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Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - October 9, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: journals

Patient SatisfactionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first refraction that I did In ophthalmology, (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - October 9, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael F. Marmor Tags: Time Oph Source Type: journals

Editorial: Introducing Genetics in OphthalmologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The editors of Survey of Ophthalmology recognize the heightened interest of physicians and the public in heritable ocular disorders and as a result are introducing a new section, Genetics in Ophthalmology. To date, the Current Research section of Survey has acted as the repository for information on advances in genetics as applied to ophthalmology; for example, the recent paper by Liu and colleagues highlights the potential for gene therapy in glaucoma. We will be soliciting papers of general interest on new advances in medical genetics as applied to ophthalmology and reviews that highlight the genetics of both rare and c...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - October 9, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ian M. MacDonald, Edward Cotlier Tags: Genetics in Ophthalmology Source Type: journals

Position Paper: The Need for Head-to-Head Studies Comparing Avastin versus LucentisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ophthalmological world is on edge as the title holder for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is under threat from an apparent amateur. These two challengers have yet to compete head-to-head under the same (study) conditions. Both competitors, ranibizumab (trade name Lucentis) and bevacizumab (trade name Avastin) are vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) inhibitors and both are derived from the same monoclonal antibody. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - October 9, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Christine Schmucker, Gerd Antes, Monika Lelgemann Tags: Therapeutic Reviews Source Type: journals

The Rainbow: From Ancient Greece to Modern OpticsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We provide a historical perspective on the rainbow, with a review of early research and observations regarding the rainbow's origin and a discussion of some of the major contributors to our current understanding of what the rainbow represents. An overview of the various types of rainbows is undertaken. We conclude with a discussion of the rainbow's link to refraction, light, the visual system, and perception. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - September 6, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ivan R. Schwab, W. Barry Lee, David Bisno Tags: History of Opthalmology Source Type: journals

The Operation Was a Success, but the Patient Cannot SeeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A 71-year-old African American woman presented with severe vision loss in her left eye one day following trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and retrobulbar anesthesia. She had a new left relative afferent pupillary defect and macular whitening. The optic disc appeared normal. Intraocular pressure and fluorescein angiography were normal. Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were elevated. Temporal artery biopsy was positive for giant cell arteritis. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - September 6, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Anne E. Semmer, Michael S. Lee, Mehran Taban, Scott Smith, Gregory Kosmorsky Tags: Clinical Challenges Source Type: journals

Characteristics of Orbital Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and Literature ReviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a case of an orbital mass that was a recurrence of multiple myeloma. A literature search was performed to evaluate the presentation characteristics of orbital multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma and primary (or solitary) extramedullary plasmacytoma. Past reports were analyzed for age, sex, symptoms at presentation, time from symptom onset to presentation, prior diagnosis before presentation for orbital symptoms, radiological characteristics, immunoglobulin subtype, and survival times. Less than half of published cases had orbital multiple myeloma as the primary presentation. Proptosis is the major presenting sign of ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Cat N. Burkat, Jeremy J. Van Buren, Mark J. Lucarelli Tags: Clinical Pathological Reviews Source Type: journals

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation as a New Therapy for the Acute Ocular Manifestations of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal NecrolysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and its more severe variant, toxic epidermal necrolysis, have relatively low overall incidence; however, this disease presents with high morbidity and mortality. The majority of patients develop ocular inflammation and ulceration at the acute stage. Due to the hidden nature of these ocular lesions and the concentration of effort toward life-threatening issues, current acute management has not devised a strategy to preclude blinding cicatricial complications. This review summarizes recent literature data, showing how sight-threatening corneal complications can progressively develop from ci...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 24, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Elizabeth Shay, Ahmad Kheirkhah, Lingyi Liang, Hossam Sheha, Darren G. Gregory, Scheffer C.G. Tseng Tags: Diagnostic and Surgical Techniques Source Type: journals

Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: journals

ErratumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Liang S.Y.-W., Lee G.A., and Shields D. Self-tonometry in Glaucoma Management—Past, Present and Future. Surv Opthalmol. 2009;54:450-462 On page 456, right column, of the above article, 3 μm was incorrectly published as 3 mm. The sentence should read, “For a corneal radius of 7.8 mm, a change in IOP of 1 mm Hg produces a change of 3 μm in the central corneal curvature.59,70” (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

The Conference BluesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Another meeting, Another greeting. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael F. Marmor Tags: Time Oph Source Type: journals

The Enigma of Galileo's Eyesight: Some Novel Observations on Galileo Galilei's Vision and His Progression to BlindnessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Galileo Galilei became blind. Before this happened he revealed that his left eye had always had less than perfect vision. A study of his written works, his handwriting, and the originals of the portraits undertaken during his lifetime indicate that this probably was the case. These portraits suggest that his left eye tended to lose fixation and that, at the age of 60, he suffered from a mucocoele of the right frontal sinus; but these conditions would not have caused blindness. Considering the systemic diseases from which he suffered over his lifetime, he could possibly have had a long standing uveitis with second...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Peter G. Watson Tags: History of Opthalmology Source Type: journals

Bernard Schwartz, MD, PhD, Founding Chair of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Founding Editor of Survey of OphthalmologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Bernard Schwartz, MD, PhD (1927–2007) was first and foremost a scholar. He was a teacher, serving as Professor of ophthalmology for many years at Tufts University; an administrator, chairing the department of ophthalmology for over 20 years; a clinician, practicing primarily in the field of glaucoma; a scientist with a broad interest in ophthalmic research; an historian, especially of medical history; and an editor, primarily of Survey of Ophthalmology. Throughout all of his activities, the central theme was always scholarship. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Thomas R. Hedges Tags: Remembrances of Things Past Source Type: journals

A Shot of AdrenalineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a young woman in whom this disorder was associated with the administration of epinephrine. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mays El-Dairi, M. Tariq Bhatti, Michael S. Vaphiades Tags: Clinical Challenges Source Type: journals

The Use of Vital Dyes in Ocular SurgeryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Vital dyes have advanced diagnosis and surgical technique in various specialties, including oncology, gastroenterology, and ophthalmology. In ocular surgery vital dyes are widely used in cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. Worldwide, intra-operative use of trypan blue during cataract surgery has enhanced visualization of the anterior capsule during capsulorrhexis, and patent blue has been recently licensed in Europe for cataract surgery. For chromovitrectomy, the vital dyes indocyanine green, infracyanine green, and brilliant blue stain the internal limiting membrane, and trypan blue and triamcinolone acetonide h...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Eduardo B. Rodrigues, Elaine F. Costa, Fernando M. Penha, Gustavo B. Melo, Juliana Bottós, Eduardo Dib, Bruno Furlani, Veronica C. Lima, Maurício Maia, Carsten H. Meyer, Ana Luisa Höfling-Lima, Michel E. Farah Tags: Diagnostic and Surgical Techniques Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural Features of Posterior Crocodile Shagreen of the CorneaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Three elderly patients with a clinical diagnosis of posterior crocodile shagreen of the cornea underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Each of the patients had the characteristic symmetrical, polygonal opacities with indistinct edges and intervening clear spaces in the central posterior corneal stroma. Electron microscopic examination of the keratoplasty specimens disclosed the presence of vacuoles throughout the corneal stroma, many of which contained electron-dense material. The vacuoles were observed with increasing density posteriorly and were most concentrated adjacent to the anterior banded portion of Descemet'...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michel J. Belliveau, Seymour Brownstein, Peter Agapitos, Ramon L. Font Tags: Clinical Pathological Review Source Type: journals

Radiation Therapy for Orbital Tumors: Concepts, Current Use, and Ophthalmic Radiation Side EffectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of orbital tumors and inflammatory disease. Both external beam teletherapy and implant brachytherapy radiation techniques are employed. External beam radiation therapy is the most common. It involves directing an external radiation source towards the eye, sinuses, and orbit. Whereas most patients are treated with linear accelerator–derived external beam radiation therapy, proton, neutron stereotactic radiosurgery, gamma knife, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy have become more available in developed countries. Radiation can be used alone or together wit...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Paul T. Finger Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Intraocular Pressure Change in Orbital DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this review is to offer an inclusive classification of orbital disease–related intraocular pressure change, not only for oculoplastics and glaucoma specialists, but also for general ophthalmologists. Various orbital conditions associated with increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma are comprehensively summarized, and pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options of these diseases are discussed. Graves disease, arterio-venous shunts, trauma, and orbital neoplasia, and other common conditions are discussed in detail; less frequent syndromes such as orbitocraniofacial deformities, phak...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 14, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Muhamed A. Nassr, Carrie L. Morris, Peter A. Netland, Zeynel A. Karcioglu Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Telemedicine for Retinopathy of Prematurity Diagnosis: Evaluation and ChallengesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder affecting low birth weight infants. Although timely diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications, ROP remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Limitations of current disease management strategies include extensive travel and logistical coordination requirements for ophthalmologists and neonatologists, decreasing availability of adequately trained ophthalmologists at the point of care, variability in how retinal findings are diagnosed and documented, and a growing need for ROP care worldwide. Stor...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 9, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Grace M. Richter, Steven L. Williams, Justin Starren, John T. Flynn, Michael F. Chiang Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Plus DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Our understanding of plus disease as an important sign for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has gradually been refined over the past 30 years. As a result of the Early Treatment for ROP (ETROP) randomized trial, the presence of plus disease is now the primary indication for laser treatment. Since the Cryotherapy for ROP trial first introduced a standard photograph as the minimum abnormality necessary for diagnosing plus disease, an intermediate level of vascular dilatation and tortuosity (pre-plus disease) has been defined. However, the recognition of plus disease remains problematic, primarily because of ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 9, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Bradley V. Davitt, David K. Wallace Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Understanding the Importance of IOP Variables in Glaucoma: A Systematic ReviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven means to slow or halt disease progression among those at higher risk of developing glaucoma and those with early to moderate or more advanced glaucoma. Recent publications have highlighted the potential for increased rates or likelihood of worsening glaucoma among those with larger IOP swings within defined time periods. The purpose of this systematic, comprehensive review and analysis of the literature was to assess the state of knowledge in the area of IOP changes over time and the po...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - August 9, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Marla B. Sultan, Steven L. Mansberger, Paul P. Lee Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Table of contentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: journals

An Ophthalmologic Non-lexicon: (A do-it-yourself poem)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
If you're an ophthalmologist You'll need no hints to get the gist (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael F. Marmor Tags: Time Oph Source Type: journals

The ACGME Outcome Project in Ophthalmology: Practical Recommendations for Overcoming the Barriers to Local Implementation of the National MandateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report our 5-year experience with an implementation matrix for translating the national ACGME mandate into local compliance. We identify the barriers encountered by our Task Force in local implementation and propose practice solutions based upon our experience for overcoming the cultural, institutional, financial, and other barriers to success. We hope that our institutional work and experience will stimulate other programs to participate more fully in the ACGME Outcomes Project. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Andrew G. Lee, Thomas Oetting, Hilary A. Beaver, Keith Carter Tags: Core Competencies in Ophthalmology Source Type: journals

Retinal Infarcts in a Patient with an Acute Confusional SyndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A 46-year-old man presented with acute confusional syndrome, ataxia, dysarthria, and right hemiparesthesia. Brain MRI showed small bilateral infarcts and fluorescein angiography revealed multiple peripheral retinal infarcts bilaterally. No visual loss was present, and no other organs were involved. The diagnosis of Susac syndrome (microangiopathy of the brain, retina and cochlea) was made and immunosuppressive therapy begun. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Elena Bitrian, Bernardo Sanchez-Dalmau, Molly E. Gilbert, Alfredo Adan, John O. Susac Tags: Clinical Challenges Source Type: journals

Mitomycin C in Corneal Refractive SurgeryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Mitomycin C has played a deciding role in the current revival of excimer laser surface ablation techniques. We review the literature regarding mechanism of action of mitomycin C, histological effects on the cornea, and indications, dose, exposure time, and toxicity of mitomycin C in corneal refractive surgery. Mitomycin C is an alkylating agent with cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects that reduces the myofibroblast repopulation after laser surface ablation and, therefore, reduces the risk of postoperative corneal haze. It is used prophylactically to avoid haze after primary surface ablation and therapeuticall...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Miguel A. Teus, Laura de Benito-Llopis, Jorge L. Alió Tags: Diagnostic and Surgical Techniques Source Type: journals

Gene Therapy Targeting Glaucoma: Where Are We?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In a chronic disease such as glaucoma, a therapy that provides a long lasting local effect with minimal systemic side effects, while circumventing the issue of patient compliance, is very attractive. The field of gene therapy is growing rapidly and ocular applications are expanding. Our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glaucoma is leading to greater specificity in ocular tissue targeting. Improvements in gene delivery techniques, refinement of vector construction methods, and development of better animal models combine to bring this potential therapy closer to reality. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Xuyang Liu, Carol A. Rasmussen, B'Ann T. Gabelt, Curtis R. Brandt, Paul L. Kaufman Tags: Current Research Source Type: journals

Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL) and the EyeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, or Batten disease, is the most common type of NCL in the United States and Europe. This devastating disorder presents with vision failure and progresses to include seizures, motor dysfunction, and dementia. Death usually occurs in the third decade, but some patients die before age twenty. Though the mechanism of visual failure remains poorly understood, recent advances in molecular genetics have improved diagnostic testing and suggested possible therapeutic strategies. The ophthalmologist plays a crucial role in both early diagnosis and documentation of progression of juve...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sara Bozorg, Denia Ramirez-Montealegre, Mina Chung, David A. Pearce Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Self-tonometry in Glaucoma Management—Past, Present and FutureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Diagnosis and management of glaucoma is significantly associated with intraocular pressure, but contemporary office-based measurements are not sufficient to discover diurnal changes and spikes, nor do they demonstrate the effect of medication and compliance. Patient-directed self-tonometry can be taken throughout the day and is therefore the subject of much discussion and research. In this article we review the history of self-tonometry devices and present technologies for the future. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Steve Y.-W. Liang, Graham A. Lee, David Shields Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Orbital Compartment Syndrome: The Ophthalmic Surgical EmergencyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Orbital compartment syndrome is an uncommon, ophthalmic surgical emergency characterized by an acute rise in orbital pressure. When intraorbital tension rises, damage to ocular and other intraorbital structures, including irreversible blindness, may occur if not promptly treated. The diagnosis of orbital compartment syndrome is completely clinical and early recognition and emergent orbital decompression (even prior to imaging) is essential in preventing permanent vision loss. Lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis remain the mainstays of management. More extensive incision of the orbital septum and orbital b...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Vanessa Lima, Benjamin Burt, Igal Leibovitch, Venkatesh Prabhakaran, Robert A. Goldberg, Dinesh Selva Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Posterior Segment Complications of Laser in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common surgical procedure for treatment of refractive errors worldwide. Most of its complications are related to the refractive outcome or to corneal and anterior segment injury and wound healing. We review published posterior segment complications of LASIK, current clinical and experimental hypotheses explaining the occurrence of these events, and their management and outcome. Vitreoretinal complications after LASIK are very rare, and a cause–effect relationship between LASIK and reported posterior segment complications has not been proven. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - June 25, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Alireza Mirshahi, Holger Baatz Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

“Lest We Forget: An Ophthalmological Crossword Puzzle”Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
1 A small area (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael F. Marmor Tags: Time Oph Source Type: journals

Editor's ResponseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
I am glad to learn that the ICO is seeking wide input for an ICD-11. Another recent development is that the National Center for Health Statistics announced that ICD-10 replaced ICD-9 for classifying mortality on death certificates as of January 1, 2009. An updated 2009 draft of ICD-10-CM has also been posted on their Web site (www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/icd9/icd10cm.htm) with an “anticipated implementation date” of October 1, 2013. Given the efforts in progress described by Drs Kashii and Colenbrandner to produce an ICD-11, it would be unfortunate if this next revision has to wait another decade or more after its ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: John W. Gittinger Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Is the Code Already Broken?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To the Editor: In response to Dr. Gittinger's editorial “Is the code already broken?” (Surv Ophthalmol 2008;53:425), we would like to offer the following information. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Satoshi Kashii, August Colenbrander Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Authors' ResponseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We thank Professor Belkin for his interest in our point/counterpoint article in which we argue that the differences between argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) are negligible and that ALT should continue to be considered the “gold standard.” He accuses us of applying a double standard by not providing a reference to our statement that “SLT can also result in significant peripheral anterior synechiae” [PAS], implying that this statement is anecdote only and that we do not acknowledge and similarly weight presentations at symposia regarding the repeatability of SLT. (Source: Su...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: James D. Brandt, Steven Mansberger, Hung Pham Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Can SLT Result in Significant Peripheral Anterior Synechiae?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To the Editor: On page 644 of the article “Argon laser trabeculoplasty versus selective laser trabeculoplasty” by Pham et al published in the November–December 2008 issue (Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53:641–54), the following sentence appears without a reference: “SLT can also result in significant peripheral anterior synechiae.” This statement seems to be untrue, and as far as I know there is no reference to such occurrences in the literature or in conference presentation. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael Belkin Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Authors' ResponseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We thank Drs. Erol and Topba for their input and interest in our review on intravitreal triamcinolone for macular edema. We agree with them that, although rare, clinicians and patients should be aware of the possibility of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis or acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA). This year another case report of CMV retinitis following IVTA occured in an immunocompetent patient. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shalesh Kaushal, Matthew Cunningham Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Complications of Intravitreal Triamcinolone AcetonideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To the Editor: Dr Matthew A. Cunnigham et al recently published a comprehensive review on intravitreal steroids for macular edema (Intravitreal steroids for macular edema. The past, the present and the future. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53:139–49). In this review, potential complications of intravitreal corticosteroid treatment were divided into steroid-related and injection-related adverse effects. Steroid-related side effects included primarily cataract formation and an elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP). Injection-related side effects included retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, bacterial endophthalmitis, non-in...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nazmiye Erol, Seyhan Topba Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Authors' ResponseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We thank Drs. Grosso and Panico for their interest in our review on intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) for macular edema, and for sharing her experience with intravitreal dexamethasone combined with ranibizumab for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion. We are curious as to the rationale for performing a 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy prior to the dexamethasone injection, versus simply injecting dexamethasone intravitreally without vitrectomy. It is well known that pars plana vitrectomy has inherent complications, including retinal breaks, post-operative retinal tears, cataract formation, to name a few. Addionally, Kuni...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shalesh Kaushaul, Matthew Cunningham Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Intravitreal Steroids for Macular EdemaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To the Editor: We would like to comment on the paper by Cunningham et al published in the March–April 2008 issue of Survey of Ophthalmology (Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53(2):139–49). (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Andrea Grosso, Claudio Panico Tags: Letters Source Type: journals

Franz Fankhauser: The Father of the Automated PerimeterEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Franz Fankhauser is known as the father of automated perimetry and of the q-switched Nd:YAG laser knife. His 15-year journey to computerize perimetry started in 1958 with unsuccessful attempts to automate kinetic perimetry. The switch to using static perimetry resulted in a breakthrough in 1973, and in 1975 the OCTOPUS perimeter came on the market. At the same time Fankhauser was working on the use of light sources for the treatment of ocular tissues. During his career, Fankhauser worked in very close collaboration with mathematicians, physicists, engineers. One of the most astonishing characteristics of Fankhaus...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Balder P. Gloor Tags: Remembrances of Things Past Source Type: journals

Feigned Visual Loss Misdiagnosed as Occult Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: Diagnostic Guidelines and Medical-legal IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The medical–legal problem of occult traumatic optic neuropathy diagnosed in patients who actually have feigned visual loss (malingering) is reviewed along with guidelines for suspecting and differentiating feigned visual loss from true traumatic optic neuropathy. We explain why we feel the term occult optic neuropathy is inappropriate and misleading, and the medical–legal consequences of this misdiagnosis are discussed. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nikolaos A. Mavrakanas, James S. Schutz Tags: Core Competencies in Ophthalmology Source Type: journals

Artery, Vein, Neither, Both?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Combined central retinal vein and central retinal artery occlusion is a rare complication of compressive or infiltrative optic nerve disease. In this case combined retinal arterial and venous occlusive disease was the presenting sign of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the optic nerve sheath. An optic nerve sheath biopsy led to the diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware that retinal vascular disease can be due to optic nerve disorders including metastatic carcinoma. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nathan T. Tagg, Andrew G. Lee, Nasreen A. Syed, Karl C. Golnik Tags: Clinical Challenges Source Type: journals

Choroideremia: New Findings from Ocular Pathology and Review of Recent LiteratureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Histopathology of young individuals affected by choroideremia is rarely available to allow correlation with the clinical presentation. A 30-year-old man with choroideremia died in a motor vehicle accident and one eye was subjected to histopathological examination. Immunoblot analysis of protein derived from white blood cells of a living brother, also affected with choroideremia, confirmed the absence of Rab escort protein-1, the normal CHM gene product. Direct sequencing of the coding region and adjacent splice sites of the CHM gene was undertaken on genomic DNA from the living brother and revealed a transition m...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ian M. MacDonald, Laurie Russell, Chi-Chao Chan Tags: Current Research Source Type: journals

Bevacizumab (Avastin) for the Treatment of Ocular DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The use of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) has greatly expanded since its introduction into ophthalmic care 3 years ago. A PubMed search on 1 August 2008 revealed 51 ocular disease processes that have been treated with bevacizumab. The majority of publications consist of case reports or retrospective case series and their number is increasing quickly. It is important to collate the experiences gained to date to properly inform our clinical decision making and improve the design of future clinical trials. Current studies cannot easily be combined in a meta-analysis given the lack of standardized data and the wi...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jonathan B. Gunther, Michael M. Altaweel Tags: Therapeutic Reviews Source Type: journals

The Management of Eyelid BurnsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Eyelid involvement is common in facial burns. Ocular sequelae, including corneal ulceration, are usually preventable and secondary to the development of eyelid deformities, exposure keratopathy, and rarely, orbital compartment syndrome. Early ophthalmic review and prophylactic ocular lubrication is mandatory in burns involving the eyelids. Early surgical intervention, often requiring repeat procedures, is indicated if eyelid retraction causing corneal exposure occurs. Permanent visual impairment is rare with such prompt management. No binding aphorisms exist regarding the tissue used for eyelid reconstruction, wi...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Raman Malhotra, Ijaz Sheikh, Baljit Dheansa Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Effects of Exercise on Ocular Physiology and DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Regular exercise is a healthy lifestyle choice with numerous benefits to general health. Ophthalmologists may face questions of the benefits or risks of exercise to eyes. Here the effects of acute exertion and regular physical activity on ocular physiology and disease are reviewed. Intraocular pressure is transiently reduced by dynamic exercise. For the great majority of patients exercise is beneficial to the eyes by reducing risk of central retinal vein occlusion and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and by improving control of systemic hypertension and diabetes. Ophthalmologists should be advocates ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jesse Gale, Anthony P. Wells, Graham Wilson Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Cardiovascular Risk and Antiangiogenic Therapy for Age-related Macular DegenerationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The neovascular form of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes most cases of severe blindness. Because vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a leading role in this disorder, several inhibitors of this molecule are being used in its treatment. However, VEGF has important functions in vascular pathophysiology. It enhances the development of collateral vessels that may supply blood to areas whose arteries are severely affected by atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, it may promote restoration of the damaged endothelium, a vessel layer that protects against the development of atherothrombosis, ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: José Tuñón, José María Ruiz-Moreno, José Luis Martín-Ventura, Luis M. Blanco-Colio, Oscar Lorenzo, Jesús Egido Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Topical Ophthalmic Cyclosporine: Pharmacology and Clinical UsesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Cyclosporine has been used successfully as a systemic immunomodulator for more than two decades, and numerous studies have investigated its mechanisms of action. In 2003 an ophthalmic formulation, cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion, was approved by the FDA to treat dry eye disease. Topical cyclosporine emulsion has also been investigated for treatment of other ocular surface disorders that may have an immune-based inflammatory component. In these trials, cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion has shown efficacy for management of posterior blepharitis, ocular rosacea, post-LASIK dry eye, contact lens intoleran...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Eric Donnenfeld, Stephen C. Pflugfelder Tags: Major Review Source Type: journals

Core Competencies in OphthalmologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Those of you not in academia may not be fully aware of a sea of change in residency training known as the “Outcome Project.” The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education is in an advanced stage of a transition from evaluating residency programs for their content (i.e., meeting written requirements, setting educational objectives, evaluating the residents and the program) to determining whether graduates of the program actually achieve the standards set. Residencies are required to use tools to assess residency competence and then, based on the results, make changes in the program that result in measurable i...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: John W. Gittinger Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals