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216 records returned

Distribution and morphology of argyrophilic cells in the digestive tract of the African ostrich.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We used light microscopy to elucidate the morphological features of argyrophilic cells in the digestive tract of the African ostrich (Struthio camelus). The results indicated that argyrophilic cells were found to be distributed among the epithelial cells of the mucosa or glands throughout the digestive tract, except for the esophagus; two types of argyrophilic cells were found; i.e., closed-type cells and cells with triangular or elongated shapes and with their apical cytoplasmic process in contact with the lumen (open-type cells); the greatest number of argyrophilic cells was found in the proventriculus, and the argyr...
Source: Tissue and Cell - October 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang JX, Peng KM, Liu HZ, Song H, Chen X, Min L Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural features of the columellar muscle and contractile protein analyses in different muscle groups of Megalobulimus abbreviatus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Megalobulimus abbreviatus, the ultrastructural features and the contractile proteins of columellar, pharyngeal and foot retractor muscles were studied. These muscles are formed from muscular fascicles distributed in different planes that are separated by connective tissue rich in collagen fibrils. These cells contain thick and thin filaments, the latter being attached to dense bodies, lysosomes, sarcoplasmic reticulum, caveolae, mitochondria and glycogen granules. Three types of muscle cells were distinguished: T1 cells displayed the largest amount of glycogen and an intermediate number of mitochondria, suggesting t...
Source: Tissue and Cell - October 12, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Rigon F, Mânica G, Guma F, Achaval M, Faccioni-Heuser MC Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Histochemical study on the intestine goblet cells in cichlid and poecilid species (Teleostei).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Histochemical properties of intestine goblet cells in firemouth cichlid, zebra mbuna, freshwater angelfish and platyfish are described. Goblet cells occurred regularly in the epithelial cell layer throughout the entire intestine, they were strongly coloured by alcian blue at pH 2.5. This colour got gradually weaker when the pH was reduced, but still after alcian blue at pH 0.2 these cells displayed a distinct blue colour. When the goblet cells were treated with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), they displayed a strong purple-magenta colour. The findings that a number of goblet cells displayed various colours between blue and...
Source: Tissue and Cell - October 12, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Leknes IL Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Passage through vertebrate gap junctions of 17/18kDa molecules is primarily dependent upon molecular configuration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In fish, amphibians and mammals, gap junctions of some cells allow passage of elongate molecules as large as 18kDa, while excluding smaller, less elongate molecules. Fluorescently labeled Calmodulin (17kDa) and fluorescently labeled Troponin-C (18kDa), when microinjected into oocytes of Danio rerio, Xenopus laevis or Mus domestica, were able to transit the gap junctions between these oocytes and the granulosa cells which surrounded them. Co-microinjected with these Ca(2+)-binding proteins, Texas-red-labeled dextran (10kDa) remained in the microinjected cell. Osteocalcin (6kDa), also a Ca(2+)-binding protein, but with a...
Source: Tissue and Cell - August 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cieniewicz AM, Woodruff RI Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Effects of rotator cuff ruptures on the cellular and intracellular composition of the human supraspinatus muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ruptures of the rotator cuff tendons of the human shoulder are a common incidence and lead to functional impairment of the four muscles connected to the cuff, entailing profound changes of their cellular tissue composition. Most importantly, such tendon tears lead to atrophy, fatty degeneration and fibrosis of the corresponding muscles. The muscle most commonly affected with such changes is the M. supraspinatus. The present study uses biopsy samples from the supraspinatus muscle of 12 elderly patients and 6 controls to examine the rupture-induced muscle change at both the cellular and the intracellular (ultrastructural...
Source: Tissue and Cell - August 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Steinbacher P, Tauber M, Kogler S, Stoiber W, Resch H, Sänger AM Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Establishment and characterization of an ovarian cell line of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A cell line BmN-SWU1 was established from the ovarian tissues of 3-day-old fourth instar Bombyx mori larvae of the 21-872nlw variety by performing primary cultures in Grace's medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cell line primarily consisted of short spindle cells and round cells. The frequency of cells with chromosome number 2n=56 was 80.5%; therefore, the cell line was considered to be a diploid cell line. The population-doubling time (PDT) at 45th passage line was 57.7h. This cell line was susceptible to the B. mori nuclear polyhedrovirus (BmNPV), and the median tissue culture infective dose (T...
Source: Tissue and Cell - August 5, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Pan MH, Cai XJ, Liu M, Lv J, Tang H, Tan J, Lu C Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human fetal lung: Potential differentiation of germ cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pluripotent mesenchymal stem-like cell lines were established from lungs of 3-4 months old aborted fetus. The cells present the high ex vivo expansion potential of MSC, a typical fibroblast-like morphology and proliferate up to 15 passages without displaying clear changes in morphology. Immunological localization and flow cytometry analyses showed that these cells are positive for OCT4, c-Kit, CD11, CD29, CD44, telomerase, CD106, CD105, CD166, and SSEA1, weakly expression or negative for SSEA1, SSEA3, SSEA4, CD34, CD105 and CD106. These cells can give rise to the adipogenic as evidenced by accumulation of lipid-rich va...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 31, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Hua J, Yu H, Dong W, Yang C, Gao Z, Lei A, Sun Y, Pan S, Wu Y, Dou Z Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Live for the moment-Adaptations in the male genital system of a sexually cannibalistic spider (Theridiidae, Araneae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Monogyny in spiders culminates in extreme traits, like dramatic male self-sacrifice and emasculation of the male by the female during copulation. Here we show that monogynous males can be highly adapted for this fatal sexual behaviour. Dwarf males of the one-palped theridiid spider Tidarren argo, which are cannibalised immediately after the insertion of their single copulatory organ, stop spermiogenesis when reaching adulthood. Their testes atrophy, which might economise the energy expenditures of these males. We also found that the amount of seminal fluid produced is stored in an enlarged seminal vesicle until the sin...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Michalik P, Knoflach B, Thaler K, Alberti G Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

The role of cell death in the midgut epithelium in Filientomon takanawanum (Protura).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Midgut epithelium in Filientomon takanawanum is composed of epithelial cells and single, sporadic regenerative cells. In 80% of analyzed specimens midgut epithelial cells, as fat body and gonads, are infected with rickettsia-like microorganism. In non-infected specimens young and completely differentiated epithelial cells are distinguished among epithelial cells. Characteristic for midgut epithelial cells regionalization in organelles distribution is not observed. Autophagy is the sporadic process, but if the cytoplasm of epithelium cells possesses numerous spherites and sporadic autophagosomes, the apoptosis begins. N...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Rost-Roszkowska MM, Machida R, Fukui M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Comparative study of the characteristics and properties of tendinocytes derived from three tendons in the equine forelimb.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to determine the characteristic differences in tendinocytes derived from tendons in the equine forelimb, superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and common digital extensor tendon (CDET), in morphology, proliferation, collagen production ability and ability for synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Significant differences were observed in cell number in vivo. The cellular number was largest in the SDFT and smallest in the CDET. The values of in vitro proliferation ratios and ability for synthesis of collagen and MMPs were largest in the SDFT and sma...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 26, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Hosaka YZ, Takahashi H, Uratsuji T, Tangkawattana P, Ueda H, Takehana K Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Formation and rearrangement of spermatodesms in males of some Orthoptera Tettigoniidae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the male genital tract of Tettigoniidae, the spermatodesms are composed of a limited number of spermatozoa whose nuclei and acrosomes are covered by a mucous cap. The formation of the cap begins in the testicular cyst during the lengthening of the apical prolongations of the spermatids and the spermatids' simultaneous division into small bundles or spermatodesms. The cap material is formed from a loosely arranged material in the lumen of the cyst, probably produced by the secretory activity of the delimiting cells. Another characteristic aspect of the Tettigoniidae is the rearrangement of the cap inside the spermidu...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sottile L, Brundo MV, Viscuso R Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Distribution of dopamine and octopamine in the central nervous system and ovary during the ovarian maturation cycle of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dopamine (DA), octopamine (OA) and serotonin (5-HT) are the key neurotransmitters that control gonadal development in decapod crustaceans. 5-HT stimulates, while DA and OA delay gonadal development in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the present study, we have further investigated the distribution patterns of DA and OA in the central nervous system (CNS) and ovary during various stages of the ovarian maturation cycle of this giant freshwater prawn. DA- and OA-immunoreactive neurons and fibers were distributed extensively in several regions of the brain, subesophageal ganglion (SEG), thoracic ganglia and abdominal ganglia....
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Tinikul Y, Mercier AJ, Sobhon P Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Changes in the number and volume of NPY and VIP neurons from periprostatic accessory vegetative ganglia in pre- and peripubertal rats. A stereological study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The amount of neurons of periprostatic accessory ganglia in pre- and peripubertal rats was studied to ascertain whether the development of these autonomic ganglia is androgen-dependent. Stereological estimates of the volumes and number of neurons immunoreactive to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were carried out. Immunostaining of androgen receptors (AR) in the ganglia was also performed. The ganglionic neurons from the two groups studied were immunoreactive to PGP 9.5, NPY, and VIP. Almost all the neurons were immunostained for AR. The ganglionic vo...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Pozuelo JM, Rodríguez R, Arriazu R, Ingelmo I, Martín R, Santamaría L Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Cellular proliferation in complicated versus uncomplicated atherosclerotic lesions: Total cell population, foam cells and newly formed microvessels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we attempted to evaluate overall proliferation rates in general, as well as foam cells and the endothelial cells lining newly formed plaque microvessels in particular. For this purpose, cellular proliferation was assessed through immunohistochemical staining for PCNA in 10 fresh human carotid artery samples received from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Overall proliferative activity was found significantly higher (P</=0.01) among complicated type VI lesions compared to uncomplicated type V lesions. A similar assessment focused on foam cells alone also revealed a significantly higher (P</=0.0...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Manolakou P, Angelopoulou R, Bakoyiannis C, Psathas E, Bastounis E, Kavantzas N, Patsouris E Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Turnover of pigment granules: Cyclic catabolism and anabolism of ommochromes within epidermal cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ommochromes are end products of the tryptophan metabolism in arthropods. While the anabolism of ommochromes has been well studied, the catabolism is totally unknown. In order to study it, we used the crab-spider Misumena vatia, which is able to change color reversibly in a few days, from yellow to white and back. Ommochromes is the only pigment class responsible for the body coloration in this animal. The aim of this study was to analyze the fine structure of the epidermal cells in bleaching spiders, in an attempt to correlate morphological changes with the fate of the pigment granules. Central to the process of bleach...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Insausti TC, Casas J Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Ovipositor ultrastructure of the striped bitterling Acheilognathus yamatsutae (Teleostei: Acheilognathinae) during spawning season.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ovipositor of striped bitterling Acheilognathus yamatsutae was subjected to ultrastructure and histochemical analysis during spawning season using light and electron microscopy. Although the ovipositor of A. yamatsutae is a long cylindrical tube with smooth external surface, it was possible to confirm the presence of well-developed fingerprint structure using scanning electron microscopy. Internal aspect analysis of ovipositor revealed formation of 5-8 longitudinal folds. Cross section analysis revealed that the ovipositor is composed of an outer epithelial layer, a mid connective tissue layer, and an inner epithel...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Jin YG, Park JJ, An CM, Lee JS Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Human intervertebral disc-derived cells are recruited by human serum and form nucleus pulposus-like tissue upon stimulation with TGF-beta3 or hyaluronan in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aims of this work were to test whether human intervertebral disc-derived nucleus pulposus cells (hNP-cells) are attracted by human serum and to analyze if matrix generation from hNP-cells is promoted under the influence of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) or hyaluronan (HA) in vitro. Using the multi-well chemotaxis assay to determine cell migration under the influence of different concentrations of human serum, it was demonstrated that dedifferentiated hNP-cells are able to migrate towards a serum fraction gradient in a concentration-dependent manner. Re-differentiation capacity of hNP-cells in 3D micro...
Source: Tissue and Cell - July 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Haberstroh K, Enz A, Zenclussen ML, Hegewald AA, Neumann K, Abbushi A, Thomé C, Sittinger M, Endres M, Kaps C Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Expression profile of MTA1 in adult mouse tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
MTA1, as a constituent of the nucleosome-remodeling and -deacetylation complex (NuRD), is thought to modulate transcription by influencing the status of chromatin remodeling. Despite its strong correlation with the metastatic potential of several cancer cell lines and tissues, MTA1 can also regulate divergent cellular pathways by modifying the acetylation status of crucial target genes. However, its fundamental physiological functions have not been characterized. To further address the possible physiological role of this protein in mammals, the authors examined the expression pattern of mouse MTA1 in a variety of adult...
Source: Tissue and Cell - June 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Li W, Ma L, Zhao J, Liu X, Li Z, Zhang Y Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

The identification and localization of two intermediate filament proteins in the tunic of Styela plicata (Tunicata, Styelidae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The intermediate filament (IF) proteins Styela C and Styela D from the tunicate Styela (Urochordata) are co-expressed in all epidermal cells and they are thought to behave as type I and type II keratins. These two IF proteins, Styela C and Styela D, were identified in immunoblots of proteins isolated from the tunic of Styela plicata. The occurrence and distribution of these proteins within the tunic of this ascidian was examined by means of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, using anti-Styela C and anti-Styela D antibodies. In addition, immuno-electron microscopy of the tunic showed that the two protei...
Source: Tissue and Cell - June 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Di Bella MA, Carbone MC, D'Amato M, Alessandro R, De Leo G Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural study of archaeological Vitis vinifera L. seeds using rapid-freeze fixation and substitution.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ultrastructure of Vitis vinifera seeds from different archaeological sites was studied. Preservation status differed between sites. Preliminary investigations of grape seeds from Poggio Bacherina (Chianciano Terme, Siena) and Miranduolo (Chiusdino, Siena) showed collapsed or charred tegument, making this material suitable for morphometric studies only. Rapid-freeze fixation and substitution of grape seeds from Shahr-I Sokhta in Iran and via De' Castellani in Florence revealed well preserved tegument suitable for chemical and cytochemical analysis. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to determine chemical...
Source: Tissue and Cell - April 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Milanesi C, Vignani R, Ciacci A, Nardini A, Valenti M, Cantini F, Ciampolini F, Faleri C, Cresti M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Light and electron microscopy study of the salivary glands of the carnivorous opisthobranch Philinopsis depicta (Mollusca, Gastropoda).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the salivary glands of the carnivorous cephalaspidean Philinopsis depicta were observed by light and electron microscopy. The secretory epithelium of these ribbon-shaped glands is formed by ciliated cells, granular cells and cells with apical vacuole. In ciliated cells the nucleus and most cytoplasmic organelles are located in the wider apical region and a very thin stalk reaches the base of the epithelium. These cells possess significant amounts of glycogen. Granular cells are packed with electron-dense secretory granules and also contain several cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi stacks. Th...
Source: Tissue and Cell - April 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lobo-da-Cunha A, Ferreira I, Coelho R, Calado G Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Internal anatomy and ultrastructure of the male reproductive system of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Decapoda: Brachyura).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The morphology and function of the male reproductive system in the spider crab Maja brachydactyla, an important commercial species, is described using light and electron microscopy. The reproductive system follows the pattern found among brachyuran with several peculiarities. The testis, known as tubular testis, consists of a single, highly coiled seminiferous tubule divided all along by an inner epithelium into germinal, transformation, and evacuation zones, each playing a different role during spermatogenesis. The vas deferens (VD) presents diverticula increasing in number and size towards the median VD, where sperma...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 31, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Simeó CG, Ribes E, Rotllant G Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Endopolyploidization and the interstitial invasion of the supergiant trophoblast cells of the field vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The supergiant trophoblast cells characteristic of vole placenta prove to be highly invasive being found at the boundary of the decidualized endometrium and myometrium. Their size (100mum and higher) suggests them to be highly polyploid, though their ploidy was not determined by now. We performed determination of the ploidy level of the supergiant trophoblast cells (SuGT) in order to verify whether the highly polyploid trophoblast cells are capable of deep intrauterine invasion. Anti-Cytokeratin trophoblast immunolabelling were performed to estimate the ways of the SuGT migration. DNA content measurement with help of i...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zybina EV, Bogdanova MS, Stein GI, Vlasova TD, Zybina TG Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Cell turnover and gene activities in sheep mammary glands prior to lambing to involution.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, apoptosis was identified by TUNEL staining and then related to cell proliferation, as determined by Ki-67 staining. The apoptotic index was at its highest at 8 days of involution, whereas the proliferation index was at its highest during lactation. Caspase-3 was immunolocalised only in mast cells and along the basal membrane in the mammary tissue at -10 days from lambing, 150 days of lactation and at 8 days of involution. This finding could indicate that caspase-3 is not involved in sheep mammary gland apoptosis, but that other proteins - such as apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) - can trigger apoptosis, throu...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 26, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Colitti M, Farinacci M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Preliminary study of sperm chromatin characteristics of the brachyuran crab Maja brachydactyla. Histones and nucleosome-like structures in decapod crustacean sperm nuclei previously described without SNBPs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An interesting characteristic of decapod crustacean sperm nuclei is that they do not contain highly packaged chromatin. In the present study we re-examine the presence of DNA-interacting proteins in sperm nuclei of the brachyuran Maja brachydactyla. Although previous reports have indicated that, unlike the majority of sperm cells, DNA of decapod sperm is not organized by basic proteins, in this work we show that: (1) histones are present in sperm of M. brachydactyla; (2) histones are associated with sperm DNA; (3) histone H3 appears in lower proportions than the other core histones, while histone H2B appears in higher ...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kurtz K, Ausió J, Chiva M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Hydrogenosomes under microscopy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A hydrogenosome is a hydrogen-producing organelle, evolutionary related to mitochondria and is found in Parabasalia protozoa, certain chytrid fungi and certain ciliates. It displays similarities to and differences from mitochondria. Hydrogenosomes are spherical or slightly elongated organelles, although very elongated hydrogenosomes are also found. They measure from 200nm to 1mum, but under stress conditions can reach up to 2mum. Hydrogenosomes are surrounded by two closely apposed membranes and present a granular matrix. Cardiolipin has been detected in their membranes, and frataxin, which is a conserved mitochondrial...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Benchimol M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Morphometrical and intracellular changes in rat ovaries following chronic administration of ghrelin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of our investigation was to examine the influence of chronic administration of ghrelin on the rat ovarian state. Morphometrical and intracellular changes in the ovary of 35-d female Wistar rats after sc injection of 1nmol of ghrelin for 10 consecutive days were studied. Control animals (n=10) were injected with normal saline using similar method. The ovaries were collected on days 1 and 6 after last injection from each group and subjected to light microscopic morphometric and electron microscopic analysis. It was demonstrated that the number of corpora lutea was significantly lower and the number of ovarian fol...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kheradmand A, Roshangar L, Taati M, Sirotkin AV Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Surface ultrastructure of gill arches and gill rakers in relation to feeding of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The surface ultrastructure of the gill arches and the gill rakers of an herbivorous fish, Cirrhinus mrigala was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. These structures show significant adaptive modifications associated with the food and feeding ecology of the fish. Closely lying short gill rakers and narrow inter-raker channels on the gill arches are associated to filter and retain food particles. Prominent epithelial protuberances on the gill rakers and the gill arches enable the taste buds, located at their summit, to project well above the surface of the epithelium. This could increase the efficiency of the t...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 2, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kumari U, Yashpal M, Mittal S, Mittal AK Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Effect of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 on the post-thaw viability of cryopreserved human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have previously been reported to be susceptible to cryopreservation-induced apoptosis. A significant fraction of MSC lose their viability during freeze-thawing, which represent a major technical barrier in attaining adequate viable cell numbers for optimal efficacy in transplantation therapy. Recently, it was reported that a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 could enhance the post-thaw viability and physiological function of cryopreserved human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Hence, this study attempted to investigate whether Y-27632 can exert a similar b...
Source: Tissue and Cell - March 2, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Heng BC Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

A light and transmission electron microscope study of the distribution and ultrastructural features of peripheral nerve processes in the extra-retinal layers of the zebrafish eye.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The distribution and ultrastructural features of peripheral nerve processes in the extra-retinal layers of the eyes of the zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), were investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. A comparative study of the quality of preservation provided by three different fixation procedures revealed no consistently striking general differences. However, somewhat subjectively, the fixative containing Millonig's buffer did consistently provide better fixation of myelin. Overall, nerve processes, depending on the site studied, were distributed as either (1) bundles (in the choroid near the...
Source: Tissue and Cell - February 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Chapman GB, Tarboush R, Eagles DA, Connaughton VP Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

The morphological study on the adrenal gland of African ostrich chicks.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The morphology of the adrenal gland has been studied for a number of animal species all over the world, yet the detailed data about ostrich chick has not been reported. In the present study, the morphological features of the adrenal gland in African ostrich chicks were investigated by means of gross anatomy, light and electron microscope. Differences between the left and right adrenal glands were found in shape, size and location. The interrenal tissue and chromaffin cell interdigitated irregularly. The interrenal tissue was divided into a peripheral zone (PZ) and a central inner zone (CZ), and the PZ was further disti...
Source: Tissue and Cell - February 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Tang L, Peng KM, Wang JX, Luo HQ, Cheng JY, Zhang GY, Sun YF, Liu HZ, Song H Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Histochemical analysis of glycoproteins in the secretory cells in the gill epithelium of a catfish, Rita rita (Siluriformes, Bagridae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glycoproteins (GPs) were visualised histochemically in the secretory cells - the mucous goblet cells (the type A and the type B), the serous goblet cells, the club cells and the epithelial cells in the gill epithelium of Rita rita. The type A mucous goblet cells, the type B mucous goblet cells and the epithelial cells elaborate GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols and GPs with sialic acid residue without O-acyl substitution. In addition, GPs with O-sulphate esters are elaborated by the type A and GPs with O-acyl sugars by the type B mucous goblet cells. GPs are absent in the serous goblet cells and are with oxidizable vic...
Source: Tissue and Cell - February 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kumari U, Yashpal M, Mittal S, Mittal AK Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Crystalline inclusions in hepatocytes and associated interhepatocytic macrophages from female Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica Kar.).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When characterizing the liver ultrastructure in Ohrid trout, we noticed that cells often displayed unusual cytoplasmic crystalline inclusions. Their morphology varied much, concerning the size, shape and electron density, showing aspects never reported in fish liver. In hepatocytes, the inclusions existed in close topographical relationship with dense bodies (often within them). Such "crystals" inclusions also existed in macrophages and in biliary passages lumina. Data revealed seasonal/breeding-related changes of the dense bodies and crystalline inclusions within hepatocytes; decreasing from the earliest to the more a...
Source: Tissue and Cell - February 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Jordanova M, Miteva N, Santos N, Malhão F, Rocha E Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Tensile strain induces integrin beta1 and ILK expression higher and faster in 3D cultured rat skeletal myoblasts than in 2D cultures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
According to previous research, integrin beta1 and ILK play an important role in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-integrin-cytoskeleton pathway for mechanotransduction. The aim of this study was to investigate strain induced integrin beta1 and ILK expression in three-dimensional (3D) and in two-dimensional (2D) cultured rat skeletal myoblasts. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat skeletal myoblasts were isolated and seeded on the PLGA-collagen composite scaffolds. The 3D cultured and the conventionally 2D monolayer cultured myoblasts were loaded 2000mustrain tensile strain at 0.5Hz for 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h and 24h, respectively with the s...
Source: Tissue and Cell - February 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Fan X, Zou R, Zhao Z, Yang P, Li Y, Song J Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Cytokine mediated proliferation of cultured sea turtle blood cells: Morphologic and functional comparison to human blood cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Blood cells from three different sea turtle species were cultured for approximately 3 weeks in nutrient medium supplemented with recombinant human cytokines known to induce terminal maturation of human hematological stem cells. Cultured turtle erythrocytes were translucent, approximately 10x larger than human erythrocytes, contained a single fluorescent inclusion body, contained nuclear epsilon (embryonic) globin proteins, and, absent of organelles while fresh cells contained few, but well defined mitochondria. Cells with basophilic cytoplasm and in all stages of proliferation were observed in cytokine-supplemented cul...
Source: Tissue and Cell - February 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Morgan DA, Class R, Violetta G, Soslau G Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Effect of different ascorbate supplementations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine high-density pellet cultures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we evaluate and compare the effect of different ascorbate forms and concentrations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine chondrocyte high-density pellet cultures. l-ascorbate, sodium l-ascorbate, and l-ascorbate-2-phosphate were administered in 100muM, 200muM, and 400muM in the culture medium over 16 days. Pellet thickness increased independently from the supplemented ascorbate form and concentration. Hydroxyproline content increased as well, but here, medium concentration of AsAP and low concentration of AsA showed a more pronounced effect. Proteoglycan and collagen formation were evaluated histologica...
Source: Tissue and Cell - January 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ibold Y, Lübke C, Pelz S, Augst H, Kaps C, Ringe J, Sittinger M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Glycoprofile of the different cell types present in the mucosa of the horse guttural pouches.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Histochemical characterization of the equine guttural pouches was performed using lectins combined with sialidase digestion and deglycosylation pre-treatments. The goblet cells contained O- and N-linked oligosaccharides with alpha-Fuc, GlcNAc moieties whereas beta-GalNAc, beta-Gal-(1-3)-GalNAc, beta-Gal-(1-4)-GlcNAc and alpha-Gal residues belonged only to O-linked glycoproteins. The acinar and ductal cells expressed alpha-Man/alpha-Glc in N-linked oligosaccharides, GlcNAc in both O- and N-glycoproteins and beta-GalNAc, beta-Gal-(1-3)-GalNAc, beta-Gal-(1-4)-GlcNAc and alpha-Gal residues included in O-linked glycoprotein...
Source: Tissue and Cell - January 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Parillo F, Arias MP, Supplizi AV Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Melanogenesis in dermal melanocytes of Japanese Silky chicken embryos.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study characterizes ultrastructurally the melanin granules developing in dermal melanocytes of the dorsal skin of SK, in an attempt to better understand the processes of melanogenesis in these permanently ectopic cells. The steps of melanogenesis are similar to those described for epidermal melanocytes, with melanosomes going from stage I to IV but, in SK, the maturation occurs in the cell body, as well as in the cytoplasmic processes. At stage III, the deposition of melanin is cumulative and can aggregate in rounded structures, which combine to turn into the mature granule. The final destiny of mature melanosomes is ...
Source: Tissue and Cell - January 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ortolani-Machado CF, Freitas PF, Faraco CD Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Distributions of the endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of nectarivorous and sanguivorous bats: A comparative immunocytochemical study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study was conducted to clarify the influence of feeding habits on regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells secreting cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAS), serotonin (5-HT) and enteroglucagon (GLUC) in the nectarivorous Anoura geoffroyi and Glossophaga soricina and the sanguivorous Desmodus rotundus bats of the Phyllostomidae family, by specific immunohistochemical methods. The regional distribution and frequency of the different types of endocrine cells varied according to their location in the GIT. 5-HT immunoreactive cells (IR), detected throughout the GIT of three bats, were the mo...
Source: Tissue and Cell - January 7, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Machado-Santos C, Nascimento AA, Peracchi AL, Mikalauskas JS, Rocha PA, Sales A Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural features and elemental distribution in eggshell during pre and post hatching periods in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas at Ras Al-Hadd, Oman.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Eggshells were randomly collected from turtle nests immediately after oviposition and at the end of incubation to examine the ultrastructural features using scanning JSM-5600LV microscopy. Three layers were recognized; an outer calcareous, a middle multistrata and an inner membrane. The calcareous layer had loose nodular units varying in shape and size without interlocking attachments. In freshly laid eggs, each nodular unit had spicules arranged in folded stacks. The spicules became unfolded during incubation, to form radiating configurations. Elemental composition and mapping of the layers were analyzed using energy ...
Source: Tissue and Cell - January 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Al-Bahry SN, Mahmoud IY, Al-Amri IS, Ba-Omar TA, Melgheit KO, Al-Kindi AY Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Gonad plasticity and gametogenesis in the endangered Spanish toothcarp Aphanius iberus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Spanish toothcarp Aphanius iberus is an endangered species which inhabits small rivers, creeks, salt marshes and marine salt pans in the Mediterranean coast of Spain. No differences in weights were observed among females or males taken from different environments. Analyses of the morphology of the gonads and the gametogenesis were performed in fish taken from different environments by comparing gamete development in females and in males and gonadal cell proliferation in the testis. A high degree of plasticity was observed in the gonad morphology of A. iberus. Females possess two ovaries which show non-restricted oo...
Source: Tissue and Cell - December 26, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: García-Alonso J, Ruiz-Navarro A, Chaves-Pozo E, Torralva M, García-Ayala A Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Immunocytochemistry and protein analysis suggest that reptilian claws contain small high cysteine-glycine proteins.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study analyzes the structure and the main proteins of reptilian claws. Mature claws are formed by two to four layers of keratinocytes, a transitional layer of spindle-shaped cells and a thick corneous layer. Transitional cells elongate and merge into a compact corneous layer that is immunoreactive for beta-keratins, now indicated as sauropsid keratin-associated proteins (sKAPs). Most proteins extracted from claws in representative reptiles have a molecular weight of 13-20kDa, an acidic to basic isoelectric point, and are identified from the positive immunoreactivity to beta-keratin antibodies. The comparati...
Source: Tissue and Cell - December 4, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Alibardi L, Toni M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Structural evaluation of the effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on the testis of Calomys callosus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chronic exposure to ethanol may results in pathophysiologic changes in cellular function. The present work was designed to investigate the morphology of testis submitted to experimental ethanol ingestion. Experimental animals were divided into two groups. The control group (n=23) received a solid diet and tap water and the alcoholic group (n=23) received the same solid diet and ethanol P.A. diluted 20% in water (v/v). After 120 days of treatment, all animals were anesthetized, weighed and sacrificed. Testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in serum were lower in the alcoholic group than in the control group. Histol...
Source: Tissue and Cell - December 4, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Martinez M, Macera S, de Assis GF, Pinheiro PF, Almeida CC, Tirapelli LF, Martins OA, Mello-Júnior W, Padovani CR, Martinez FE Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Effect of 6mT static magnetic field on the bcl-2, bax, p53 and hsp70 expression in freshly isolated and in vitro aged human lymphocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An increasing number of evidence indicates that static magnetic fields (SMFs) are capable of altering apoptosis, mainly through modulation of Ca(2+) influx. Here we present data that suggest apoptotic-related gene expression as an alternative pathway, through which exposure to 6milliTesla (mT) SMF can interfere with apoptosis. Exposure to 6mT SMF affects the apoptotic rate (spontaneous and drug-induced) and [Ca(2+)](i) in isolated human lymphocytes; the aged cells are more susceptible to exposure than fresh ones. The exposure to 6mT exerted a protective effect on chemical or physical-induced apoptosis, irrespective of ...
Source: Tissue and Cell - December 1, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Tenuzzo B, Vergallo C, Dini L Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Gross morphology and surface ultrastructure of the gills of Odontesthes argentinensis (Actinopterygii, Atherinopsidae) from a Southwestern Atlantic coastal lagoon.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Odontesthes argentinensis was collected from Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon, the Southernmost coastal Atlantic Lagoon of Argentina. The morphology of the gills was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of the superficial structures of the gill filaments and pharyngeal region of the gill arch was discussed and related to their functional aspects. The gills arches are structurally similar to those of other teleosts and bring out the osmoregulatory capacity of this species. The epithelium that covers the surface of the filaments and the pharyngeal region of the gill arch is formed by polygonal pavement cel...
Source: Tissue and Cell - November 28, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Díaz AO, Castro MG, García AM, Díaz de Astarloa JM, Figueroa DE Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Pertinent cell population to characterize periodontal disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this in situ study is to quantify the inflammatory cell subsets and the area fraction (AA%) occupied by collagen fibers in human healthy and diseased (four different stages) gingival connective tissue in order to establish a possible correlation between periodontal disease resulting in collagen breakdown and specific inflammatory cell subsets. Paraffin gingival tissue sections from eight healthy controls (group 0), 10 patients with gingivitis (group 1), 10 patients with moderate periodontitis (group 2) and 10 patients with severe periodontitis (group 3) were immunohistochemically investigated using antib...
Source: Tissue and Cell - November 28, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Younes R, Ghorra C, Khalife S, Igondo-Tchen-Chantogade S, Yousfi M, Willig C, Senni K, Godeau G, Naaman N Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Nitric oxide stimulates embryonic somatotroph differentiation and growth hormone mRNA and protein expression through a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-independent mechanism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have investigated the regulatory effects of NO on somatotroph differentiation, proliferation and GH mRNA and protein expression using primary cell cultures of mice fetal pituitaries (embryonic days 16.5, ED 16.5). Our results show that incubation of pituitary cells in the presence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 1mM), a NO donor, for 4.5h resulted in a significant increase in GH mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05) and the stimulation of SNP can be inhibited by hemoglobin, a NO scavenger. But the addition of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP; 3.0mM), the second messenger of multiple NO actions cannot ...
Source: Tissue and Cell - November 17, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen HP, Zhang L, Xu BH, Kang LM, Yang SL, Zeng HH, Shi XY Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural and proliferative features of the ventral lobe of the prostate in non-obese diabetic mice (NOD) following androgen and estrogen replacement associated to insulin therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diabetes causes harmful effects on prostatic function. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize morphological and proliferative features of the prostate of diabetic mice after long-term glycemic control and testosterone and estrogen replacement. A total of 48 mice (Nod and BALBc) were used. After 20 days in a diabetic state, the mice were divided into six groups: the control group received a 5mL/kg dose of peanut oil; the diabetic group received the same treatment as the control group; the diabetic-insulin group received 4IU doses of insulin; the diabetic-testosterone group received a 5mg/kg dose of testostero...
Source: Tissue and Cell - November 17, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Fávaro WJ, Padovani CR, Cagnon VH Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Ultrastructure of oogenesis of two oviparous demosponges: Axinella damicornis and Raspaciona aculeata (Porifera).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the cytology of the oogenic cycle in two oviparous demosponges, Axinella damicornis and Raspaciona aculeata, during 2 consecutive years both by light and electron microscopy. Oocytes of both species were similar in their basic morphological features but differences were noticed in time required to complete oocyte maturation and mechanisms of acquisition of nutritional reserves. The oogenic cycle of A. damicornis extended for 7-8 months in autumn-spring, while that of R. aculeata did it for 3-5 months in summer-autumn. Yolk of A. damicornis was predominantly formed by autosynthesis. Oocytes endocytosed b...
Source: Tissue and Cell - October 15, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Riesgo A, Maldonado M Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals

Sperm structure and ultrastructure of the Melittobia hawaiiensis, Perkins and M. australica, Girault (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Spermatozoa morphology has, for some years, been used to help answer some phylogenetic questions for Hymenoptera. This is the second study describing spermatozoa morphology of an Eulophidae species in which important characteristics were observed. Melittobia spermatozoa are spiralled and measure approximately 270mum in length. The head contains a small acrosome, apparently formed only by an acrosomal vesicle, which, together with the initial nuclear region, is surrounded by an extracellular sheath, from which innumerable filaments irradiate. The nucleus is helicoidal and completely filled with compact chromatin. A cent...
Source: Tissue and Cell - October 6, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Brito P, Lino-Neto J, Dolder H Tags: Tissue Cell Source Type: journals