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Surveillance for transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Colombo and Gampaha districts of Sri Lanka following mass drug administration
Conclusions Decline in bancroftian microfilaraemia (microfilaria rate 0.32% to zero) supports elimination, but re-emergence of brugian filariasisis (antibody rate, 1.6%; one microfilaria positive) is a cause for concern. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Chandrasena, N. T. G. A., Premaratna, R., Samarasekera, D. S., de Silva, N. R. Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

Leishmania recombinant antigen modulates macrophage effector function facilitating early clearance of intracellular parasites
Conclusion The study demonstrates immunomodulatory potential of rA6 and presents first evidence on synergism between rA6 and anti-leishmanial drugs, thus placing it as a promising candidate for adjunct therapy. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ratna, A., Arora, S. K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IFN{gamma} (+874 A/T) and IFN{gamma}R1 (-56 C/T) in Iranian patients with TB
Conclusions The cause of active TB in the patients seems to be due to the lack of effective IFN function or the lack of effective signaling connection between IFN and its receptor in presence of –56 C/T polymorphism in promoter region of IFNR1 gene. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Beiranvand, E., Abediankenari, S., Valiyari, S., Rezaei, M. S., Rostamian, M., Beiranvand, B., Khaligh, A., Khani, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

An extensive burden of giardiasis associated with intestinal schistosomiasis and anaemia in school children on the shoreline of Lake Albert, Uganda
Conclusions In this setting, an extensive burden of giardiasis was revealed with heavy intensity infections associated with egg-patent intestinal schistosomiasis and anaemia. To improve child health, greater attention on giardiasis is needed along with exploring joined-up actions across diseases that promote better water hygiene and sanitation measures. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Al-Shehri, H., Stanton, M. C., LaCourse, J. E., Atuhaire, A., Arinaitwe, M., Wamboko, A., Adriko, M., Kabatereine, N. B., Stothard, J. R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Impact of introducing subsidized combination treatment with artemether-lumefantrine on sales of anti-malarial monotherapies: a survey of private sector pharmacies in Huambo, Angola
Conclusions Subsidized ACTs can attain rapidly a high relative market share. Their introduction reduced, but did not eliminate the demand for less effective monotherapies, that might favor parasite resistance. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Lussiana, C., Floridia, M., Martinho do Rosario, J., Fortes, F., Allan, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Community seroprevalence survey for yaws and trachoma in the Western Division of Fiji
In this study there was neither clinical nor serological evidence that transmission of yaws was ongoing. The Pgp3 seroprevalence pattern was consistent with either low level transmission of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis or exposure to C. trachomatis in the birth canal which is consistent with a survey conducted in the same region in 2013. These data suggest neither yaws nor ocular chlamydia infection are a significant public health problem in the Western Division of Fiji. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Cocks, N., Rainima-Qaniuci, M., Yalen, C., Macleod, C., Nakolinivalu, A., Migchelsen, S., Roberts, C. h., Butcher, R., Kama, M., Mabey, D., Marks, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Is diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) associated with increased female mortality? A meta-analysis testing the hypotheses of sex-differential non-specific effects of DTP vaccine
Conclusions The two hypotheses were confirmed in the studies that fulfilled pre-specified criteria. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Aaby, P., Ravn, H., Fisker, A. B., Rodrigues, A., Benn, C. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Housing improvement: a novel paradigm for urban vector-borne disease control?
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 8, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Vazquez-Prokopec, G. M., Lenhart, A., Manrique-Saide, P. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Clinical characteristics of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Okinawa, Japan, 1974-2015: high incidence of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Conclusions We found a wide variety of clinical manifestations, epidemiological exposures, and causative serovars of disease in an endemic region of Japan. We also found that JHR occurs frequently, and its recognition may be important for the diagnosis and management of leptospirosis in the early stage when laboratory confirmation is pending. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Tsuha, S., Taniguchi, T., Shiiki, S., Narita, M., Leung, D. T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

High frequency detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in human neonatal tissue from Libya
Conclusions This study shows a high frequency presence of T. gondii DNA associated with neonatal tissue at birth in this cohort of 276 neonates from Libya. Although PCR cannot detect living parasites, there is the possibility that this indicates a higher than usual frequency of congenital transmission. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Haq, S. Z. H., Abushahama, M. S., Gerwash, O., Hughes, J. M., Wright, E. A., Elmahaishi, M. S., Lun, Z.-R., Thomasson, D., Hide, G. Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Evaluation of anti-Cathepsin L1: a more reliable method for serodiagnosis of human fasciolosis
Conclusions Cathepsin L1 has acceptable sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of F. hepatica and its application could be advantageous in immunoassay development. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mokhtarian, K., Akhlaghi, L., Mohammadi, M., Meamar, A. R., Razmjou, E., Khoshmirsafa, M., Falak, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Impact of rapid molecular diagnostic tests on time to treatment initiation and outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Tamil Nadu, India
Conclusion Rapid molecular diagnostic tests shortened the time to initiate treatment which was associated with reduced unfavourable outcomes in MDR-TB patients. This supports the policy to scale up these tests in India. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Nair, D., Navneethapandian, P. D., Tripathy, J. P., Harries, A. D., Klinton, J. S., Watson, B., Sivaramakrishnan, G. N., Reddy, D. S., Murali, L., Natrajan, M., Swaminathan, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Sex-differential effects on mortality of BCG and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in a rural area with high vaccination coverage: observational study from Senegal
Conclusions Whereas BCG co-administered with DTP-IPV was associated with lower female than male mortality, subsequent DTP-IPV vaccinations were associated with an increase in female mortality relative to male mortality. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Aaby, P., Nielsen, J., Benn, C. S., Trape, J.-F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Neurocysticercosis in Bhutan: a cross-sectional study in people with epilepsy
Conclusions Neurocysticercosis was associated with 6–25% of epilepsy in a Bhutanese cohort. Combining EITB and MRI would aid the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis among PWE since no test identified all cases. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Brizzi, K., Pelden, S., Tshokey, T., Nirola, D. K., Diamond, M. B., Klein, J. P., Tshering, L., Deki, S., Nidup, D., Bruno, V., Dorny, P., Garcia, H. H., Mateen, F. J., for the Bhutan Epilepsy Project Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Verbal autopsy-assigned causes of death among adults being investigated for TB in South Africa
Conclusions TB and HIV are leading CoD among adults being investigated for TB. PCVA and InterVA agreement at individual level was slight and poor at population level. VA methodology needs further development where TB and HIV are common. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Maraba, N., Karat, A. S., McCarthy, K., Churchyard, G. J., Charalambous, S., Kahn, K., Grant, A. D., Chihota, V. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research