Sexual dimorphism of digit ‐length ratio in a viviparous lizard: Influence of age, but not preservation state or sex of inter‐uterine twin
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 15, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nikita Woodhead, Kelly M. Hare, Alison Cree Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Quantitative analysis of the maturation of the main and accessory olfactory systems in monotremes and metatherians in comparison to rodents and humans
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 15, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ken W. S. Ashwell, Boaz Shulruf Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

“Ultrastructure of highly ordered granules in alveolar type II cells in several species”
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 15, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Marian L Miller, Aleksey Porollo, Susan Wert Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Comments on the serial homology and homologues of vertebral lateral projections in Crocodylia (Eusuchia)
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Rafael Gomes de Souza Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Central and Peripheral Expression of DNA Double ‐Strand Breaks in Human and Mouse Tissues
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 22, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mia P. Castiglione, Raddy L. Ramos, Joerg R. Leheste, German Torres Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Reducing ‐autophagy derived mitochondrial dysfunction during resveratrol promotes FLS cell apoptosis
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 20, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wei Cao, Junqiang Zhang, Gaoyuan Wang, Jinsen Lu, Taorong Wang, Xiaoyu Chen Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Variations of the circle of Willis at the end of the human embryonic period
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 19, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kana Furuichi, Aoi Ishikawa, Chigako Uwabe, Haruyuki Makishima, Shigehito Yamada, Tetsuya Takakuwa Tags: AR Wow ‐ Video Article Source Type: research

Young's Modulus and Load Complexity: Modeling their Effects on Proximal Femur Strain
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 16, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Adam D. Sylvester, Patricia A. Kramer Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Morphological Spectra of Adult Human Stellate Ganglia: Implications for Thoracic Sympathetic Denervation
Conclusions: SG appear in three major forms and contain varying distributions of somata. Larger studies are warranted to define the relationship between gross anatomy and distribution of neuronal somata to improve the efficacy of CSD in treating VAs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 16, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Oh Jin Kwon, Shrita Pendekanti, Jacob N. Fox, Jane Yanagawa, Michael C. Fishbein, Kalyanam Shivkumar, H. Wayne Lambert, Olujimi Ajijola Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Regional structural and functional specialisations in the urethra of the female rat: evidence for complex physiological control systems
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 16, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Monica Eggermont, Stefan De Wachter, Jane Eastham, James Gillespie Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Issue Information ‐ Information for Authors
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Issue Information ‐ Information for Authors Source Type: research

Muscle Functional Morphology in Paleobiology: The Past, Present, and Future of “Paleomyology”
ABSTRACT Our knowledge of muscle anatomy and physiology in vertebrates has increased dramatically over the last two‐hundred years. Today, much is understood about how muscles contract and about the functional meaning of muscular variation at multiple scales. Progress in muscle anatomy has profited from the availability of broad comparative samples, advances in microscopy have permitted comparisons at increasingly finer scales, and progress in muscle physiology has profited from many carefully designed and executed experiments. Several avenues of future work are promising. In particular, muscle ontogeny (growth and develo...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jonathan M. G. Perry, Kristen A. Prufrock Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

How the Brain May Have Shaped Muscle Anatomy and Physiology: A Preliminary Study
ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle fibers are often used to evaluate functional differences in locomotion. However, because there are energetic differences among muscle fiber cells, muscle fiber composition could be used to address evolutionary questions about energetics. Skeletal muscle is composed of two main types of fibers: Type I and II. The difference between the two can be reduced to how these muscle cells use oxygen and glucose. Type I fibers convert glucose to ATP using oxygen, while Type II fibers rely primarily on anaerobic metabolic processes. The expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH) proposes that the energetic demands impo...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Magdalena N. Muchlinski, Holden W. Hemingway, Juan Pastor, Kailey M. Omstead, Anne M. Burrows Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Leg Muscle Architecture in Primates and Its Correlation with Locomotion Patterns
ABSTRACT Bone biomechanical studies indicate that leg bone structure can be related to different locomotor patterns. The osteological correlates of extant primates’ locomotion patterns and substrate use are important to consider when estimating corresponding behaviors of extinct primates. Here, we test if these same patterns are seen in the differences in leg muscular architecture. Muscle mass, fascicle lengths (FL), physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA), reduced PCSA (RPCSA) and tendon‐to‐muscle belly ratio were studied in 33 primate species (6 strepsirrhines, 14 platyrrhines and 13 catarrhines). Muscles were ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Damiano Marchi, Carissa L. Leischner, Francisco Pastor, Adam Hartstone ‐Rose Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Why Do Knuckle ‐Walking African Apes Knuckle‐Walk?
ABSTRACT Among living mammals, only the African apes and some anteaters adopt knuckle‐walking as their primary locomotor behavior. That Pan and Gorilla both knuckle‐walk has been cited as evidence of their common ancestry and a primitive condition for a combined Homo, Pan, and Gorilla clade. Recent research on forelimb ontogeny and anatomy, in addition to recently described hominin fossils, indicate that knuckle‐walking was independently acquired after divergence of the Pan and Gorilla lineages. Although the large‐bodied, largely suspensory orangutan shares some aspects of the African ape bauplan, it does not regul...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Scott W. Simpson, Bruce Latimer, C. Owen Lovejoy Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research