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Socio-political context and accounts of national identity in adolescence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Psychological research into national identity has considered both the banal quality of nationalism alongside the active, strategic construction of national categories and boundaries. Less attention has been paid to the conflict between these processes for those whose claims to national identity may be problematic. In the present study, focus groups were conducted with 36 Roman Catholic adolescents living in border regions of Ireland, in which participants were asked to talk about their own and others' Irish national identity. Discursive analysis of the data revealed that those in the Republic of Ireland strategically d...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - November 4, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stevenson C, Muldoon OT Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Majority members' acculturation goals as predictors and effects of attitudes and behaviours towards migrants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Migration causes permanent processes of acculturation involving migrants but also members of mainstream society. A longitudinal field study with 70 German majority members investigated how their acculturation goals causally related to their attitudes and behaviours towards migrants. We distinguished acculturation goals concerning the migrants' culture(s) (what migrants should do) and acculturation goals concerning the usually neglected own changing mainstream culture. Both were conceived along the two dimensions of 'culture maintenance' and 'culture adoption'. Cross-sectionally we found many strong links between accult...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Geschke D, Mummendey A, Kessler T, Funke F Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Does time reduce resistance to out-group critics? An investigation of the persistence of the intergroup sensitivity effect over time.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Group-directed criticism typically arouses greater defensiveness when it stems from an out-group member as opposed to an in-group member (the intergroup sensitivity effect). In light of work on the sleeper effect, the current research examines whether this defensiveness persists over time. Students received criticism of their faculty area from either a member of the same faculty area (in-group condition), or a member of a different faculty area (out-group condition), or they received no criticism (control condition). Despite relatively poor recall of the content of the criticism, the intergroup sensitivity effect (ISE)...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hiew DN, Hornsey MJ Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The positive feedback bias as a response to self-image threat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This research examined whether Whites favourably bias their feedback to minorities in order to see themselves as egalitarian. White teacher trainees first had their egalitarian self-images affirmed, left unchanged, or threatened. They then provided feedback on a poorly written essay supposedly authored by either a Black or a White student. As predicted, trainees in the Black writer/self-image threat condition selectively rated essay content more favourably, recommended less time for skill development, provided more favourable copy-editing comments, and generated more equivocating 'buffers'. In contrast, trainees in the...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - October 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Harber KD, Stafford R, Kennedy KA Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

What will the others think? In-group norms as a mediator of the effects of intergroup contact.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The influence of social norms in the context of intergroup relations has long been recognized by social psychologists, yet research on intergroup contact and social norms have usually remained disconnected. We explored the influence of direct and indirect friendship on attitudes towards ethnic minorities in Norway, and in particular the role of in-group norms about the social approval of intergroup contact as a mechanism that distinguishes direct from indirect contact. Using a sample of school students from 89 classrooms (N=823), we tested this hypothesis with both one level and multi-level structural equation modellin...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - October 4, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: De Tezanos-Pinto P, Bratt C, Brown R Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Pro-environmental actions, climate change, and defensiveness: Do self-affirmations make a difference to people's motives and beliefs about making a difference?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Social concerns with the imperative of environmentally sustainable life-styles sit rather awkwardly with ideas about the widespread denial of global environmental problems. Given the very obvious threat and denial dimensions to these issues, we conducted two studies assessing the impact of self-affirmation manipulations on people's beliefs and motives regarding pro-environmental actions. In Study 1, participants (N=125) completed a self-affirmation task and read information on the threat of climate change. Results showed that the self-affirmation manipulation resulted in lower levels of denial and greater perceptions o...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sparks P, Jessop DC, Chapman J, Holmes K Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Cultural stereotypes of disabled and non-disabled men and women: Consensus for global category representations and diagnostic domains.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite the fact that disabled people comprise a heterogeneous social group, cross-impairment cultural stereotypes reflect a consistent set of beliefs used to characterize this population as dependent, incompetent, and asexual. Using a free-response methodology, stereotypical beliefs about disabled men (DM) and women (DW) were contrasted against the stereotypes of their non-disabled counterparts illustrating the dimensions considered most diagnostic of each group. Results revealed that both disabled and non-disabled participants expressed consensus about the contents of group stereotypes that exaggerate traditional gen...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nario-Redmond MR Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Derivation and assessment of a hypermasculine values questionnaire.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Four studies are reported on the derivation and assessment of a hypermasculinity scale. In Study 1, a questionnaire measure of hypermasculine values was derived from an initial 122 items, rated on a seven-point scale by 600 men from eight categories, based on occupation or sport interest. Factor analysis and item reduction produced 26- and 16- item scales (Hypermasculine Values Questionnaire, HVQ and Short Hypermasculine Values Questionnaire) with high internal consistencies. There were substantial differences between categories, consistent with predictions based on their gender-stereotypic connotations. Study 2 involv...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Archer J Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Losing on all fronts: The effects of negative versus positive person-based campaigns on implicit and explicit evaluations of political candidates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current research investigated the effects of negative as compared to positive person-based political campaigns on explicit and implicit evaluations of the involved candidates. Participants were presented with two political candidates and statements that one of them ostensibly said during the last political campaign. For half of the participants, the campaign included positive remarks about the source of the statement (positive campaign); for the remaining half, the campaign included negative remarks about the opponent (negative campaign). Afterwards, participants completed measures of explicit and implicit evaluati...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - August 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carraro L, Gawronski B, Castelli L Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The glass cliff: When and why women are selected as leaders in crisis contexts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The glass cliff refers to women being more likely to rise to positions of organizational leadership in times of crisis than in times of success, and men being more likely to achieve those positions in prosperous times. We examine the role that (a) a gendered history of leadership and (b) stereotypes about gender and leadership play in creating the glass cliff. In Expt 1, participants who read about a company with a male history of leadership selected a male future leader for a successful organization, but chose a female future leader in times of crisis. This interaction - between company performance and gender of the p...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bruckmüller S, Branscombe NR Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Maintaining the system with tokenism: Bolstering individual mobility beliefs and identification with a discriminatory organization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two experiments examined the effects of gender-based token hiring practices in organizational settings. In Expt 1, women were exposed to organizational hiring practices that were open, token, or closed. Token practices served to perpetuate inequality by maintaining individual mobility beliefs and organizational identification. In Expt 2, both men and women imagined working for a corporation that planned to implement open, token, or closed hiring practices. Although women reported experiencing negative emotions in the closed and token conditions compared to the open condition, token practices maintained positive percept...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - July 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Danaher K, Branscombe NR Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Enhanced external and culturally sensitive attributions after extended intercultural contact.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effect of close and extended intercultural contact on attributions for behaviour of out-group members. Specifically, it was hypothesized that extended intercultural contact would enhance the ability to make external and culturally sensitive attributions for ambiguous behaviour of out-group members, while decreasing the common tendency to overestimate internal factors. A content analysis of open-ended attributions supported these hypotheses, revealing that majority group members in Germany who had hosted an exchange student from another continent used significantly less internal and more external as ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - July 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vollhardt JR Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The role of national identity representation in the relation between in-group identification and out-group derogation: Ethnic versus civic representation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two studies investigated whether the content of in-group identity affects the relation between in-group identification and ethnic prejudice. The first study among university students, tested whether national identity representations (i.e. ethnic vs. civic) moderate or mediate the relation between Flemish in-group identification and ethnic prejudice. A moderation hypothesis is supported when those higher in identification who subscribe to a more ethnic representation display higher ethnic prejudice levels than those higher in identification who subscribe to a more civic representation. A mediation hypothesis is supporte...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - June 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Meeus J, Duriez B, Vanbeselaere N, Boen F Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

National symbols and distinctiveness: Rhetorical strategies in creating distinct national identities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study is to examine qualitatively how respondents create national distinctiveness using rhetorical identity strategies in the context of four Finnish national symbols. The data consist of 127 essays written by Finnish secondary school students. Analysis revealed five different strategies used to distinguish between the in-group and the out-group. These strategies differ on two dimensions: the level of polarization, and the extent to which the in-group-out-group relationship is depicted as being active versus passive. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the two dimensions of nationalism, particular...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - June 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Finell E, Liebkind K Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The mobile hermit and the city: Considering links between places, objects, and identities in social psychological research on homelessness.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article explores aspects of a homeless man's everyday life and his use of material objects to maintain a sense of place in the city. We are interested in the complex functions of walking, listening and reading as social practices central to how this man forges a life as a mobile hermit across physical and imagined locales. This highlights connections between physical place, use of material objects, imagination, and sense of self. Our analysis illustrates the value of paying attention to geographical locations and objects in social psychological research on homelessness. PMID: 19531282 [PubMed - as supplied by publ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hodgetts D, Stolte O, Chamberlain K, Radley A, Groot S, Nikora LW Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Come together: Two studies concerning the impact of group relations on 'personal space'Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper describes two experiments investigating the impact of group relations on personal space. In Study 1, participants (N=39) in minimal groups were told that they would be interacting with another person. In line with expectations, personal space (as measured by the distance between chairs) was significantly less in the intragroup context than in the intergroup and interpersonal contexts. This finding was replicated in Study 2 (N=80) using an improved experimental design. These results are discussed in terms of developing a self-categorization account of personal space and crowding. PMID: 19523278 [PubMed - ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - June 10, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Novelli D, Drury J, Reicher S Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Attitudes, norms, identity and environmental behaviour: Using an expanded theory of planned behaviour to predict participation in a kerbside recycling programme.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In an effort to contribute to greater understanding of norms and identity in the theory of planned behaviour, an extended model was used to predict residential kerbside recycling, with self-identity, personal norms, neighbourhood identification, and injunctive and descriptive social norms as additional predictors. Data from a field study (N=527) using questionnaire measures of predictor variables and an observational measure of recycling behaviour supported the theory. Intentions predicted behaviour, while attitudes, perceived control, and the personal norm predicted intention to recycle. The interaction between neighb...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - May 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nigbur D, Lyons E, Uzzell D Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Accounting for the hero: A critical psycho-discursive approach to children's experience of domestic violence and the construction of masculinities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article employs a critical psycho-discursive approach to social identity processes and subjectivity in an important and under-researched area; the psychological impact of domestic violence on children. We use a case study of interview interaction with two teenage brothers talking about their father's past violent behaviour to show that a highly idealised, dominant form of hegemonic masculinity - 'heroic protection discourse' (HPD) - was a major organising principle framing both brothers' understandings of events. However, significant differences occurred in how each boy identified and made sense of self and others wit...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - May 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dryden C, Doherty K, Nicolson P Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Self-engagement as a predictor of performance and emotional reactions to performance outcomes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Three studies examined the relationship between engagement in different types of tasks, performance on those tasks, and reactions to performance outcomes. The three studies included voting in the 2004 presidential election, test performance in an undergraduate course, and completion of personal projects during the course of the semester. Engagement in voting predicted voting in the presidential election and magnified positive feelings of voting for the winning candidate. Test engagement predicted performance on the test, and magnified positive feelings of not showing a discrepancy between expected and actual test perfo...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - May 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Britt TW, McKibben ES, Greene-Shortridge TM, Beeco A, Bodine A, Calcaterra J, Evers T, McNab J, West A Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Being there with others: How people make environments norm-relevant.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In two studies we show that people make environments norm-relevant and this increases the likelihood that environments influence norm-relevant judgments. When people see environments without having people on their mind, this effect does not occur. Specifically, when exposed to an environment (a library), people's perceived importance of environment-relevant norms (be silent in libraries) increases, when the concept of 'people' is primed compared to when this is not the case. The impact on normative judgments of priming significant others (Study 1) is stronger than priming people in general (Study 2). Additional effects...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - April 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stapel DA, Joly JF, Lindenberg SM Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Different meanings of the social dominance orientation concept: Predicting political attitudes over time.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined predictors of political attitude change by assessing the independent and interactive effect of social dominance orientation (SDO) as a context-dependent versus an individual difference construct. In a longitudinal study, British students' political orientation was assessed before entering university (T1) and after being at university for 2 months (T2) and 6 months (T3; N=109). Results showed that initial SDO (T1) did not predict political attitudes change nor did it predict self-selected entry into course with hierarchy enhancing or hierarchy-attenuating ideologies. More support was obtained for a contextually ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - April 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jetten J, Iyer A Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The dark side of ambiguous discrimination: How state self-esteem moderates emotional and behavioural responses to ambiguous and unambiguous discrimination.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two experiments examine how experimentally induced differences in state self-esteem moderate emotional and behavioural responses to ambiguous and unambiguous discrimination. Study 1 (N=108) showed that participants who were exposed to ambiguous discrimination report more negative self-directed emotions when they have low compared to high self-esteem. These differences did not emerge when participants were exposed to unambiguous discrimination. Study 2 (N=118) additionally revealed that self-esteem moderated the effect of ambiguous discrimination on self-concern, task performance, and self-stereotyping. Results show tha...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - April 10, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cihangir S, Barreto M, Ellemers N Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The role of affect and cognition in health decision making.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Both affective and cognitive evaluations of behaviours have been allocated various positions in theoretical models of decision making. Most often, they have been studied as direct determinants of either intention or overall evaluation, but these two possible positions have never been compared. The aim of this study was to determine whether affective and cognitive evaluations influence intention directly, or whether their influence is mediated by overall evaluation. A sample of 300 university students filled in questionnaires on their affective, cognitive, and overall evaluations in respect of 20 health behaviours. The ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - April 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Keer M, van den Putte B, Neijens P Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Imagining intergroup contact reduces implicit prejudice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent research has demonstrated that imagining intergroup contact can be sufficient to reduce explicit prejudice directed towards out-groups. In this research, we examined the impact of contact-related mental imagery on implicit prejudice as measured by the implicit association test. We found that, relative to a control condition, young participants who imagined talking to an elderly stranger subsequently showed more positive implicit attitudes towards elderly people in general. In a second study, we demonstrated that, relative to a control condition, non-Muslim participants who imagined talking to a Muslim stranger s...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - March 19, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Turner RN, Crisp RJ Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Why are you smiling at me?: Social functions of enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In three experiments, we investigated the spontaneous attention of perceivers to the nature of targets' facial expressions, specifically whether they were displaying an enjoyment or a non-enjoyment smile. Further, we investigated the social functions of sensitivity to smile type and the consequences of such sensitivity for subsequent interactions. Results demonstrated that perceivers did indeed spontaneously attend to smile type, especially in situations where issues of trust or cooperation were made salient. Further, this sensitivity had an impact both on the evaluations of the target individuals and the cooperative b...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - March 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johnston L, Miles L, Macrae CN Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Afterimages of savages: Implicit associations between 'primitives', animals and children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Historically, traditional people have often been likened to animals and children. A study employing implicit social cognition methods examined whether these associations endure in a more subtle, implicit form. Consistent with colonial era portrayals of indigenous and other traditional people as 'primitives' or 'savages', participants continued to associate them with animal- and child-related stimuli more readily than people from modern, industrialized societies. In addition, traditional people were ascribed fewer uniquely human attributes than their modern counterparts. These findings, replicated with verbal and pictor...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - March 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Saminaden A, Loughnan S, Haslam N Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
R The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N=1,028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out-groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups s...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - January 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cuddy AJ, Fiske ST, Kwan VS, Glick P, Demoulin S, Leyens JP, Bond MH, Croizet JC, Ellemers N, Sleebos E, Htun TT, Kim HJ, Maio G, Perry J, Petkova K, Todorov V, Rodríguez-Bailón R, Morales E, Moya M, Palacios M, Smith V, Perez R, Vala J, Ziegler Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

'The air's got to be far cleaner here': A discursive analysis of place-identity threat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study, a secondary analysis of interview data, seeks to extend discursive work on place-identity by examining the ways in which 14 residents of a small English village talk about themselves and their locale. The locale accommodates an active quarry, and many residents had lodged complaints to the quarry about dust, noise and vibrations from blasting. Attention to the interactional context of the interviews illustrates the ways in which (simply) interviewing people about their locale can threaten self- and place-identity. When asked about life in the village, interviewees oriented to two main dilemmas in protecting sel...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - January 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hugh-Jones S, Madill A Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Does mood really influence comparative optimism? Tracking an elusive effect.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Methodological limitations call into question prior evidence that positive moods are associated with greater comparative optimism. Experiments 1-4 tested if mood affects comparative optimism using a mood manipulation that minimized experimenter demand. While the procedure was successful in inducing mood, we found no evidence for a mood effect on comparative optimism. The absence of a mood effect was not due to participants correcting their judgments in response to a presumed mood bias (Experiments 2, 3 and 4) or to participants proactively regulating their mood (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 5 compared the mood mani...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - December 23, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Drace S, Desrichard O, Shepperd JA, Hoorens V Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Exploring masculinities within men's identificatory imaginings of first-time fatherhood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The changing role and practices of men as fathers is a growing subject of interest and debate within academic and everyday responses to contemporary sociocultural change. Prompted by questions about the production of identities and masculinities that accompanies social change, this paper is a psychosocial exploration of the identificatory positionings that are apparent in men's talk of becoming first-time fathers. Our qualitative analysis draws on a sample of 30 heterosexual and variously skilled men aged between 18 and 40 years in Norfolk (UK) who were interviewed as first-time fathers just before and after the birth ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - December 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Finn M, Henwood K Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Rejected! Cognitions of rejection and intergroup anxiety as mediators of the impact of cross-group friendships on prejudice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a sample of White Australians (N=273), cross-group friendship with Aboriginal Australians was associated with reduced cognitions of rejection and intergroup anxiety, and these variables fully mediated the effect of cross-group friendship on conversational avoidance of sensitive intergroup topics, active avoidance of the outgroup, and old-fashioned prejudice. The novel mediator proposed here, cognitions of rejection, predicted intergroup anxiety, and also predicted the three outcome variables via intergroup anxiety. Over and above its indirect effects via anxiety, cognitions of rejection directly predicted both conve...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - December 10, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Barlow FK, Louis WR, Hewstone M Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Embodied ideas and divided selves: Revisiting Laing via Bakhtin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this article, we apply Mikhail Bakhtin's model of a 'divided self' to R.D. Laing's eponymous work on the lived experience of divided selves in 'psychosis'. Both of these authors offer intriguing insights into the fracturing of self through its social relationships (including the 'micro-dialogues' staged for oneself) but from uniquely different perspectives. Bakhtin (1984) uses Dostoevsky's novels as his material for a theory of self, centrally concerned with moments of split identity, crisis, and personal transformation, while Laing relies on his patient's accounts of 'psychosis'. We will outline how two key Bakhtin...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - December 5, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Burkitt I, Sullivan P Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Producing expertise and achieving attribution in the context of computer support.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study uses transcripts of interactions recorded between computer technicians and users to investigate the activities related to attribution and problem solving in the context of institutional computer support. We explore how achieving consensual attributions (in the context of diagnosis) is integral to managing moment-to-moment social demands, and how the outcomes are subject to negotiations about the definition of the problem and the nature of the social contract between interactants. We also show that these immediate interactional interests are subject to the longer-term 'moral careers' of the participants which are...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - November 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Quayle M, Durrheim K Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Smoking in the lived world: How young people make sense of the social role cigarettes play in their lives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This qualitative study explored how young people (16- to 24-year olds), both smokers and non-smokers, talk about the social role of smoking in their everyday lives. In 22 focus group interviews, 47 high school children and 40 university undergraduates participated. On the basis of analyses, it is proposed that the perceived need to smoke cannot be reduced to addiction; cigarettes appear to play a complex social role in young people's lives. In order to resist smoking, participants highlighted the need to provide an excuse to peers, and some reasons (e.g. an interest in sport for boys) were considered more legitimate th...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - November 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Fry G, Grogan S, Gough B, Conner M Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Caring: Building a 'psychological disposition' in pre-closing sequences in phone calls with a young adult with a learning disability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article has a joint focus on the way both psychological dispositions and matters of potential disability figure in interaction. The study works with a collection of more than fifty telephone calls between a young adult with a learning disability staying in a residential placement and three other members of her family. It focuses on the closing sections of the telephone calls and in particular how pre-closing turns may be designed to display caring. This paper analyses three formats through which pre-closings are delivered; through the use of announcements, interrogatives and imperatives. In each case the pre-closing c...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - November 18, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patterson A, Potter J Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The moderating effect of conformism values on the relations between other personal values, social norms, moral obligation, and single altruistic behaviours.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Three studies predicted and found that the individual's conformism values are one determinant of whether behaviour is guided by other personal values or by social norms. In Study 1 (N=50), pro-gay law reform participants were told they were either in a minority or a majority in terms of their attitude towards the law reform. Only participants who were high in conformism values conformed to the group norm on public behaviour intentions. In studies 2 (N=42) and 3 (N=734), participants played multiple choice prisoner's dilemma games with monetary incentives. Only participants who considered conformism values to be relativ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - November 13, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lönnqvist JE, Walkowitz G, Wichardt P, Lindeman M, Verkasalo M Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Social categorization and empathy for outgroup members.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Three experiments (N=370) investigated the effects of social categorization on the experience of empathy. In Experiment 1, university students reported their empathy for, and intentions to help, a student who described a distressful experience. As predicted, participants reported stronger empathy and helping intentions when the student belonged to an ingroup compared to an outgroup university. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that stronger empathy for outgroup members was experienced following the activation of an ingroup norm that prescribed the experience of this emotion. Activating this norm also led to the expressi...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - November 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tarrant M, Dazeley S, Cottom T Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Being outperformed in an intergroup context: The relationship between-group status and self-protective strategies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examines the effects of group status on self-esteem when individuals are outperformed by an in-group target (Experiments 1 and 2) or an out-group (Experiment 2). The main aim was to examine different self-protective mechanisms when the current standing of the in-group vis-à-vis another group is either unfavourable (low status) or favourable (high status). Experiment 1 showed that when outperformed by an in-group target, the members of a low status group reported higher self-esteem than members of a high status group. Moreover, this effect was mediated by group identification. Experiment 2 replica...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - October 14, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Redersdorff S, Martinot D Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Planning to break unwanted habits: Habit strength moderates implementation intention effects on behaviour change.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Implementation intention formation promotes effective goal striving and goal attainment. However, little research has investigated whether implementation intentions promote behaviour change when people possess strong antagonistic habits. Experiment 1 developed relatively habitual responses that, after a task switch, had a detrimental impact on task performance. Forming an if-then plan reduced the negative impact of habit on performance. However, the effect of forming implementation intentions was smaller among participants who possessed strong habits as compared to participants who had weaker habits. Experiment 2 provi...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - October 11, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Webb TL, Sheeran P, Luszczynska A Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The social organization of representations of history: The textual accomplishment of coming to terms with the past.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper is concerned with the social organization of collective memory and representations of history in the context of how post-communist democracies reckon with former regimes. It specifically centres on the textual accomplishment of coming to terms with the past in the 'Tismăneanu Report' condemning Communism in Romania. The focus is on how the Report displays and shapes the ideological contours of coming to terms with the past around a particular 'social representation' of history. Several constitutive features of the Report that facilitate bringing off a particular 'representation of history' are identifi...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 24, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tileagă C Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Second nature.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Are ontological meanings somehow sacrosanct in arguments concerning psychology - particularly those scored by discursive accounts of human being? Or is the purposeful deferment of ontological concerns in discursive psychology (DP) another instance of method-fetishism (Koch, 1981)? Shotter's (1995) understanding of joint action and Chouliaraki's (2002) critical realist account of social action combine to support an alternate position to the predominant discursive psychological approach informed by epistemological constructionism (DPEC). The DPEC position is here contrasted with a discursive psychological approach inform...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 24, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Corcoran T Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

'I hope we won't have to understand racism one day': Researching or reproducing 'race' in social psychological research?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explores how children in a predominantly white setting accept and contest representations that race. twenty two children from a range of cultural backgrounds volunteered to discuss their views and experiences of 'race' and racism in a naturalistic research activity. The analysis reveals that racialized difference is something that is constructed as both 'real' - in that it can be seen, touched and even caught from 'the other' and simultaneously something that is constructed, imposed and damaging. This highlights the possibilities for racialized others to take up positions as agents and not (only) as objects of t...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 24, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Howarth C Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

A mere measurement effect for anticipated regret: Impacts on cervical screening attendance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assessed the impact of measuring anticipated regret in addition to intentions and other cognitions on recorded cervical smear attendance rates following invitation in a sample of women. A total of 4,277 women received an invitation for cervical screening and information leaflet: 1,500 of whom also received a standard theory of planned behaviour questionnaire in relation to screening (TPB only group) and a further 1,500 of whom also received a TPB questionnaire plus anticipated regret questions in relation to screening (TPB plus regret group). Total recorded attendance rates indicated significantly higher attenda...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 12, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sandberg T, Conner M Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

State institutions and social identity: National representation in soldiers' and civilians' interview talk concerning military service.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Theory and research deriving from social identity or self-categorization perspectives often starts out with the presumption that social actors necessarily view societal objects such as nations or states as human categories. However, recent work suggests that this may be only one of a number of forms that societal representation may take. For example, nations may be understood variously as peoples, places, or institutions. This paper presents findings from a qualitative interview study conducted in England, in which soldiers and civilians talked about nationhood in relation to military service. Analysis indicated that, ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 12, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gibson S, Condor S Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Being similar versus being equal: Intergroup similarity moderates the influence of in-group norms on discrimination and prejudice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In two studies, we examined the influence of in-group norms of anti- and pro-discrimination on prejudice and discrimination as a function of intergroup similarity (Studies 1 and 2) and in-group identification (Study 2). In a condition where there was no information about intergroup similarity (Study 1) or intergroup similarity was low (Study 2), prejudice and discrimination were lower when norms prescribe anti-discrimination compared to pro-discrimination. In contrast, when intergroup similarity was high, prejudice and discrimination were higher when the in-group norm represents anti-discrimination compared to pro-disc...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 11, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gabarrot F, Falomir-Pichastor JM, Mugny G Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Social representations of electricity network technologies: Exploring processes of anchoring and objectification through the use of visual research methods.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to explore everyday thinking about the UK electricity network, in light of government policy to increase the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources. Existing literature on public perceptions of electricity network technologies was broadened by adopting a more socially embedded conception of the construction of knowledge using the theory of social representations (SRT) to explore symbolic associations with network technologies. Drawing and association tasks were administered within nine discussion groups held in two places: a Scottish town where significant upgrades to the loca...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 11, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Devine-Wright H, Devine-Wright P Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The effects of private and collective self-priming on visual search: Taking advantage of organized contextual stimuli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that priming the collective self improves some visual search tasks. In both experiments, participants searched for an O among Qs. The pattern of distracters was manipulated across experiments to allow the possibility of grouping (Experiment 1) or to disallow this possibility (Experiment 2). Consistent with expectations, collective self-priming increased visual search speed when grouping was possible but it had no effect on visual search speed when grouping was not possible. In combination, the data support the notion that collective self-priming makes people more likely to utilize ...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 11, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rice S, Clayton KD, Trafimow D, Keller D, Hughes J Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Everyone for themselves? A comparative study of crowd solidarity among emergency survivors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Crowd behaviour in emergencies has previously been explained in terms of either 'mass panic' or strength of pre-existing social bonds. The present paper reports results from a study comparing high- versus low-identification emergency mass emergency survivors to test the interlinked claims (1) that shared identity in an emergency crowd enhances expressions of solidarity and reduces 'panic' behaviour and (2) that such a shared identity can arise from the shared experience of the emergency itself. Qualitative and descriptive quantitative analyses were carried out on interviews with 21 survivors of 11 emergencies. The anal...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - September 11, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Drury J, Cocking C, Reicher S Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

The language of change? Characterizations of in-group social position, threat, and the deployment of 'distinctive' group attributes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A considerable body of research has shown that group members establish and emphasize characteristics or attributes that define their in-group in relation to comparison out-groups. We extend this research by exploring the range of ways in which members of the same social category (Welsh people) deploy a particular attribute (the Welsh language) as a flexible identity management resource. Through a thematic analysis of data from interviews and two public speeches, we examine how the deployment of the Welsh language is bound up with characterizations of the in-group's wider intergroup position (in terms of power relations...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - July 23, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Livingstone AG, Spears R, Manstead AS Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals

Ours is human: On the pervasiveness of infra-humanization in intergroup relations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Both at a conceptual and an empirical level, infra-humanization has been put on par with the relative greater attribution of uniquely human emotions to the in-group, assuming that a group's humanity is exclusively a matter of having uniquely human characteristics. In the present research we suggest that people also adopt another strategy to infra-humanize the out-group by considering those aspects that characterize and differentiate the in-group from the out-group as more uniquely human. In three studies, characteristics presented as typical of the in-group and the out-group were judged on a not uniquely human-uniquely...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - June 26, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Paladino MP, Vaes J Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals