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Obesity and its relationship to addictions: is overeating a form of addictive behavior?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity is a major public health problem and notoriously difficult to treat. There are many parallels between obesity/overeating and addictions to alcohol and drugs. This paper discusses similarities between obesity and addictive disorders, including common personality characteristics, disruptive behavior syndromes, and brain mechanisms. Although there are important differences between overeating and other addictive behaviors, an addiction model of overeating may effectively inform prevention and treatment of obesity. PMID: 19874165 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Barry D, Clarke M, Petry NM Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

The variety of ecstasy/MDMA users: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the potential heterogeneity of ecstasy or MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine) users. Data came from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression procedures were used to identify subtypes of ecstasy users. Approximately 1.6% (n = 562) of adult participants (N = 43,093) reported lifetime ecstasy use. LCA identified three subtypes of ecstasy users. Class 1 exhibited pervasive use of most drug classes (ecstasy-polydrug users, 37%). Class 2 reported a high rate of use of marijuana and coca...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Wu LT, Parrott AC, Ringwalt CL, Yang C, Blazer DG Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Characteristics of pathological gamblers with a problem gambling parent.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This analysis compares the characteristics of adult pathological gamblers with and without a problem gambling parent. A sample of 517 individuals with current DSM-IV pathological gambling was categorized based on presence of a parental problem gambler. Groups were compared on clinical characteristics, gambling severity, gambling-related problems, and psychiatric comorbidity. Although the groups were similar on most measures, pathological gamblers with at least one problem gambling parent were more likely to have a father with an alcohol abuse/dependence problem; have financial and legal problems; and report daily nicot...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Schreiber L, Odlaug BL, Kim SW, Grant JE Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Psychiatric comorbidity reduces quality of life in chronic methadone maintained patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the influence of the psychiatric comorbidity of MMT patients on their quality of life. A total of 193 middle-aged patients in long-term MMT were assessed for current and lifetime Axis I psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders using the MINI, the CIDI-SAM, and the SIDP-IV. Quality of life (Qol) was assessed using the EQ-5D. Psychiatric comorbidity was documented in 78% of the patients. Mood disorders (60%) and anxiety disorders (46%) were the most common diagnoses. Additional substance use disorders were diagnosed in 70% of the MMT patients. While a probable personality ...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Carpentier PJ, Krabbe PF, van Gogh MT, Knapen LJ, Buitelaar JK, de Jong CA Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Influence of verbal recall of a recent stress experience on anxiety and desire for cocaine in non-treatment seeking, cocaine-addicted volunteers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has long been postulated that stress increases the risk of drug abuse and relapse. The principal goal of this project was to evaluate the effects of verbal recall of a recent stress experience (specifically meaningful to each individual) on physiological and subjective measures in cocaine-addicted participants. Subjects described a recent stressful non-drug-related experience and a neutral non-stressful experience, and then completed mood and drug effect questionnaires, while heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. Participants (N = 25) were predominantly African American and male. As a group, participants used...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: De La Garza R, Ashbrook LH, Evans SE, Jacobsen CA, Kalechstein AD, Newton TF Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

A simple risk scoring system for prediction of relapse after inpatient alcohol treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Predicting relapse after alcoholism treatment can be useful in targeting patients for aftercare services. However, a valid and practical instrument for predicting relapse risk does not exist. Based on a prospective study of alcoholism treatment, we developed the Risk of Alcoholic Relapse Scale (RARS) using items taken from the Addiction Severity Index and some basic demographic information. The RARS was cross-validated using two non-overlapping samples, and tested for its ability to predict relapse across different models of treatment. The RARS predicted relapse to drinking within 6 months after alcoholism treatment in...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Pedersen MU, Hesse M Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Effects of a diagnosis or family history of alcoholism on the taste intensity and hedonic value of sucrose.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Given inconsistent findings in published studies, we examined whether a personal lifetime history of alcohol dependence (AD) or a parental history of alcoholism affected preference for sweet solutions. Ninety-three alcohol-dependent subjects rated the intensity and hedonic value of five different sucrose solutions, which was compared with similar data from 122 subjects screened to exclude alcohol dependence. The effect of a family history of alcoholism (FH) was examined in the AD group. Neither the diagnosis of AD nor a family history of alcoholism was associated with ratings of sweetness intensity or sweet preference....
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Tremblay KA, Bona JM, Kranzler HR Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Transient cocaine-associated behavioral symptoms rated with a new instrument, the scale for assessment of positive symptoms for cocaine-induced psychosis (SAPS-CIP).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chronic use of cocaine is associated with a variety of behavioral symptoms. The current report describes the assessment of cocaine-related behavioral symptoms (CRB) using the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms of Cocaine-Induced Psychosis (SAPS-CIP). The CRB section, one of the three domains in the SAPS-CIP, consists of sub-domains, including Aggressive/Agitated Behavior, Repetitive/Stereotyped Behavior, and Unusual Social or Sexual Behavior. Severity scores are assigned according to operational criteria, and range from 0 (not present) to 5 (severe). We interviewed 261 unrelated cocaine-abusing adults using the ...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Tang YL, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Farrer LA, Pearson D, Cubells JF Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Uses of diverted methadone and buprenorphine by opioid-addicted individuals in Baltimore, Maryland.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the uses of diverted methadone and buprenorphine among opiate-addicted individuals recruited from new admissions to methadone programs and from out-of-treatment individuals recruited from the streets. Self-report data regarding diversion were obtained from surveys and semi-structured qualitative interviews. Approximately 16% (n = 84) of the total sample (N = 515) reported using diverted (street) methadone two-three times per week for six months or more, and for an average of 7.8 days (SD = 10.3) within the past month. The group reporting lifetime use of diverted methadone as compared to the group that d...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Gwin Mitchell S, Kelly SM, Brown BS, Schacht Reisinger H, Peterson JA, Ruhf A, Agar MH, O'Grady KE, Schwartz RP Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

High-dose naltrexone therapy for cocaine-alcohol dependence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effects of high-dose (100 mg/d) naltrexone versus placebo in a sample of 87 randomized subjects with both cocaine and alcohol dependence. Medication conditions were crossed with two behavioral therapy platforms that examined whether adding contingency management (CM) that targeted cocaine abstinence would enhance naltrexone effects compared to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) without CM. Primary outcome measures for cocaine (urine screens) and alcohol use (timeline followback) were collected thrice-weekly during 12 weeks of treatment. Retention in t...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Schmitz JM, Lindsay JA, Green CE, Herin DV, Stotts AL, Gerard Moeller F Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Coerced childhood sexual abuse moderates the association between cigarette smoking initiation and college drug use frequency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study examined childhood sexual abuse (CSA) as a potential moderator of the "gateway theory" association of cigarette use onset and college drug use. Covariate adjusted hierarchical regressions showed that CSA history interacted with age of first cigarette to predict total 12-month illicit drug use frequency (Delta R(2) =.048, F(10, 76) = 4.041, Mse = 8.812, p =.021). Simple effects revealed that age of first cigarette predicted drug use frequency in individuals with CSA histories (p =.045) rather than non-CSA individuals (p =.103). Exploratory analyses further revealed that the CSA moderation was carried p...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Klanecky AK, Salvi S, McChargue DE Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Youth tobacco access and possession policy interventions: effects on observed and perceived tobacco use.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the effects of tobacco Purchase, Use and Possession (PUP) laws on student perceptions of adolescent tobacco use within towns and schools. Twenty-four towns were randomly assigned into two conditions, the experimental condition (E PUP) involved efforts to increase both PUP law enforcement and reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco, whereas the control condition (C) focused only on efforts to reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco. A hierarchical linear modeling analytical approach was selected due to the multilevel data and nested design. The present study found that over...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Jason LA, Pokorny SB, Adams M, Topliff A, Harris C, Hunt Y Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Addictive severity in cocaine addicts measured with the EuropASI: differences between composite scores and severity ratings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we present the addiction severity profile in a sample of 202 cocaine addicts, using the composite scores for each area of the EuropASI (European version of the ASI), which are compared with the severity ratings obtained through interviewers' subjective assessments. The results showed that the areas of the EuropASI which reflected the greatest severity according to the composite scores were, in the following order: employment/support, family/social situation, use of alcohol and psychiatric state. The results obtained with the composite scores show discrepancies with those obtained from the severity rating. Sta...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Sánchez-Hervás E, Secades-Villa R, José Santonja Gómez F, Zacarés Romaguera F, García-Rodríguez O Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Allopathic, complementary, and alternative medical treatment utilization for pain among methadone-maintained patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We surveyed 150 methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP) patients about pain, pain treatment utilization, perceived efficacy of prior pain treatment, and interest in pursuing pain treatment at the MMTP. Respondents with chronic severe pain (CSP) (ie, pain lasting at least six months with moderate to severe pain intensity or significant pain interference) and "some pain" (ie, pain reported in the previous week but not CSP) endorsed similar rates of past-week and lifetime allopathic or standard medical (with the exception of lifetime medical use of non-opiate medication) and complementary and alternative medicine (...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Barry DT, Beitel M, Cutter CJ, Garnet B, Joshi D, Schottenfeld RS, Rounsaville BJ Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Is implementation of the 5 A's of smoking cessation at community mental health centers effective for reduction of smoking by patients with serious mental illness?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We tested whether implementing the "5 A's" (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) at six mental health centers reduces smoking among persons with serious mental illness. One hundred and fifty six patients were evaluated just before initiating the 5 A's and after six and 12 months. A delayed control condition evaluated 148 patients six months before 5 A's implementation, just before and then after six months. Six months of the 5 A's produced no effect. Modest cessation and reduction benefits were noted after 12 months. Implementing the 5 A's at community mental health centers may have modest benefit after twelve months....
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Dixon LB, Medoff D, Goldberg R, Lucksted A, Kreyenbuhl J, DiClemente C, Potts W, Leith J, Brown C, Adams C, Afful J Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Retrospective safety analysis of atomoxetine in adult ADHD patients with or without comorbid alcohol abuse and dependence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This post hoc analysis compared the safety of atomoxetine treatment of ADHD in adults with or without comorbid alcohol abuse/dependence. Study completion rates in patients receiving atomoxetine were comparable between heavy drinkers (60.9%) and patients with no alcohol-use disorder (71.0%) but lower in nonheavy drinkers (35.7%); however, there was no significant difference in discontinuation rates due to adverse events or lack of efficacy among these groups. Alcohol-use disorder patients, especially heavy drinkers, generally experienced the greatest frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events in both the atomoxetine...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Adler L, Wilens T, Zhang S, Durell T, Walker D, Schuh L, Jin L, Feldman P, Trzepacz P Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Social support is associated with gambling treatment outcomes in pathological gamblers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined social support in pathological gamblers and its relationship with treatment outcomes. Low baseline social support was associated with increased severity of gambling, family, and psychiatric problems and poorer post-treatment outcomes. Further, social support assessed post-treatment was significantly related to severity of gambling problems at the 12-month follow-up. These findings demonstrate that social support plays an important role in moderating outcomes, and enhancing social support may be an important aspect of effective gambling treatments. PMID: 19874160 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Am...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Petry NM, Weiss L Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

An evaluation of the nature of marijuana use and its motives among young adult active users.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present investigation examined marijuana use, abuse, and dependence in relation to self-reported marijuana use behaviors and motives, as well as concurrent cigarette and problematic alcohol use among a sample of young adult current marijuana users (n = 200; 44.5% women; M(age) = 21.48, SD = 6.54). Preliminary results broadly indicated that more severe forms of marijuana use (eg, dependence) were associated with a more problematic pattern of marijuana use behavior, polysubstance use, and greater motivation to use marijuana for multiple reasons. Results are discussed in relation to better understanding the underlying...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Bonn-Miller MO, Zvolensky MJ Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Disproportionately high rate of epileptic seizure in patients abusing dextropropoxyphene.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dextropropoxyphene (DPP), a weak opioid, is often abused as a psychoactive substance. In this retrospective chart review to document, characterize and put in perspective the often-obtained history of epileptic seizures in patients with DPP abuse, we analyzed the case files of all patients with DPP abuse registered in our center (a tertiary-care drug de-addiction clinic in north India) from May 1, 2001 until April 30, 2007 and those with use of other opioids during the same period. Non-drug-related seizures were excluded from analysis. Out of 312 patients with DPP abuse, 63 (20.2%) had epileptic seizures related to DPP ...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Basu D, Banerjee A, Harish T, Mattoo SK Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Relationship between cigarette use and mood/anxiety disorders among pregnant methadone-maintained patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the association between cigarette use and current mood/anxiety disorders among pregnant opioid-dependent patients. Pregnant methadone-maintained women (N = 122) completed the Addiction Severity Index and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Participants were categorized based on past 30 days cigarette use: no (n = 15) and any smoking (n = 107); this latter group was then subdivided into light (one to ten cigarettes/day; n = 55), and heavy smokers (11+ cigarettes/day; n = 52). Any smoking was significantly associated with any current mood/anxiety disorder (p < 0.001), any current mood disorde...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Chisolm MS, Tuten M, Brigham EC, Strain EC, Jones HE Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Sleep impairment in ecstasy/polydrug and cannabis-only users.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study investigated aspects of sleep quality in ecstasy and cannabis users. Two-hundred and twenty seven participants (117 ecstasy/polydrug users, 53 cannabis users and 57 drug naive participants) took part. The participants completed measures of daytime sleepiness, and indicators of sleep quality. The results demonstrated that ecstasy/polydrug users viewed themselves as being more evening types and having poorer sleep quality than cannabis users and drug naive participants. They were also more likely to have missed a night's sleep. The reported differences in sleep type may reflect ecstasy-related serotoner...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - September 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Fisk JE, Montgomery C Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Plasticity of addiction: a mesolimbic dopamine short-circuit?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The development of drug addiction progresses along a continuum from acute drug use to compulsive use and drug seeking behavior. Many researchers have focused on identifying the physiological mechanisms involved in drug addiction in order to develop effective pharmacotherapies. Neuroplasticity, the putative mechanism underlying learning and memory, is modified by drugs of abuse and may contribute to the development of the eventual addicted state. Innovative treatments directly targeting these drug-induced changes in brain reward components and circuits may be efficacious in reducing drug use and relapse. PMID: 19444...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Niehaus JL, Cruz-Bermudez ND, Kauer JA Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

The kappa-opiate receptor impacts the pathophysiology and behavior of substance use.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is increasing evidence that the kappa-opiate receptor, in addition to the mu-opiate receptor, plays an important role in substance use pathophysiology and behavior. As dopamine activity is upregulated through chronic substance use, kappa receptor activity, mediated through the peptide dynorphin, is upregulated in parallel. Dynorphin causes dysphoria and decreased locomotion, and the upregulation of its activity on the kappa receptor likely dampens the excitation caused by increased dopaminergic activity. This feedback mechanism may have significant clinical implications for treating drug dependent patients in var...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Mysels D Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Engagement and retention in outpatient alcoholism treatment for women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reviews of the dropout literature note significant attrition from addiction treatment. However, consistent predictors have not been identified and few studies have examined factors related to retention and engagement for women in gender-specific treatment. The current study consisted of 102 women and their partners randomized to individual or couples outpatient alcoholism treatment. Women attended more treatment sessions if they were assigned to individual treatment, older, had fewer symptoms of alcohol dependence, had more satisfying marital relationships, had spouses who drank, and had matched preference for treatmen...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Graff FS, Morgan TJ, Epstein EE, McCrady BS, Cook SM, Jensen NK, Kelly S Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

HIV risk behavior in opioid dependent adults seeking detoxification treatment: an exploratory comparison of heroin and oxycodone users.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined HIV risk behaviors in heroin (n = 27) and oxycodone (n = 23) users seeking inpatient detoxification at a private psychiatric hospital. Drug use histories were similar, except oxycodone users used marijuana more frequently. Injection drug risk occurred exclusively among heroin users. The rates of sexual activity (66%), unprotected intercourse (69%), sex while intoxicated (74%), and sex with strangers (24%) were similar, but more oxycodone users had multiple partners (39% vs. 6%, p < .05). HIV prevention efforts should target both heroin and oxycodone users. PMID: 19444732 [PubMed - in process] (So...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Meade CS, McDonald LJ, Weiss RD Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Theories of addiction: methamphetamine users' explanations for continuing drug use and relapse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A variety of preclinical models have been constructed to emphasize unique aspects of addiction-like behavior. These include Negative Reinforcement ("Pain Avoidance"), Positive Reinforcement ("Pleasure Seeking"), Incentive Salience ("Craving"), Stimulus Response Learning ("Habits"), and Inhibitory Control Dysfunction ("Impulsivity"). We used a survey to better understand why methamphetamine-dependent research volunteers (N = 73) continue to use methamphetamine, or relapse to methamphetamine use after a period of cessation of use. All participants met DSM-IV criteria for methamphetamine abuse or dependence, and did not m...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Newton TF, De La Garza R, Kalechstein AD, Tziortzis D, Jacobsen CA Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Intermittent marijuana use is associated with improved retention in naltrexone treatment for opiate-dependence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined, in an independent sample, a previously observed association between moderate cannabis use and improved retention in naltrexone treatment. Opioid dependent patients (N = 63), admitted for inpatient detoxification and induction onto oral naltrexone, and randomized into a six-month trial of intensive behavioral therapy (Behavioral Naltrexone Therapy) versus a control behavioral therapy (Compliance Enhancement), were classified into three levels of cannabis use during treatment based on biweekly urine toxicology: abstinent (0% cannabis positive urine samples); intermittent use (1% to 79% cannabis positive ...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Raby WN, Carpenter KM, Rothenberg J, Brooks AC, Jiang H, Sullivan M, Bisaga A, Comer S, Nunes EV Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Reasons for quitting smoking prior to a self-quit attempt among smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder or other anxiety/mood psychopathology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present investigation examined intrinsic and extrinsic reasons for quitting among daily cigarette smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as compared to clinical daily smokers with other anxiety and mood disorders (AM) and daily smokers with no current Axis I psychopathology (C) prior to a self-guided quit attempt. It was hypothesized that (1) the PTSD group would report greater intrinsic (ie, self-control and health concerns) reasons for quitting smoking, and (2) among those with PTSD, anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety; AS) would predict greater intrinsic reasons for quitting smoking. Participants wer...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Marshall EC, Vujanovic AA, Kutz A, Gibson L, Leyro T, Zvolensky MJ Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Cigarette smoking among opioid-dependent clients in a therapeutic community.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines smoking behavior in a sample of 231 opioid-dependent clients entering therapeutic community treatment, and investigates the relationship between smoking behavior and drug treatment outcomes. We applied regression analyses for selected Addiction Severity Index composites (alcohol, drug, medical, psychiatric), including factors for smoking (number of cigarettes per day, expired-air carbon monoxide level, nicotine dependence), time (baseline, 6 and 12-month), and smoking-by-time interaction. This study confirmed a high smoking prevalence (95%) among opioid users. Among participants interviewed at all time ...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Chun J, Haug NA, Guydish JR, Sorensen JL, Delucchi K Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Psychopathology of injecting abuser.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19444738 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z, Ahmadvand A Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Delusional parasitosis following heroin withdrawal: a case report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19444739 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Mowla A, Asadipooya K Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Comment on "Outcomes of DATA certification trainings for the provision of buprenorphine treatment in the Veterans Health Administration".Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19444740 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Small MD Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

The effect of cannabis compared with alcohol on driving.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The prevalence of both alcohol and cannabis use and the high morbidity associated with motor vehicle crashes has lead to a plethora of research on the link between the two. Drunk drivers are involved in 25% of motor vehicle fatalities, and many accidents involve drivers who test positive for cannabis. Cannabis and alcohol acutely impair several driving-related skills in a dose-related fashion, but the effects of cannabis vary more between individuals than they do with alcohol because of tolerance, differences in smoking technique, and different absorptions of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient i...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Sewell RA, Poling J, Sofuoglu M Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Are women at greater risk? An examination of alcohol-related consequences and gender.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the unique effect of gender on individual alcohol problems by controlling both consumption and intoxication in a sample of 1,331 undergraduate drinkers. Gender independently influenced the risk of experiencing seven of nine negative consequences: (a) being female increased risk for tolerance, blacking out, passing out, drinking after promising not to, and getting injured; (b) being male increased risk for damaging property and going to school drunk. Gender patterns should be explored in a wider set of alcohol-related problems. PMID: 19340637 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Sugarman DE, Demartini KS, Carey KB Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Auditory P300 event-related potentials and neurocognitive functions in opioid dependent men and their brothers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Event-related-potentials (especially P300) and cognitive functioning as potential endophenotypes have not been studied in opioid dependence. We compared auditory P300 and cognitive functions in opioid-dependent men, their brothers and normal controls in an exploratory study with a view to find shared genetic factors in the development of opioid dependence. Twenty abstinent opioid-dependent males, their brothers and twenty matched controls were administered Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), digit span test, trail making test-B, and auditory event-related potentials (P300) from an oddball task were recorded. The opioid...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Singh SM, Basu D, Kohli A, Prabhakar S Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Heterogeneity of stimulant dependence: a national drug abuse treatment clinical trials network study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the presence of DSM-IV subtyping for dependence on cocaine and amphetamines (with versus without physical dependence) among outpatient stimulant users enrolled in a multisite study of the Clinical Trials Network (CTN). Three mutually exclusive groups were identified: primary cocaine users (n = 287), primary amphetamine users (n = 99), and dual users (cocaine and amphetamines; n = 29). Distinct subtypes were examined with latent class and logistic regression procedures. Cocaine users were distinct from amphetamine users in age and race/ethnicity. There were four distinct classes of primary cocaine users:...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Wu LT, Blazer DG, Patkar AA, Stitzer ML, Wakim PG, Brooner RK Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone in the treatment of concurrent alcohol use disorder and pathological gambling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The efficacy of naltrexone as a treatment for concurrent alcohol abuse or dependence and pathological gambling was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty-two, mostly male, subjects were recruited from the community and received 11 weeks of medication during which cognitive-behavioral counseling was also provided. No significant group differences were found on any alcohol or gambling variable (ie, frequency, quantity, expenditures) at post-treatment or at the one year follow-up. However, a strong time effect was found suggesting that treatment, in general, was effective. The use of nalt...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Toneatto T, Brands B, Selby P Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Relationship between Multiple Forms of Maltreatment by a Parent or Guardian and Adolescent Alcohol Use.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effect of the co-occurrence of multiple categories of maltreatment on adolescent alcohol use. Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health which used a nationally representative sample of adolescents (n = 14,078). Among those reporting any maltreatment, over one-third had experienced more than one type of maltreatment. Logistic regression models found that all types or combinations of types of maltreatment except physical-abuse-only were strongly associated with adolescent alcohol use, controlling for age, gender, race, and parental alcoholism. These results add to accumulatin...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Shin SH, Edwards E, Heeren T, Amodeo M Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Pathways from adolescent parent-child conflict to substance use disorders in the fourth decade of life.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This 24-year community longitudinal study provides important information regarding parent-child conflict in adolescence (mean ages 14-16), vulnerable personality attributes and peer deviance in the twenties (mean age 22), and marital conflict and partner's illicit drug use in the late twenties and early thirties (mean ages 27-32) as related to a later diagnosis of substance use disorders (SUDs) in the thirties (mean ages 32-37). A community-based sample was interviewed between 1975 and 2007. Results based in structural equation modeling indicated that a weak parent-child bond was related to the development of drug-cond...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Brook JS, Brook DW, Zhang C, Cohen P Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

The use of messages in altering risky gambling behavior in college students: an experimental analogue study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effects of messages on altering risky gambling behavior in college students. While playing a chance-based computerized game with play money, three groups of participants either viewed occasional accurate messages that correctly described the contingencies of the game, neutral messages unrelated to the contingencies, or no messages. Participants in the accurate message condition spent overall less money gambling, played fewer trials in the final phase of the game when all trials resulted in losses, and were more likely to quit the game while they still had money remaining in the bank. The findings su...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Jardin B, Wulfert E Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Increase in fatal methamphetamine overdoses in a canadian setting.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19340644 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Wood E, Lai C, Marshall BD, Kerr T Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Response to "Methadone Maintenance vs. Methadone Taper during Pregnancy" Paper.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19340645 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - April 6, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Newman R Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Cautionary Guidelines for the Use of Opioids in Chronic Pain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Guidelines for the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain have recently been proposed by the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. Older guidelines proposed by American pain organizations had the effect of liberalizing opioid prescription. In recent years, dramatic increases in prescribed opioids have been followed by equally dramatic rises in morbidity and mortality from prescription opioids. In addition, new research has increased knowledge of the long-term effects of opioids. These new guidelines propose increased caution in regard to opioid prescription for chronic pain. PMID: 19219659 [PubMed - as...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Streltzer J, Ziegler P, Johnson B Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Opioid Deaths in Rural Virginia: A Description of the High Prevalence of Accidental Fatalities Involving Prescribed Medications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In rural Virginia, drug overdose deaths increased 300% from 1997 to 2003. Polydrug deaths predominate (57.9%) in this review of 893 medical examiner cases. Prescription opioids (74.0%), antidepressants (49.0%), and benzodiazepines (39.3%) were more prevalent than illicit drugs. Two-thirds of decedents were 35-54 years old; 37% were female. When compared to western Virginia metropolitan cases, polydrug abuse was more common, specific medication combinations were found, the death rate per population was higher, and fewer illicit drugs were detected. These rural prescription overdose deaths differ from urban illicit drug ...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Wunsch MJ, Nakamoto K, Behonick G, Massello W Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Treatment Challenges Associated with Comorbid Substance Use and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Clinicians' Perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A significant proportion of individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) meet criteria for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This comorbidity confers a more complicated clinical presentation that carries with it formidable treatment challenges for practitioners. The current study examined sources of difficulty and gratification among clinicians (N = 423) from four national organizations who completed an anonymous questionnaire. As expected, the findings revealed that comorbid SUD/PTSD was rated as significantly more difficult to treat than either disorder alone. The most common challenges associated wit...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Back SE, Waldrop AE, Brady KT Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

The Inclusion of Women and Minorities in Smoking Cessation Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assesses the impact of the 1993 NIH Revitalization Act on the inclusion and subgroup analysis of women and minorities in trials of FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Female representation, while commensurate with population levels, declined significantly for trials that began recruitment after 1993(M = 47.2% vs. M = 53.9%), and fewer than half reported analyses by gender. Minorities continued to be under-represented in later trials; however, significant improvement in representation (M = 16.1% vs. M = 10%) and analysis by race occurred. Industry-sponsored studies had lower minority representation th...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Dickerson DL, Leeman RF, Mazure CM, O'Malley SS Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Alcohol and Injury in the United States General Population: A Risk Function Analysis from the 2005 National Alcohol Survey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A risk function analysis of data is reported from the 2005 National Alcohol Survey on average daily volume of alcohol and frequency of consuming five or more drinks per day with reporting any injury during the preceding year, an injury that was treated, or an injury that was treated in the emergency room (ER). Data suggest the association of alcohol and injury based on ER studies is not representative of all injuries, and should be taken into account in deriving estimates of risk of injury related to alcohol and alcohol-attributable fractions based on ER studies. PMID: 19219663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Prediction of Cannabis Use Disorder between Boyhood and Young Adulthood: Clarifying the Phenotype and Environtype.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Employing a prospective paradigm, this investigation derived the childhood phenotype and the environtype associated with risk for cannabis use disorder. Two hundred and sixteen boys were evaluated between age 10-12 on a comprehensive protocol using self, mother, and teacher reports and followed-up at ages 19 and 22 to determine the presence of cannabis use disorder. The Transmissible Liability Index (TLI) and Non-Transmissible Liability Index (NTLI) were derived using item response theory. Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the indexes, singly and in combination, to predict cannabis use disor...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Kirisci L, Tarter R, Mezzich A, Ridenour T, Reynolds M, Vanyukov M Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

Olanzapine in Cocaine Dependence: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preclinical and uncontrolled human studies have suggested the possible efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, in treating cocaine dependence. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 48 cocaine-dependent subjects received olanzapine or identical-appearing placebo for 16 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of cocaine-negative weekly urine screens during treatment. Secondary measures included scores on a Craving Questionnaire, Addiction Severity Index subscales, and extrapyramidal symptom scales. Olanzapine and placebo did not differ on a...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Hamilton JD, Nguyen QX, Gerber RM, Rubio NB Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals

A Preliminary Trial: Double-Blind Comparison of Nefazodone, Bupropion-SR, and Placebo in the Treatment of Cannabis Dependence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study investigated the efficacy of nefazodone and bupropion-sustained release for treating cannabis dependence. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, piggy back design was employed to assess if nefazodone and bupropion-sustained release increased the probability of abstinence from cannabis and reduced the severity of cannabis dependence and cannabis withdrawal symptoms during a 13-week outpatient treatment program. One-hundred and six participants (Mean = 32 years; females n = 25) were randomized to one of three medication conditions (nefazodone, bupropion-sustained release, or placebo) and participated in a ...
Source: The American Journal on Addictions - January 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Carpenter KM, McDowell D, Brooks DJ, Cheng WY, Levin FR Tags: Am J Addict Source Type: journals