical understanding of these processes and their impact on subsequent cancer risk, with the intention of assisting the practicing pathologist render accurate and clinically relevant diagnoses for this frequently encountered set of mammary epithelial lesions. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Jean F. Simpson, Fouad I. Boulos Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Breast pathology can be challenging for all of us involved in diagnostic surgical pathology. Several areas of breast pathology are particularly difficult or problematic. Breast pathology is the focus of this issue of the Surgical Pathology Clinics series, and experts in the field have provided comprehensive reviews of commonly encountered problematic lesions in breast pathology, including proliferative epithelial lesions, fibroepithelial lesions, mucinous lesions, and spindle cell lesions. Additionally, this issue includes a state-of-the-art review of the use of myoepithelial markers in the differential diagnosis of benign...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Laura C. Collins Source Type: journals

Forthcoming IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Source Type: journals