The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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422 records returned

Neurotensin receptor-2 and -3 are crucial for the anti-apoptotic effect of neurotensin on pancreatic beta-TC3 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The neuropeptide neurotensin (NT) has been recently shown to protect pancreatic beta cells from toxic agents-induced apoptosis through interaction with the NT receptor-2 (NTSR2) and activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway. However, expression of the NT receptor-3/sortilin (NTSR3) in the mouse pancreatic beta cell line -TC3 led us to investigate its possible functional role in these cells. By using siRNA, immunoprecipitation, co-localization and caspase-3 assays,we provide evidence for a functional endogenous interaction between NTSR2 and NTSR3. Expression of both receptors is necessary for the protectiv...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - November 8, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Béraud-Dufour S, Coppola T, Massa F, Mazella J Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Hepatic myofibroblasts: a heterogeneous population of multifunctional cells in liver fibrogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hepatic myofibroblasts constitute a heterogeneous population of highly proliferative, pro-fibrogenic, pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and contractile cells that sustain liver fibrogenesis and then fibrotic progression of chronic liver diseases of different aetiology to the common advanced-stage of cirrhosis. These alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblast-like cells, according to current literature, mainly originate by a process of activation and trans-differentiation that involves either hepatic stellate cells or fibroblasts of portal areas. Hepatic myofibroblasts can also originate from bone marrow-derived ce...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Novo E, di Bonzo LV, Cannito S, Colombatto S, Parola M Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

O-GlcNAc cycling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The dynamic post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), termed O-GlcNAcylation, is an important mechanism for modulating cellular signaling pathways. O-GlcNAcylation impacts transcription, translation, organelle trafficking, proteasomal degradation and apoptosis. O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the etiology of several human diseases including type-2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. This review describes the pair of enzymes responsible for the cycling of this post-translational modification: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA), with a focus ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lazarus BD, Love DC, Hanover JA Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Endothelial CD146 is required for in vitro tumor-induced angiogenesis: the role of a disulfide bond in signaling and dimerization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tumor angiogenesis, induced by tumor-secreted pro-angiogenic factors, is an essential process for cancer development and metastasis. CD146 is identified as an endothelial cell adhesion molecule and implicated in blood vessel formation, however, its exact role in angiogenesis, particularly tumor angiogenesis, and its potential function of mediating downstream signaling are still unclear. In present study, we evidenced that silencing endogenous endothelial CD146 by RNAi significantly impaired hepatocarcinoma cell secretions-promoted tubular morphogenesis and -enhanced motility of endothelial cells. Biochemical studies re...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zheng C, Qiu Y, Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Lu D, Yang D, Feng J, Yan X Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-BL represses adipogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway is a major regulator of adipose tissue growth and differentiation. We recently demonstrated that human protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) L1, a large cytoplasmic phosphatase also known as PTP-BAS/PTPN13/PTP-1E, is a negative regulator of IGF-1R/IRS-1/Akt pathway in breast cancer cells. This triggered us to investigate the potential role of PTPL1 in adipogenesis. To evaluate the implication of PTP-BL, the mouse orthologue of PTPL1, in adipose tissue biology, we analyzed PTP-BL mRNA expression in adipose tissue in vivo and during proliferation and differe...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Glondu-Lassis M, Dromard M, Chavey C, Puech C, Fajas L, Hendriks W, Freiss G Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

The role of phosphorylated glucocorticoid receptor in mitochondrial functions and apoptotic signalling in brain tissue of stressed Wistar rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a key component in compromised neuroendocrine stress response and, among other etiological causes, it may also involve action of glucocorticoid hormones. In the current study we followed glucocorticoid receptor and identified its mitochondrial phosphoisophorms in hippocampus and prefrontal brain cortex of Wistar male rats subjected to acute, chronic and combined neuroendocrine stresses. In both brain structures chronic social isolation caused marked increase in mitochondrial glucocorticoid receptor that was preferentially phosphorylated at serine 232 compared to s...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Adzic M, Djordjevic A, Demonacos C, Krstic-Demonacos M, Radojcic MB Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Structural and functional organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: a dynamic super-assembly.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The structural organization of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system has received large attention in the past and most investigations led to the conclusion that the respiratory enzymatic complexes are randomly dispersed in the lipid bilayer of the inner membrane and functionally connected by fast diffusion of smaller redox components, Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. More recent investigations by native gel electrophoresis, however, have shown the existence of supramolecular associations of the respiratory complexes, confirmed by electron microscopy analysis and single particle image processing. Flux ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lenaz G, Genova ML Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Mitochondrial dynamics in human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I (CI) is a frequently affected enzyme in cases of mitochondrial disorders. However, the cytopathological mechanism of the associated pediatric syndromes is poorly understood. Evidence in the literature suggests a connection between mitochondrial metabolism and morphology. Previous quantitative analysis of mitochondrial structure in cultured fibroblasts of 14 patients revealed that mitochondria were fragmented and/or less branched in patients with severe CI deficiency. These patient cells also displayed greatly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Willems PH, Smeitink JA, Koopman WJ Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase and organellar internal architecture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mitochondrial F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase adopts supramolecular structures. The interaction domains between monomers involve components belonging to the F(0) domains. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alteration of these components destabilizes the oligomeric structures, leading concomitantly to the appearance of monomeric species of ATP synthase and anomalous mitochondrial morphologies in the form of onion-like structures. The mitochondrial ultrastructure at the cristae level is thus modified. Electron microscopy on cross-sections of wild type mitochondria display many short cristae with narrowed intra-cristae space, whereas...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Velours J, Dautant A, Salin B, Sagot I, Brèthes D Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Mitochondrial reticulum network dynamics in relation to oxidative stress, redox regulation, and hypoxia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A single mitochondrial network in the cell undergoes constant fission and fusion primarily depending on the local GTP gradients and the mitochondrial energetics. Here we overview the main properties and regulation of pro-fusion and pro-fission mitodynamins, i.e. dynamins-related GTPases responsible for mitochondrial shape-forming, such as pro-fusion mitofusins MFN1, MFN2, and the inner membrane-residing long OPA1 isoforms, and pro-fission mitodynamins FIS1, MFF, and DRP1 multimers required for scission. Notably, the OPA1 cleavage into non-functional short isoforms at a diminished ATP level (collapsed membrane potential...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jezek P, Plecitá-Hlavatá L Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plasma membrane and other subcellular organelles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several recent works show structurally and functionally dynamic contacts between mitochondria, the plasma membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, and other subcellular organelles. Many cellular processes require proper cooperation between the plasma membrane, the nucleus and subcellular vesicular/tubular networks such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been suggested that such contacts are crucial for the synthesis and intracellular transport of phospholipids as well as for intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, controlling fundamental processes like motility and contraction, secretion, cell growth, prolifer...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lebiedzinska M, Szabadkai G, Jones AW, Duszynski J, Wieckowski MR Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Importance of lipid metabolism for intracellular and mitochondrial membrane fusion/fission processes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitochondria move along cytoskeletal tracks, fuse and divide. These dynamic features have been shown to be critical for several mitochondrial functions in cell viability and cell death. After a rapid recall of the proteic machineries that are known to be involved, the review will focus on lipids, other key molecular actors of membrane dynamics. A summary of the current knowledge on lipids and their implication in various cellular membrane fusion/fission processes will be first presented. The review will then report what has been discovered or can be expected on the role of the different families of lipids in mitochondr...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Furt F, Moreau P Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Role of mitochondrial dynamics proteins in the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in skeletal muscle of obese subjects and of type 2 diabetic patients. Reduced mitochondrial mass and defective activity have been proposed to explain this dysfunction. Alterations in mitochondrial function may be crucial to explain the metabolic changes and insulin resistance that characterize both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Consequently, the identification of the primary mechanisms involved is of great relevance. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the movement of mitochondria along the cytoskeleton and also to the regulation of mitochondrial morphology and distribution, whic...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zorzano A, Liesa M, Palacín M Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Mitochondrial DNA nucleoids determine mitochondrial genetics and dysfunction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitochondrial DNA plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial DNA inheritance and propagation are only beginning to be understood. To ensure the distribution and propagation of the mitochondrial genome, mitochondrial DNA is packaged into macromolecular assemblies called nucleoids, composed of one or more copies of mitochondrial DNA and associated proteins. We review current research on the mitochondrial nucleoid, including nucleoid-associated proteins, nucleoid dynamics within the cell, potential mechanisms to ensure proper distribution of nucleoids, and the ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gilkerson RW Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

The cell-type specificity of mitochondrial dynamics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent advances in mitochondrial imaging have revealed that in many cells mitochondria can be highly dynamic. They can undergo fission/fusion processes modulated by various mitochondria-associated proteins and also by conformational transitions in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, precise mitochondrial distribution can be achieved by their movement along the cytoskeleton, recruiting various connector and motor proteins. Such movement is evident in various cell types ranging from yeast to mammalian cells and serves to direct mitochondria to cellular regions of high ATP demand or to transport mitochondria desti...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kuznetsov AV, Hermann M, Saks V, Hengster P, Margreiter R Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

From mitochondrial dynamics to arrhythmias.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mitochondrial oscillator described in cardiac cells exhibits at least two modes of function under physiological conditions or in response to metabolic and oxidative stress. Both modes depend upon network behavior of mitochondria. Under physiological conditions cardiac mitochondria behave as a network of coupled oscillators with a broad range of frequencies. ROS weakly couples mitochondria under normal conditions but becomes a strong coupling messenger when, under oxidative stress, the mitochondrial network attains criticality. Mitochondrial criticality is achieved when a thre...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Aon MA, Cortassa S, Akar FG, Brown DA, Zhou L, O'Rourke B Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Mitochondria in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ca(2+) signaling is of vital importance to cardiac cell function and plays an important role in heart failure. It is based on sarcolemmal, sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial Ca(2+) cycling. While the first two are well characterized, the latter remains unclear, controversial and technically challenging. In mammalian cardiac myocytes, Ca(2+) influx through L-type calcium channels in the sarcolemmal membrane triggers Ca(2+) release from the nearby junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum to produce Ca(2+) sparks. When this triggering is synchronized by the cardiac action potential, a global [Ca(2+)](i) transient arises fr...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lukyanenko V, Chikando A, Lederer WJ Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Use of NADH fluorescence to determine mitochondrial function in vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Normal mitochondrial function is a critical factor in maintaining cellular homeostasis in various organs of the body. Due to the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathological states, the real-time in vivo monitoring of the mitochondrial metabolic state is crucially important. This type of monitoring in animal models as well as in patients provides real-time data that can help interpret experimental results or optimize patient treatment. In this paper we are summarizing the following items: (1) presenting the solid scientific ground underlying nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) NADH fluorescence ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mayevsky A, Barbiro-Michaely E Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Brain mitochondria as a primary target in the development of treatment strategies for Alzheimer disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular accidents are two leading causes of age-related dementia. Increasing evidence supports the idea that chronic hypoperfusion is primarily responsible for the pathogenesis that underlies both disease processes. In this regard, hypoperfusion appears to induce oxidative stress (OS), which is largely due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and over time initiates mitochondrial failure which is known as an initiating factor of AD. Recent evidence indicates that chronic injury stimulus induces hypoperfusion seen in vulnerable brain regions. This reduced regional cerebral blood flow (C...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Aliev G, Palacios HH, Walrafen B, Lipsitt AE, Obrenovich ME, Morales L Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

The role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 in mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mutations in parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and DJ-1 can all cause autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson's disease. Recent data suggest that these recessive parkinsonism-associated genes converge within a single pathogenic pathway whose dysfunction leads to the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons. The major common functional effects of all three genes relate to mitochondrial and oxidative damage, with a possible additional involvement of the ubiquitin proteasome system. This review highlights the role of the mitochondrial kinase, PINK1, in protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and how this mig...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Thomas KJ, Cookson MR Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Glutamine homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glutamine is a multifaceted amino acid that plays key roles in many metabolic pathways and also fulfils essential signaling functions. Although classified as non-essential, recent evidence suggests that glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid in several physiological situations. Glutamine homeostasis must therefore be exquisitely regulated and mitochondria represent a major site of glutamine metabolism in numerous cell types. Glutaminolysis is mostly a mitochondrial process with repercussions in organelle structure and dynamics suggesting a tight and mutual control between mitochondrial form and cell bioenerg...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Matés JM, Segura JA, Campos-Sandoval JA, Lobo C, Alonso L, Alonso FJ, Márquez J Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Electron microscopy morphology of the mitochondrial network in human cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitochondria have been implicated in the process of carcinogenesis, which includes alterations of cellular metabolism and cell death pathways. The aim of this review is to describe and analyze the electron microscopy morphology of the mitochondrial network in human cancer. The structural mitochondrial alterations in human tumors are heterogeneous and not specific for any neoplasm. These findings could be representing an altered structural and functional mitochondrial network. The mitochondria in cancer cells, independently of histogenesis, predominantly are seen with lucent-swelling matrix associated with disarrangemen...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Arismendi-Morillo G Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor: stimulating granulopoiesis and much more.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) plays an important role in the production, survival and activation of neutrophilic granulocytes during both normal and emergency hematopoiesis. The G-CSFR also participates in the production development of other myeloid lineages, the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid cell migration. This has lead to several important clinical applications for its ligand, G-CSF. More recently, additional important roles for G-CSFR have emerged outside the hematopoietic system, such as in the protection and repair of a diverse range of tissues, including muscl...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 19, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Liongue C, Wright C, Russell AP, Ward AC Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Patt1, a novel protein acetyltransferase that is highly expressed in liver and downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, enhances apoptosis of hepatoma cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we identified a novel protein acetyltransferase, Patt1, which belongs to GNAT family. Patt1 exhibited histone acetyltransferase activity and auto-acetylation activity. Deletion and mutation analysis of the predicted acetyltransferase domain in Patt1 showed that the conserved Glu139 was an important residue for its protein acetyltransferase activity. Furthermore, we found that Patt1 was highly expressed in liver and significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. In addition, we showed that overexpression of Patt1 enhanced the apoptosis of hepatoma cells dependent on its acetyltransferase act...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang H, Ge X, Jin Q, Ding G, Hu Y, Zhou B, Chen Z, Ge X, Zhang B, Man X, Zhai Q Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Endoplasmic Reticulum stress reduces the export from the ER and alters the architecture of post-ER compartments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In eukaryotic cells several physiologic and pathologic conditions generate the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. To restore normal function, some ER transmembrane proteins sense the ER stress and activate coordinated signalling pathways collectively called the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Little is known on how the UPR relates to post-ER compartments and to the export from the ER of newly synthesized proteins. Here, we report that the ER stress response induced by either thapsigargin or nitric oxide modifies the dynamics of the intracellular distribution of E...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Amodio G, Renna M, Paladino S, Venturi C, Tacchetti C, Moltedo O, Franceschelli S, Mallardo M, Bonatti S, Remondelli P Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Effect of Peroxynitrite on Endothelial L-Arginine Transport and Metabolism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Peroxynitrite negatively influences NO production by combined effects on arginine uptake and efflux, most likely due to a nitrosative action of ONOO(-) on CAT-1. PMID: 19695340 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Venardos K, Zhang WZ, Lang C, Kaye DM Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Polyamine modulon in yeast - Stimulation of COX4 synthesis by spermidine at the level of translation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We proposed that a group of genes whose expression is enhanced by polyamines at the level of translation in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells be referred to as a "polyamine modulon". In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proteins whose synthesis is enhanced by polyamines at the level of translation were searched for using a polyamine-requiring mutant of S. cerevisiae deficient in ornithine decarboxylase (YPH499 Deltaspe1). Addition of spermidine to the medium recovered the spermidine content and enhanced cell growth of the YPH499 Deltaspe1 mutant by 3- to 5-fold. Under these conditions, synthesis of COX4, one of the subunits...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Uemura T, Higashi K, Takigawa M, Toida T, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Ricin A-chain requires c-Jun N-terminal kinase to induce apoptosis in nontransformed epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ricin is a toxin isolated from castor beans that has potential as a weapon of bioterrorism. This glycoprotein consists of an A-chain (RTA) that damages the ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis and a B-chain that plays a role in cellular uptake. Ricin activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signaling pathways; however, a role for these pathways in ricin-induced cell death has not been investigated. Our goals were to determine if RTA alone could activate apoptosis and if the JNK and p38 pathways were required for this response. Comparable caspase activation was observed with both ricin and RTA treatment in...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jetzt AE, Cheng JS, Tumer NE, Cohick WS Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

The resveratrol analogue 4,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene inhibits cell proliferation with higher efficiency but different mechanism from resveratrol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, 4,4'-di-hydroxy-trans-stilbene has potent antiproliferative activities that differ from the effect of resveratrol shown in this system, suggesting that it warrants further development as a potential chemopreventive or therapeutic agent. PMID: 19679195 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 9, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Savio M, Coppa T, Bianchi L, Vannini V, Maga G, Forti L, Cazzalini O, Lazzè MC, Perucca P, Prosperi E, Stivala LA Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

ATP STIMULATES Ca(2+)-WAVES AND GENE EXPRESSION IN CULTURED HUMAN PULMONARY FIBROBLASTS.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Given that extracellular ATP is markedly elevated in inflammation and is known to modulate fibroblast function, we examined the effects of exogenously-added ATP on Ca(2+)-handling and gene expression in human pulmonary fibroblasts. Cells were loaded with the Ca(2+)-indicator dye fluo-4 and studied using confocal fluorimetry. Standard RT-PCR was used to probe gene expression. ATP (10(-5) M) evoked recurring Ca(2+)-waves which were completely occluded by cyclopiazonic acid (depletes the internal Ca(2+)-store) or the phospholipase inhibitor U73122. Pretreatment with ryanodine (10(-5) M), however, had no effect on the ATP-...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Janssen LJ, Farkas L, Rahman T, Kolb MR Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Proteomic and biochemical analyses unveil tight interaction of ataxin-3 with tubulin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ataxin-3 consists of an N-terminal globular Josephin domain and an unstructured C-terminal region containing a stretch of consecutive glutamines that triggers an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, when its length exceeds a critical threshold. The pathology results from protein misfolding and intracellular accumulation of fibrillar amyloid-like aggregates. Plenty of work has been carried out to elucidate the protein's physiological role(s), which has shown that ataxin-3 is multifunctional; it acts as a transcriptional repressor, and also has polyubiquitin-binding/ubiquitin hydrolase act...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mazzucchelli S, De Palma A, Riva M, D'Urzo A, Pozzi C, Pastori V, Comelli F, Fusi P, Vanoni M, Tortora P, Mauri P, Regonesi ME Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Colon cancer metastasis: MACC1 and Met as metastatic pacemakers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Colon cancer is still the second most frequent malignancy in the Western world. Despite major efforts in diagnosis and treatment it is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths. The metastatic dissemination of primary tumors is directly linked to patient's survival and accounts for about 90% of all colon cancer deaths. Current clinical predictions on whether colon cancer will metastasize are mainly defined by histopathological staging, describing the tumor spread within a surgical specimen. This review focuses on the need for molecular-based staging as essential prerequisite for individualized diagnosis, progn...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Arlt F, Stein U Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Cardiac Hypertrophy: Targeting Raf/MEK/ERK1/2-Signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Over the past two decades, basic research has revealed a complex network of regulatory mechanisms that control the ERK1/2 signaling cascade. ERK1/2 mediate cardiac hypertrophy, a major risk factor for the development of arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death, but also beneficial effects, e.g. protection of the heart from cell death and ischemic injury. Selective targeting of these ambiguous ERK functions could provide a powerful tool in the treatment of cardiac disease. This short review will discuss new mechanistic insights into ERK1/2-dependent development of cardiac hypertrophy and the prospect to translate thi...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lorenz K, Schmitt JP, Vidal M, Lohse MJ Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

miR-584 mediates post-transcriptional expression of lactoferrin receptor in Caco-2 cells and in mouse small intestine during the perinatal period.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to identify mechanisms of microRNA mediated post-transcriptional regulation of the lactoferrin receptor. Sequence analyses revealed that the miR-584 sequence is identical in human, mouse and rat, and there is a conserved region complementary to the seed region (5' nucleotides 2-8) of miR-584 within the lactoferrin receptor mRNA-3' untranslated region. miR-584 was further found to co-localize with lactoferrin receptor mRNA in mouse small intestine. The 3' untranslated region of human lactoferrin receptor mRNA was cloned into pGL3-control luciferase reporter vector. By luciferase reporter assa...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Liao Y, Lönnerdal B Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Role of non-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in angiogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Angiogenesis is a critical physiological process for cell survival and development. Endothelial cells, necessary for the course of angiogenesis, express several non-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). The most important functional non-neuronal AChRs are homomeric alpha7 AChRs and several heteromeric AChRs formed by a combination of alpha3, alpha5, beta2, and beta4 subunits, including alpha3beta4-containing AChRs. In endothelial cells, alpha7 AChR stimulation indirectly triggers the activation of the integrin alphavbeta3 receptor and an intracellular MAP kinase (ERK) pathway that mediates angiogenesis. N...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Arias HR, Richards VE, Ng D, Ghafoori ME, Le V, Mousa SA Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Revisiting the seed and soil in cancer metastasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Metastasis remains the overwhelming cause of death for cancer patients. During metastasis, cancer cells will leave the primary tumor, intravasate into the bloodstream, arrest at a distant organ, and eventually develop into gross lesions at the secondary sites. This intricate process is influenced by innumerable factors and complex cellular interactions described in 1889 by Stephen Paget as the seed and soil hypothesis. In this review, we revisit this seed and soil hypothesis with an emerging understanding of the cancer cell (i.e. seed) and its microenvironment (i.e. soil). We will provide background to suggest that a c...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mendoza M, Khanna C Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Citicoline (CDP-choline): What role in the treatment of complications of infectious diseases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A dysregulated host immune response, as opposed to the intrinsic virulence of a microbial pathogen induces a large part of the pathology seen in infectious diseases. However, current therapies are designed to target the pathogen rather than the underlying pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the manifestation of the pathology. Recent studies have highlighted the role of endothelial cell alteration in the pathology induced in sepsis and cerebral malaria. The endothelial onslaught described, is similar to that seen during ischemia reperfusion in stroke. Protecting endothelial cell membranes during sepsis and cerebral ma...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jambou R, El-Assaad F, Combes V, Grau GE Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Protein-protein interactions involving voltage-gated sodium channels: Post-translational regulation, intracellular trafficking and functional expression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), classically known to play a central role in excitability and signalling in nerves and muscles, have also been found to be expressed in a range of 'non-excitable' cells, including lymphocytes, fibroblasts and endothelia. VGSC abnormalities are associated with various diseases including epilepsy, long-QT syndrome 3, Brugada syndrome, sudden infant death syndrome and, more recently, various human cancers. Given their pivotal role in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, regulation of functional VGSC expression has been the subject of intense study. An emergi...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shao D, Okuse K, Djamgoz MB Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Transaldolase: from biochemistry to human disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of the enzyme transaldolase (TAL) in central metabolism, its biochemical properties, structure, and role in human disease is reviewed. The nearly ubiquitous enzyme transaldolase is a part of the pentose phosphate pathway and transfers a dihydroxyacetone group from donor compounds (fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate) to aldehyde acceptor compounds. The phylogeny of transaldolases shows that five subfamilies can be distinguished, three of them with proven TAL enzyme activity, one with unclear function, and the fifth subfamily comprises transaldolase-related enzymes, the recently discovered fructos...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Samland AK, Sprenger GA Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Native HMGB1 protein inhibits repair of cisplatin-damaged nucleosomes in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The high mobility group box (HMGB) 1 protein, one of the most abundant nuclear non-histone proteins has been known for its inhibitory effect on repair of DNA damaged by the antitumor drug cisplatin. Here, we report the first results that link HMGB1 to repair of cisplatin-treated DNA at nucleosome level. Experiments were carried out with three types of reconstituted nucleosomes strongly positioned on the damaged DNA: linker DNA containing nucleosomes (centrally and end-positioned) and core particles. The highest repair synthesis was registered with end-positioned nucleosomes, two and three times more efficient than that...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ugrinova I, Zlateva S, Pashev IG, Pasheva EA Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Differences in hydroxylation and binding of Notch and HIF-1alpha demonstrate substrate selectivity for factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
FIH-1, factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), regulates oxygen sensing by hydroxylating an asparagine within HIF-alpha. It also hydroxylates asparagines in many proteins containing ankyrin repeats, including Notch1-3, p105 and I?B?. Relative binding affinity and hydroxylation rate are crucial determinants of substrate selection and modification. We determined the contributions of substrate sequence composition and length and of oxygen concentration to the FIH-1-binding and/or hydroxylation of Notch1-4 and compared them with those for HIF-1alpha. We also demonstrated hydroxylation of two asparagines in No...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wilkins SE, Hyvärinen J, Chicher J, Gorman JJ, Peet DJ, Bilton RL, Koivunen P Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

The soluble form of the cancer-associated L1 cell adhesion molecule is a pro-angiogenic factor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we describe a novel function of this physiologically relevant form of L1 as a pro-angiogenic factor. We demonstrated that the anti-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) chCE7 binds near or to the sixth Ig-like domain of human L1 which contains a single RGD sequence. mAb chCE7 inhibited the RGD-dependent adhesion of ovarian carcinoma cells to sL1 and reversed the sL1-induced proliferation, matrigel invasion and tube formation of bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells. A combination of sL1 with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A(165)), which is an important angiogenic inducer in tumors, strongly potentiated VEG...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Friedli A, Fischer E, Novak-Hofer I, Cohrs S, Ballmer-Hofer K, Schubiger PA, Schibli R, Grünberg J Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Evidence for aerobic ATP synthesis in isolated myelin vesicles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Even though brain represents only 2-3% of the body weight, it consumes 20% of total body oxygen, and 25% of total body glucose. This sounds surprising, in that mitochondrial density in brain is low, while mitochondria are thought to be the sole site of aerobic energy supply. These data would suggest that structures other than mitochondria are involved in aerobic ATP production. Considering that a sustained aerobic metabolism needs a great surface extension and that the oxygen solubility is higher in neutral lipids, we have focused our attention on myelin sheath, the multilayered membrane produced by oligodendrocytes, h...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ravera S, Panfoli I, Calzia D, Aluigi MG, Bianchini P, Diaspro A, Mancardi G, Morelli A Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9: its direct inhibition by quercetin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in various skin disorders, including photoaging, dermatitis, and tumorigenesis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a key proinflammatory cytokine that acts to provoke inflammation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. The present study investigated the possible inhibitory effects of red wine polyphenols on TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of MMP-9 and on the migratory phenotype of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal (JB6 P+) cells. Red wine extract (RWE) and quercetin, which is a major flavonoid present in red wine, inhibited significantly the TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of MMP-9 and ce...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hwang MK, Song NR, Kang NJ, Lee KW, Lee HJ Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

A major cathepsin B protease from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica has atypical active site features and a potential role in the digestive tract of newly excysted juvenile parasites.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) stage of the Fasciola hepatica lifecycle occurs just prior to invasion into the wall of the gut of the host, rendering it an important target for drug development. The cathepsin B enzymes from NEJ flukes have recently been demonstrated to be crucial to invasion and migration by the parasite. Here we characterize one of the cathepsin B enzymes (recombinant FhcatB1) from NEJ flukes. FhcatB1 has biochemical properties distinct from mammalian cathepsin B enzymes, with an atypical preference for Ile over Leu or Arg residues at the P(2) substrate position and an inability to act as an exopep...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Beckham SA, Piedrafita D, Phillips CI, Samarawickrema N, Law RH, Smooker PM, Quinsey NS, Irving JA, Greenwood D, Verhelst SH, Bogyo M, Turk B, Coetzer TH, Wijeyewickrema LC, Spithill TW, Pike RN Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) and receptor interacting protein of 140kDa (RIP140) interact and cooperate in estrogen signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) belongs to a family of LIM-only proteins that regulate gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the biological function of FHL1 remains largely unknown. We used a yeast two-hybrid system and identified receptor interacting protein of 140kDa (RIP140) as a novel FHL1-binding protein. RIP140 interacted with FHL1 both in vitro and in mammalian cells and estrogen enhanced this interaction. All domains of FHL1 are required to interact with RIP140. Overexpression of FHL1 enhanced RIP140 repression of estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells in a repo...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lin J, Ding L, Jin R, Zhang H, Cheng L, Qin X, Chai J, Ye Q Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

COP-binding sites in p24delta2 are necessary for proper secretory cargo biosynthesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The p24 family is thought to be somehow involved in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi protein transport, and its members are major constituents of transport vesicles and bind to the vesicle coat protein complexes COPI and COPII. A subset of the p24 proteins (p24alpha(3), -beta(1), -gamma(3) and -delta(2)) is upregulated when Xenopus laevis intermediate pituitary melanotrope cells are physiologically activated to produce vast amounts of their major secretory cargo, the prohormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC). To investigate the role of the COP-binding motifs of p24 proteins in POMC biosynthesis, we here generated and analyse...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Strating JR, Hafmans TG, Martens GJ Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Comparative expression analysis reveals differences in the regulation of intestinal paraoxonase family members.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to determine the regulation of PONs by oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Differentiated Caco-2/15 cells, cultured on polycarbonate Transwell filter inserts, exhibited transcripts of the 3 PONs whereas Western blot revealed the protein expression of PON2 and PON3 only. Iron-ascorbate-mediated lipid peroxidation, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma induced differential effects on the gene expression and protein mass of PONs. In particular, LPS down-regulated PON2 protein expression, which was accompanied with decreased levels of IkappaBalpha, the inhibi...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Precourt LP, Seidman E, Delvin E, Amre D, Deslandres C, Dominguez M, Sinnett D, Levy E Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Hepatic stellate cell: a star cell in the liver.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hepatic stellate cells represent a highly versatile cytotype that plays a significant role in liver development and differentiation, regeneration, xenobiotic response, immunoregulation, control of hepatic blood flow and inflammatory reactions. Because of the wide panel of molecular intermediates they may produce and secrete, particularly after their sustained activation in a disease state, hepatic stellate cells are definitely involved in the pathogenesis of various liver pathologies, besides the well know key role in fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodelling. In particular, they can actively contribute to the prog...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Atzori L, Poli G, Perra A Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Lung alveolar epithelium and interstitial lung disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a group of lung disorders characterized by various levels of inflammation and fibrosis. The current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of ILD strongly suggests a central role of the alveolar epithelium. Following injury, alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) may actively participate in the restoration of a normal alveolar architecture through a coordinated process of re-epithelialization, or in the development of fibrosis through a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Complex networks orchestrate EMT leading to changes in...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Corvol H, Flamein F, Epaud R, Clement A, Guillot L Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals