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Evolution of Distorted Pellicle Patterns in Rigid Photosynthetic Euglenids (Phacus Dujardin)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Members of the euglenid genus Phacus are morphologically differentiated from other photosynthetic species by the presence of a rigid cytoskeleton (pellicle) and predominantly dorsoventrally flattened, leaf-shaped cells. In order to better understand the evolutionary history of this lineage, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine patterns of pellicle strips in Phacus acuminatus, Phacus longicauda var. tortus, Phacus triqueter, Phacus segretii, Phacus pleuronectes, Phacus similis, Phacus pusillus, Phacus orbicularis, Phacus warszewiczii, and Discoplastis spathirhyncha, a putative close relative of Phacus a...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: HEATHER J. ESSON, BRIAN S. LEANDER Source Type: journals

Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of Spumochlamys perforata n. sp. and Spumochlamys bryora n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Spumochlamys perforata n. sp. and Spumochlamys bryora n. sp. were isolated and described from dry epiphytic moss. The morphology and ultrastructure of both species clearly demonstrate that they belong to the genus Spumochlamys (family Microchlamyiidae). They differ from its only described member, Spumochlamys iliensis (as well as from species of Microchlamys), in the relief of the dorsal surface of the test, revealed by scanning electron microscopy, which can represent a good characteristic for species identification. They also differ in the structure of the dorsal part of the test wall (especially S. perforata)....
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - October 27, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: ALEXANDER KUDRYAVTSEV, JAN PAWLOWSKI, KLAUS HAUSMANN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

EDITORIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT—VOL. 56Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Editorial Acknowledgment Source Type: journals

Subject index for volume 56Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Volume 56 Subject Index Source Type: journals

AUTHOR INDEX—VOLUME 56Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Volume 56 Author Index Source Type: journals

THE JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY CONTENTS OF VOLUME 56, NUMBERS 1–6Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Volume 56 Contents Source Type: journals

From the Editors: Describing New Taxa of Unicellular ProtistsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: DENIS H. LYNN, ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

New Observations on the Choreotrich Ciliate Strombidinopsis acuminata Fauré-Fremiet 1924, and Comparison with Strombidinopsis jeokjo Jeong et al., 2004Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. A choreotrich ciliate collected in waters off Geoje Island, on the eastern coast of the South Sea of the southern coastal water of Korea was morphologically and biometrically investigated through observations of permanent preparations after protargol impregnations. Morphological data and ciliary patterns indicated that the ciliate should be identified as Strombidinopsis acuminata based on the number of somatic kineties. The vertical distribution of the population abundance was also examined in relation to environmental conditions: higher abundances occurred in surface water with higher temperature (22[ndash]23 °...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - August 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: YOUNG-OK KIM, SUN YOUNG KIM, WOO-JIN LEE, JOONG KI CHOI Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Small Subunit rRNA and Glycosomal Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes and Ultrastructural Characterization of Two Snake Trypanosomes: Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp. from Pseudoboa nigra and Trypanosoma cascavelli from Crotalus durissus terrificusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. We sequenced the small subunit (SSU) rRNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) genes of two trypanosomes isolated from the Brazilian snakes Pseudoboa nigra and Crotalus durissus terrificus. Trypanosomes were cultured and their morphometrical and ultrastructural features were characterized by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic trees inferred using independent or combined SSU rRNA and gGAPDH data sets always clustered the snake trypanosomes together in a clade closest to lizard trypanosomes, forming a strongly supported monophyletic assemblag...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - August 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: LAERTE B. VIOLA, MÁRCIA ATTIAS, CARMEN S. A. TAKATA, MARTA CAMPANER, WANDERLEY DE SOUZA, ERNEY P. CAMARGO, MARTA M. G. TEIXEIRA Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Genetic Exchange Within and Between Assemblages of Giardia duodenalisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Meiotic sex evolved early in the history of eukaryotes. Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis), a parasitic protist belonging to an early diverging lineage of eukaryotes, shows no cytological or physiological evidence of meiotic or sexual processes. Recent molecular analyses challenge the idea that G. duodenalis is a strictly clonal organism by providing evidence of recombination between homologous chromosomes within one subgroup (Assemblage A) of this species as well as genetic transfer from one subgroup to another (Assemblage A[ndash]B). Because recombination is not well documented and ...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - July 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: ERICA LASEK-NESSELQUIST, DAVID MARK WELCH, RICHARD CHRISTOPHER ANDREW THOMPSON, ROBERT F. STEUART, MITCHELL L. SOGIN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Spore of Myxobolus heckelii n. sp. (Myxozoa), Parasite from the Brazilian Fish Centromochlus heckelii (Teleostei, Auchenipteridae)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. A myxosporean parasitizing the gill filaments of the freshwater teleost fish Centromochlus heckelii collected in the Tocantins River (Lower Amazonian Region, Brazil) is described using light and electron microscopy. This parasite produces spherical to ellipsoidal cyst-like plasmodia up to 250 [mu]m in diameter, with a thick wall strengthened by several stratified juxtaposed crossed collagen layers, whose thickness varies according to the number of the layers. Several compressed fibroblasts are observed among the collagen fibrils. Deposits of spherical dense material are scattered at the internal periphery of the ...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - July 8, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: CARLOS AZEVEDO, GRAÇA CASAL, PATRÍCIA MATOS, IRIS FERREIRA, EDÍLSON MATOS Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

A Survey of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification Studies of Unicellular Protists Using Single-Cell PCREmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. We surveyed a variety of studies that have used single-cell polymerase chain reaction (SC-PCR) to examine the gene sequences of a diversity of unicellular protists. Representatives of all the Super-Groups of eukaryotes have been subjected to SC-PCR with ciliates and dinoflagellates being most commonly examined. The SC-PCR was carried out either by directly amplifying a single lysed cell or by first extracting DNA and following this with amplification of the DNA extract. Cell lysis methods included heating, freezing, mechanical rupture, and enzyme digestion. Cells fixed or preserved with ethanol, methanol, and Lug...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - July 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: DENIS H. LYNN, MARCEL PINHEIRO Tags: Review Article Source Type: journals

Molecular Characterization of Gregarines from Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Description of Psychodiella n. g. (Apicomplexa: Gregarinida)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Sand fly and mosquito gregarines have been lumped for a long time in the single genus Ascogregarina and on the basis of their morphological characters and the lack of merogony been placed into the eugregarine family Lecudinidae. Phylogenetic analyses performed in this study clearly demonstrated paraphyly of the current genus Ascogregarina and revealed disparate phylogenetic positions of gregarines parasitizing mosquitoes and gregarines retrieved from sand flies. Therefore, we reclassified the genus Ascogregarina and created a new genus Psychodiella to accommodate gregarines from sand flies. The genus Psychodiella...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - July 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: JAN VOTÝPKA, LUCIE LANTOVÁ, KASHINATH GHOSH, HENK BRAIG, PETR VOLF Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Transketolase from Cyanophora paradoxa: In Vitro Import into Cyanelles and Pea Chloroplasts and a Complex History of a Gene Often, But Not Always, Transferred in the Context of Secondary EndosymbiosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the sequence of the pre-transketolase cDNA from C. paradoxa and in vitro import experiments of precursor polypeptides into cyanelles and into pea chloroplasts. The transit sequence clearly indicates the localization of the gene product to cyanelles and is more similar to the transit sequences of the plant homologues than to transit sequences of other cyanelle precursor polypeptides with the exception of a cyanelle consensus sequence at the N-terminus. The mature sequence reveals conservation of the thiamine pyrophosphate binding site. A neighbor-net planar graph suggests that Cyanophora, higher plants, and the ph...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - July 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: YAN MA, JOHANNES JAKOWITSCH, OLIVER DEUSCH, KATRIN HENZE, WILLIAM MARTIN, WOLFGANG LÖFFELHARDT Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Morphology, Phylogeny, and Diversity of Trichonympha (Parabasalia: Hypermastigida) of the Wood-Feeding Cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Trichonympha is one of the most complex and visually striking of the hypermastigote parabasalids[mdash]a group of anaerobic flagellates found exclusively in hindguts of lower termites and the wood-feeding cockroach Cryptocercus[mdash]but it is one of only two genera common to both groups of insects. We investigated Trichonympha of Cryptocercus using light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission), as well as molecular phylogeny, to gain a better understanding of its morphology, diversity, and evolution. Microscopy reveals numerous new features, such as previously undetected bacterial surface symbionts, ...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - June 30, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: KEVIN J. CARPENTER, LAWRENCE CHOW, PATRICK J. KEELING Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

A New Genus of Marine Scuticociliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Northern China, with a Brief Note on Its Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequence DataEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. The morphology, infraciliature, and silverline system of a new marine scuticociliate, Wilbertia typica n. g., n. sp., collected from coastal waters off northern China, were investigated. The new genus Wilbertia is characterized as follows: sculptured and dorso-ventrally flattened body; dominant buccal field that is almost completely surrounded by the paroral membrane; three apically positioned long membranelles, arranged in parallel; membranelle (M)1 and M2 prominent, M3 small; reticulate silverline system. The type species W. typica n. sp. is defined by having a conspicuous anterior beak-like protrusion; five to...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - June 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: XINPENG FAN, MIAO MIAO, KHALED A. S. AL-RASHEID, WEIBO SONG Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

A Molecular Perspective on Ecological Differentiation and Biogeography of Cyclotrichiid CiliatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Cyclotrichiids are of ecological and evolutionary interest by virtue of their importance in red tide formation, their highly divergent small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, kleptoplastidy, and utility as indicators of eutrophication. However, only seven strains have had their SSU rRNA genes sequenced and their environmental diversity and distribution are largely unknown. We probed 67 globally dispersed freshwater column/sediment and soil DNA samples (eDNAs) and constructed 24 environmental gene libraries using polymerase chain reaction primers specific to an uncharacterised cyclotrichiid subgroup. We re...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - June 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: DAVID BASS, NICK BROWN, JACKIE MACKENZIE-DODDS, PATRICIA DYAL, SANDRA A. NIERZWICKI-BAUER, ALEXEY A. VEPRITSKIY, THOMAS A. RICHARDS Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Reconsideration of Phylogenetic Relationships of the Subclass Peritrichia (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) Based on Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences, with the Establishment of a New Subclass Mobilia Kahl, 1933Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Based on its characteristic oral apparatus, the ciliate subclass Peritrichia has long been recognized as a monophyletic assemblage composed of the orders Mobilida and Sessilida. Following the application of molecular methods, the monophyly of Peritrichia has recently been questioned. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the peritrichous ciliates based on four further complete small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences of mobilids, namely Urceolaria urechi, Trichodina meretricis, Trichodina sinonovaculae, and Trichodina ruditapicis. In all phylogenetic trees, the mobilids never clustered with the sessilids...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - June 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: ZIFENG ZHAN, KUIDONG XU, ALAN WARREN, YINGCHUN GONG Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Minchinia mercenariae n. sp. (Haplosporidia) in the Hard Clam Mercenaria mercenaria: Implications of a Rare Parasite in a Commercially Important HostEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. During routine histopathology of 180 juvenile hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, from a site in Virginia, USA, in 2007, we discovered a single individual heavily infected with a parasite resembling a haplosporidian, some members of which cause lethal bivalve diseases. Scanning electron microscopy of spores and sequencing of small subunit ribosomal DNA confirmed a new species: Minchinia mercenariae n. sp. Further sampling of clams at the site found prevalences up to 38% using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No parasites were found in routine histological screening of the same individuals, but re-examination of cl...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - June 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: SUSAN E. FORD, NANCY A. STOKES, EUGENE M. BURRESON, EMILY SCARPA, RYAN B. CARNEGIE, JOHN N. KRAEUTER, DAVID BUSHEK Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Expressed Sequence Tags from Amoebophrya sp. Infecting Karlodinium veneficum: Comparing Host and Parasite SequencesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Amoebophrya play important roles in the ecology of estuaries and open ocean environments. Little is known of the cell and molecular biology of Amoebophrya, but the genus is intermediate on phylogenetic trees between apicomplexans and typical dinophycean dinoflagellates. Here, we constructed four cDNA libraries, from different stages after infecting the host, Karlodinium veneficum, with Amoebophrya sp. These libraries were used to generate 898 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), with sequences attributed to either the host or parasite, based on AT bias, codon usage, and occurrenc...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - June 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: TSVETAN R. BACHVAROFF, ALLEN R. PLACE, DONALD WAYNE COATS Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

A Cover of Glass: First Report of Biomineralized Silicon in a Ciliate, Maryna umbrellata (Ciliophora: Colpodea)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Using hydrofluoric acid, scanning electron microscope-assisted X-ray microanalysis, and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, we present the first definite proof of biomineralized silicon [(SiO2)]n in a ciliophoran protist, Maryna umbrellata, a common inhabitant of ephemeral pools. In the trophic specimen, the amorphic silicon (glass) granules are accumulated in the anterior half of the body. When entering the dormant stage, most glass granules are excreted to form the surface cover of the globular resting cyst. Most likely, the silicon granules are synthesized in vesicles of the Golgi apparatus. Firs...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - June 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: WILHELM FOISSNER, BIRGIT WEISSENBACHER, WOLF-DIETRICH KRAUTGARTNER, URSULA LÜTZ-MEINDL Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Introduction1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - May 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: JANET S. KEITHLY Tags: Symposium: Cellular Compartmentalization: Protists Do It Their Way Source Type: journals

Ketoconazole Inhibits the Growth and Development of Ichthyophonus sp. (Mesomycetozoa) In VitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. We determined the in vitro effect of the azol-derivative antifungal ketoconazole (KZ) on the morphology, growth, and development of teleost fish parasite Ichthyophonus sp. The KZ was delivered to culture medium using liposomes (L) or a lipid emulsion (E) at five different doses (i.e. 5, 50, 100, 200, and 400 [mu]g/ml) for both L and E formulations. Controls consisted of Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (MEM-10) alone (C-MEM) or containing amounts of L or E equivalent to those used in the KZ100 and KZ400 treatments (i.e. 100L, 400L, 100E, and 400E, respectively). Mor...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: FRANCISCO HONTORIA, Ma ANGELES GONZÁLEZ, ARIADNA SITJÀ-BOBADILLA, OSWALDO PALENZUELA, PILAR ALVAREZ-PELLITERO Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a New Protist Family, Sandmanniellidae n. fam. (Ciliophora, Colpodea), with Description of Sandmanniella terricola n. g., n. sp. from the Chobe Floodplain in BotswanaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Sandmanniella terricola n. g., n. sp. was discovered in soil from the Chobe floodplain, Botswana, southern Africa. Its morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequence were studied with standard methods. Sandmanniella terricola is very likely an adversity strategist because it reaches peak abundances 6[ndash]12 h after rewetting the soil and maintains trophic food vacuoles with undigested bacteria in the resting cyst, a highly specific feature suggested as an indicator for an adversity life strategy. Possibly, the energy of the stored food vacuoles is used for reproduction and support of the cyst wall. Morphologically, Sand...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: WILHELM FOISSNER, THORSTEN STOECK Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Growth Phase and Elemental Stoichiometry of Bacterial Prey Influences Ciliate Grazing SelectivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Protozoa are known to selectively graze bacteria and can differentiate prey based on size and viability, but less is known about the effects of prey cellular composition on predator selectivity. We measured the effect of growth phase and elemental stoichiometry of Escherichia coli on grazing by two ciliates, Euplotes vannus and Cyclidium glaucoma. Bacterial cells of a single strain were transformed with green and red fluorescent protein and harvested from culture at differing growth stages. Cells in exponential growth phase had low carbon:phosphorus (39) and nitrogen:phosphorus (9) ratios, while cells from statio...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: DAVID F. GRUBER, STEVEN TUORTO, GARY L. TAGHON Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

IN MEMORIAM: KOICHI HIWATASHI (1921–2009)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: In Memoriam Source Type: journals

Novistrombidium sinicum n. sp. and Novistrombidium orientale n. sp. (Protozoa: Ciliophora): Two New Oligotrich Ciliates from a Mangrove Wetland, South ChinaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. The morphology and infraciliature of two new marine oligotrich ciliates, Novistrombidium sinicum n. sp. and Novistrombidium orientale n. sp., isolated from a mangrove wetland near Guangzhou, southern China, were studied from live and protargol-stained specimens. Novistrombidium sinicum is different from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: three posteriorly directed thigmotactic membranelles, one ellipsoidal macronucleus, the extrusomes equidistantly arranged, and the ventral kinety commencing below the right end of the girdle kinety. The small-sized N. orientale can be separated from its...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: WEIWEI LIU, DAPENG XU, XIAOFENG LIN, JIQIU LI, JUN GONG, KHALED A.S. AL-RASHEID, WEIBO SONG Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Bodo sp., a Free-Living Flagellate, Expresses Divergent Proteolytic Activities from the Closely Related Parasitic TrypanosomatidsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the characterization of cell-associated and extracellular peptidases of Bodo sp., a free-living flagellate of the Bodonidae family, order Kinetoplastida, which is considered ancestral to the trypanosomatids. This bodonid isolate is phylogenetically related to Bodo caudatus and Bodo curvifilus. The proteolytic activity profiles of Bodo sp. were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing co-polymerized gelatin, casein, hemoglobin, or bovine serum albumin as substrates. The enzymatic complex degraded gelatin better in acidic pH, and under these conditions four proteolytic band...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: CLAUDIA M. D'AVILA-LEVY, ALINE C. C. VOLOTÃO, FERNANDA M. ARAÚJO, JOSÉ B. DE JESUS, MARIA CRISTINA M. MOTTA, ALANE B. VERMELHO, ANDRÉ L. S. SANTOS, MARTA H. BRANQUINHA Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

High-Speed Cell Sorting of Infectious Trophic and Cystic Forms of Pneumocystis cariniiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe an original, reproducible, and efficient method for separating trophic from cystic forms of P. carinii using a high-speed cell sorter. The large amounts of highly purified (99.6±0.3%) infectious trophic and cystic forms can now be used to elucidate the poorly understood P. carinii life cycle. (Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: ANNA MARTINEZ, EL MOUKHTAR ALIOUAT, MURIEL POTTIER, NAUSICÂA GANTOIS, CLAIRE PINÇON, ANNIE STANDAERT-VITSE, EDUARDO DEI-CAS, CÉCILE-MARIE ALIOUAT-DENIS Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Molecular Phylogeny of the Ocelloid-Bearing Dinoflagellates Erythropsidinium and Warnowia (Warnowiaceae, Dinophyceae)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Members of the family Warnowiaceae are unarmored phagotrophic dinoflagellates that possess an ocelloid. The genus Erythropsidinium (=Erythropsis) has also developed a unique dynamic appendage, the piston, which is able to independently retract and extend for at least 2 min after the cell lyses. We provide the first small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences of warnowiid dinoflagellates, those of the type Erythropsidinium agile and one species of Warnowia. Phylogenetic analyses show that warnowiid dinoflagellates branch within the Gymnodinium sensu stricto group, forming a cluster separated from the Polykrikos cla...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: FERNANDO GÓMEZ, PURIFICACIÓN LÓPEZ-GARCÍA, DAVID MOREIRA Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Molecular Phylogeny and Surface Morphology of Marine Archigregarines (Apicomplexa), Selenidium spp., Filipodium phascolosomae n. sp., and Platyproteum n. g. and comb. from North-Eastern Pacific Peanut Worms (Sipuncula)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. The trophozoites of two novel archigregarines, Selenidium pisinnus n. sp. and Filipodium phascolosomae n. sp., were described from the sipunculid Phascolosoma agassizii. The trophozoites of S. pisinnus n. sp. were relatively small (64[ndash]100 [mu]m long and 9[ndash]25 [mu]m wide), had rounded ends, and had about 21 epicytic folds per side. The trophozoites of F. phascolosomae n. sp. were highly irregular in shape and possessed hair-like surface projections. The trophozoites of this species were 85[ndash]142 [mu]m long and 40[ndash]72 [mu]m wide and possessed a distinct longitudinal ridge that extended from the ...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: SONJA RUECKERT, BRIAN S. LEANDER Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Myxobolus albi n. sp. (Myxozoa) from the Gills of the Common Goby Pomatoschistus microps Krøyer (Teleostei: Gobiidae)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. A recent investigation into the myxozoan fauna of common gobies, Pomatoschistus microps, from the Forth Estuary in Scotland, revealed numerous myxosporean cysts within the gill cartilage. They were composed of polysporous plasmodia containing myxobolid spores that were morphologically different from the other known species of Myxobolus and from the myxosporeans previously recorded from this host (i.e. the ceratomyxid Ellipsomyxa gobii, infecting the gall bladder, and the kudoid Kudoa camarguensis, infecting the muscle tissues). Spores were ovoid, 9.4 × 9.1 [mu]m with a thickness of 6.6 [mu]m, with two pyriform p...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: SARA M. PICON-CAMACHO, ASTRID S. HOLZER, MARK A. FREEMAN, DAVID J. MORRIS, ANDREW P. SHINN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Feeding by Phototrophic Red-Tide Dinoflagellates on the Ubiquitous Marine Diatom Skeletonema costatumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT We investigated feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates on the ubiquitous diatom Skeletonema costatum to explore whether dinoflagellates are able to feed on S. costatum, inside the protoplasm of target dinoflagellate cells observed under compound microscope, confocal microscope, epifluorescence microscope, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) after adding living and fluorescently labeled S. costatum (FLSc). To explore effects of dinoflagellate predator size on ingestion rates of S. costatum, we measured ingestion rates of seven dinoflagellates at a single prey concentration. In addition, we measured...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: YEONG DU YOO, HAE JIN JEONG, MI SEON KIM, NAM SEON KANG, JAE YOON SONG, WOONGGHI SHIN, KWANG YOUNG KIM, KITACK LEE Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

IN MEMORIAM: FREDERICK L. SCHUSTER (1934–2009)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: In Memoriam Source Type: journals

In Vitro Physiological Responses of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum to Exogenously Applied Syringic AcidEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Plant[ndash]microbe interactions are often accompanied by allelochemicals, such as syringic acid, released from the host plant. To explore the role of phenolic acids released from crop host plants in response to pathogen invasion, we examined the allelopathic effect of an artificially applied syringic acid on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. We demonstrated that the growth and the conidial germination rate of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum were stimulated at lower concentrations of syringic acid, though inhibited by higher dosage compared with control. The yield of fungus mycotoxin was increased from 60.9% to 561.5%...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - April 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: HONG-SHENG WU, JIA LUO, YAN-XIA LIU, AI-QUN CHEN, ZHU TANG, YUN CAO, GAO CHEN, ZE-SHENG MAO, QI-WEI HUANG, QI-RONG SHEN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Seasonal Abundances of Naked Amoebae in Biofilms on Shells of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) with Comparative Data from Rock ScrapingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. In North America, zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are notoriously known as invasive species. The abundance of naked amoebae sampled from the shells of zebra mussels was compared with abundances from rock scrapings at approximately monthly intervals for 1 year. The sites were 2 km apart along the same shoreline. No significant difference in abundance of naked amoebae (F=1.44; P[le]0.270) was detected for the two sampling sites. The combined data showed a minimum density of naked amoebae in winter, followed by peaks in early spring. The percent encysted increased from a low of 1% in the summer to 80% in early ...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: PAUL J. BISCHOFF, SCOTT WETMORE Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

First Record of the Peritrich Trichodina diaptomiBasson and Van As, 1991 (Protozoa: Ciliophora) on a South American Calanoid Notodiaptomus deitersi (Poppe, 1890) (Crustacea: Copepoda)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. The ciliate Trichodina was recorded on the calanoid Notodiaptomus deitersi in a shallow, eutrophic reservoir, located in the centre-west of Brazil. The species was confirmed as Trichodina diaptomi, a species widely distributed in Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. It was observed moving freely over the carapace of the copepod, and using its adhesive disc. This is the first record for the species in the Americas. (Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: WILLIAM M. DA SILVA, KENNEDY F. ROCHE, FÁBIO S. DE VICENTE, ÂNGELA A. S. T. DELBEN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Small Subunit rRNA Phylogenies Show that the Class Nassophorea is Not Monophyletic (Phylum Ciliophora)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. The hypostome ciliates have been generally classified into two classes, Phyllopharyngea and Nassophorea. The status of Nassophorea and its relationship with Phyllopharyngea is one of the most controversial issues in ciliate systematics. Here we focus on the phylogenetic interrelationships of Nassophorea and Phyllopharyngea based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The three nassophorean subgroups, synhymeniids, microthoracids, and nassulids, each emerged as monophyletic, with synhymeniids as a sister group of Phyllopharyngea, and microthoracids as a sister of the synhymeniids+Phyllopharyngea clade in a...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: JUN GONG, THORSTEN STOECK, ZHENZHEN YI, MIAO MIAO, QIANQIAN ZHANG, DAVID McL. ROBERTS, ALAN WARREN, WEIBO SONG Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Zosterodasys (Ciliophora, Synhymeniida): A Combined Analysis of Ciliate Relationships Using Morphological and Molecular DataEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. The Synhymeniida is characterized both by a band of somatic dikinetids, the synhymenium, extending across the surface of the cell and by a ventral cell mouth lacking specialized feeding cilia but subtended by a well-developed cyrtos. The synhymeniids have been hypothesized to be members of the class Nassophorea but our previous ultrastructural study of the synhymeniid genus Zosterodasys did not show any clear synapomorphies that would permit definitive placement in the Nassophorea or as a sister taxon to any of the other ciliate groups possessing a cyrtos. In the present study, simultaneous analysis of morphologi...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: K. LINDHOLM KIVIMAKI, BRUNELLA M. BOWDITCH, GAVIN P. RIORDAN, DIANA L. LIPSCOMB Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The Occurrence and Ape-to-Ape Transmission of the Entodiniomorphid Ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti in Captive GorillasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Entodiniomorphid ciliates are often present in the colons of wild apes. In captive apes the infection tends to gradually disappear, with the exception of Troglodytella abrassarti. We used fecal examinations to screen the gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in European (Czech Republic, UK) and Australian Zoos to explore the ape-to-ape transmission pattern of T. abrassarti. Gorillas from two out of three European Zoos were positive for T. abrassarti, while gorillas from the Australian Zoo were negative. We documented a horizontal transmission of T. abrassarti to a non-infected adult gorilla introduced into a Troglod...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: DAVID MODRÝ, KLÁRA J. PETRŽELKOVÁ, KATEŘINA POMAJBÍKOVÁ, TOSHIHIRO TOKIWA, JAROSLAV KŘÍŽEK, SOICHI IMAI, PETER VALLO, ILONA PROFOUSOVÁ, JAN [Scaron]LAPETA Tags: Symposium: Advances in Evolutionary Protistology: a Symposium Honoring the Contributions of Tom Cavalier-Smith Source Type: journals

Axenic Culture of the Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Pfiesteria shumwayae in a Semi-Defined MediumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. A semi-defined, biphasic culture medium was developed that supported the axenic growth of three strains of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria shumwayae. Maximum cell yields and division rates in the semi-defined medium ranged from 0.1 × 105 to 4.0 × 105 cells/ml and 0.5 to 1.7 divisions/day, respectively, and depended on the concentration of the major components in the medium as well as the P. shumwayae strain. The medium contained high concentrations of certain dissolved and particulate organic compounds, including amino acids and lipids. Pfiesteria shumwayae flagellated cells were attracted to insolu...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: HAYLEY M. SKELTON, JOANN M. BURKHOLDER, MATTHEW W. PARROW Tags: Symposium: Advances in Evolutionary Protistology: a Symposium Honoring the Contributions of Tom Cavalier-Smith Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural Study of the Encystation and Excystation Processes in Naegleria sp.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. An important aspect of the biology of Naegleria sp. is the differentiation processes that occur during encystation and excystation. We studied these using both fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In the initial stages of encystation, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum became densely filled with a fibrillar material. Vesicles with a similar content that appeared to be derived from the cisternae were also observed in close contact with the plasma membrane. As encystation progressed, the fibrillar material became localized on the surface of the amoeba. An irregular compaction was ob...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: BIBIANA CHÁVEZ-MUNGUÍA, MARITZA OMAÑA-MOLINA, GUADALUPE CASTAÑÓN, PATRICIA BONILLA, MÓNICA GONZÁLEZ-LÁZARO, DOLORES HERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, LIZBETH SALAZAR-VILLATORO, AMELIA ESPARZA-GARCÍA, ADOLFO MARTÍNEZ-PALOMO, GUADALUPE ORTEGA-PIERRES Tags: Symposium: Advances in Evolutionary Protistology: a Symposium Honoring the Contributions of Tom Cavalier-Smith Source Type: journals

Effects of Surfactant Protein-A on the Interaction of Pneumocystis murina with its Host at Different Stages of the Infection in MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the effects of surfactant protein A (SP-A), a collectin, on the interaction of Pneumocystis murina with its host at the beginning, early to middle, and late stages of infection. Pneumocystis murina from SP-A wild-type (WT) mice inoculated intractracheally into WT mice (WTS-WTR) adhered well to alveolar macrophages, whereas organisms from SP-A knockout (KO) mice inoculated into KO mice (KOS-KOR) did not. Substitution of WT mice as the source of organisms (WTS-KOR) or recipient host macrophages (KOS-WTR) restored adherence to that found with WTS-WTR mice. In contrast, when immunosuppressed KO and WT mice were ino...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: MICHAEL J. LINKE, ALAN A. ASHBAUGH, JUDITH V. KOCH, LINDA LEVIN, REIKO TANAKA, PETER D. WALZER Tags: Symposium: Advances in Evolutionary Protistology: a Symposium Honoring the Contributions of Tom Cavalier-Smith Source Type: journals

The Microaerophilic Flagellate, Trichomonas vaginalis, Contains Unusual Acyl Lipids but no Detectable CardiolipinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Previous lipid analysis of trichomonads has led to controversy as to whether these hydrogenosome-containing organisms contain cardiolipin (CL), which is a characteristic component of mitochondria. Here we report a careful lipid analysis of the sexually transmitted protist Trichomonas vaginalis. Major lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (42%) and phosphatidylcholine (20%) with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) (12%) and non-polar components. Two unusual lipids, acyl-PG (8%) and ceramide phosphorylethanolamine (2%), were also significant components. The structures of these lipids were confirmed by tandem...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: IRINA A. GUSCHINA, KRISTINA M. HARRIS, BEN MASKREY, BURT GOLDBERG, DAVID LLOYD, JOHN L. HARWOOD Tags: Symposium: Advances in Evolutionary Protistology: a Symposium Honoring the Contributions of Tom Cavalier-Smith Source Type: journals

A Model for Taxonomic Work on Homoxenous Coccidia: Redescription, Host Specificity, and Molecular Phylogeny of Eimeria ranae Dobell, 1909, with a Review of Anuran-Host Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. We attempt to extend knowledge of anuran Eimeria, and to provide a model for a complex approach to studies on coccidia. New host and geographic records of coccidia in European Anura are provided. In the second part, Eimeria ranaeDobell, 1909 is redescribed from European terrestrial frogs of the genus Rana based on light microscopic and ultrastructural data on both exogenous and endogenous developmental stages, host specificity, and molecular phylogenetic data. Results of experimental transmissions show for the first time that the host specificity of E. ranae is restricted to the genus Rana and that isolates from ...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: MILOSLAV JIRKŮ, MILAN JIRKŮ, MIROSLAV OBORNÍK, JULIUS LUKE[Scaron], DAVID MODRÝ Tags: Symposium: Advances in Evolutionary Protistology: a Symposium Honoring the Contributions of Tom Cavalier-Smith Source Type: journals

Protein Targeting into Secondary Plastids1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Most of the coding capacity of primary plastids is reserved for expressing some central components of the photosynthesis machinery and the translation apparatus. Thus, for the bulk of biochemical and cell biological reactions performed within the primary plastids, many nucleus-encoded components have to be transported posttranslationally into the organelle. The same is true for plastids surrounded by more than two membranes, where additional cellular compartments have to be supplied with nucleus-encoded proteins, leading to a corresponding increase in complexity of topogenic signals, transport and sorting machine...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: KATHRIN BOLTE, LARS BULLMANN, FRANZISKA HEMPEL, ANDREW BOZARTH, STEFAN ZAUNER, UWE-G. MAIER Tags: Symposium: Advances in Evolutionary Protistology: a Symposium Honoring the Contributions of Tom Cavalier-Smith Source Type: journals

Light Microscopic Observations, Ultrastructure, and Molecular Phylogeny of Hicanonectes teleskopos n. g., n. sp., a Deep-Branching Relative of DiplomonadsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe Hicanonectes teleskopos n. g., n. sp., a heterotrophic flagellate isolated from low-oxygen marine sediment. Hicanonectes teleskopos has a ventral groove and two unequal flagella, and rapidly rotates during swimming. At the ultrastructural level H. teleskopos is a "typical excavate": it displays flagellar vanes, a split right microtubular root, "I,""B," and "C" fibres, a singlet microtubular root, and a possible composite fibre. Small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene phylogenies and an "arched" B fibre demonstrate that H. teleskopos belongs to Fornicata (i.e. diplomonads, retortamonads, and relatives). It forms a cl...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: JONG SOO PARK, MARTIN KOLISKO, AARON A. HEISS, ALASTAIR G.B. SIMPSON Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The Distribution of Elongation Factor-1 Alpha (EF-1α), Elongation Factor-Like (EFL), and a Non-Canonical Genetic Code in the Ulvophyceae: Discrete Genetic Characters Support a Consistent Phylogenetic FrameworkEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. The systematics of the green algal class Ulvophyceae have been difficult to resolve with ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Therefore, we investigated relationships among ulvophycean orders by determining the distribution of two discrete genetic characters previously identified only in the order Dasycladales. First, Acetabularia acetabulum uses the core translation GTPase Elongation Factor 1[alpha] (EF-1[alpha]) while most Chlorophyta instead possess the related GTPase Elongation Factor-Like (EFL). Second, the nuclear genomes of dasycladaleans A. acetabulum and Batophora oerstedii use a rare non...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: GILLIAN H. GILE, PHILIP M. NOVIS, DAVID S. CRAGG, GIUSEPPE C. ZUCCARELLO, PATRICK J. KEELING Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Morphology, Biometry, and Taxonomy of Freshwater and Marine Interstitial Cyphoderia (Cercozoa: Euglyphida)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Good taxonomy is essential for ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary studies of any group of organisms. Therefore, we performed detailed light- and scanning electron microscopy investigations on the shell ultrastructure and biometric analyses of the morphometric variability of five freshwater and marine interstitial testate amoebae of the genus Cyphoderia (C. trochus var. amphoralis, C. ampulla, C. margaritacea var. major, C. compressa, and C. littoralis), isolated from different populations in Bulgaria and Switzerland. Our aims were (1) to clarify the morphological characteristics of these taxa, and (2) ...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: MILCHO TODOROV, VASSIL GOLEMANSKY, EDWARD A. D. MITCHELL, THIERRY J. HEGER Tags: Original Research Articles Source Type: journals

Paravahlkampfia francinae n. sp. Masquerading as an Agent of Primary Amoebic MeningoencephalitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT. Paravahlkampfia francinae n. sp., a new species of the free-living amoeba genus Paravahlkampfia, designated as CDC:V595, was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with headache, sore throat, and vomiting, typical symptoms of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri. The isolate grew at 33 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, and 42 °C and destroyed mammalian cell cultures. However, it did not kill young mice upon intranasal inoculation. P. francinae does not produce flagellates and does not grow on agar plates coated with Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, the usual food s...
Source: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - March 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: GOVINDA S. VISVESVARA, RAMA SRIRAM, YVONNE QVARNSTROM, KAKALI BANDYOPADHYAY, ALEXANDRE J. DA SILVA, NORMAN J. PIENIAZEK, GUY A. CABRAL Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals