Bridging anatomical gaps between brain and immune system
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 23:S1471-4906(24)00075-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIt is increasingly clear that the central nervous system (CNS) relies significantly on both adaptive and innate immune cells for its repair and lifelong maintenance. These interactions hold profound implications for brain aging and neurodegeneration. Recent work by Smyth et al. describes newfound anatomical connections between the brain and dura mater, which they named the arachnoid cuff exit points.PMID:38658220 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.006 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Giulia Castellani Javier Mar ía Peralta Ramos Michal Schwartz Source Type: research
Microglia as integrators of brain-associated molecular patterns
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 23:S1471-4906(24)00067-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMicroglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in brain development and experience dependent plasticity. In this review we discuss recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms through which mammalian microglia sense the unique molecular patterns of the homeostatic brain. We propose that microglial function is acutely controlled in response to 'brain-associated molecular patterns' (BAMPs) that function as indicators of neuronal activity and neural circuit remodeling. A further layer of regulati...
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Caroline C Escoubas Anna V Molofsky Source Type: research
Sensory neuronal control of skin barrier immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 22:S1471-4906(24)00066-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPeripheral sensory neurons recognize diverse noxious stimuli, including microbial products and allergens traditionally thought to be targets of the mammalian immune system. Activation of sensory neurons by these stimuli leads to pain and itch responses as well as the release of neuropeptides that interact with their cognate receptors expressed on immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). Neuronal control of immune cell function through neuropeptide release not only affects local inflammatory responses but can ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 23, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xinyi Feng Haoting Zhan Caroline L Sokol Source Type: research
Beyond antiviral: role of IFN-I in brain development
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 20:S1471-4906(24)00073-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInterferons and central nervous system resident macrophages, microglia, are well-known for their respective roles in antiviral defense and phagocytosis. Using a classic experimental paradigm for examining activity-dependent neural plasticity, Escoubas, Dorman, et al. recently identified a role for microglial type I interferon signaling in the clearance of unwanted neurons during mouse brain development.PMID:38644134 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.004 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Christopher A Baker Akiko Iwasaki Source Type: research
Beyond antiviral: role of IFN-I in brain development
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 20:S1471-4906(24)00073-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInterferons and central nervous system resident macrophages, microglia, are well-known for their respective roles in antiviral defense and phagocytosis. Using a classic experimental paradigm for examining activity-dependent neural plasticity, Escoubas, Dorman, et al. recently identified a role for microglial type I interferon signaling in the clearance of unwanted neurons during mouse brain development.PMID:38644134 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.004 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Christopher A Baker Akiko Iwasaki Source Type: research
Complement(ing) long-COVID thromboinflammation and pathogenesis
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 17:S1471-4906(24)00069-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.001. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe persistence or recurrence of symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed 'long COVID', presents a formidable challenge to global healthcare systems. Recent research by Cervia-Hasler and colleagues delves into the intricate immunological landscape in patients with long COVID, demonstrating an interplay between complement and coagulation, driven by antiviral antibodies and tissue damage.PMID:38637200 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.001 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 18, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: John D Lee Trent M Woodruff Source Type: research
Lymphoid tissue on the mind
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 17:S1471-4906(24)00071-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTo surveil an organ for pathogens, lymphoid structures need to sample antigens locally. The full set of lymphoid structures involved in surveilling for brain-tropic pathogens has not been defined. Through comprehensive imaging of the mouse meninges, a new study by Fitzpatrick et al. describes dural-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) and its contribution to humoral responses following intranasal viral infection.PMID:38637201 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.002 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 18, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nikhita Kirthivasan Jason G Cyster Source Type: research
Complement(ing) long-COVID thromboinflammation and pathogenesis
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 17:S1471-4906(24)00069-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.001. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe persistence or recurrence of symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed 'long COVID', presents a formidable challenge to global healthcare systems. Recent research by Cervia-Hasler and colleagues delves into the intricate immunological landscape in patients with long COVID, demonstrating an interplay between complement and coagulation, driven by antiviral antibodies and tissue damage.PMID:38637200 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.001 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 18, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: John D Lee Trent M Woodruff Source Type: research
Lymphoid tissue on the mind
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 17:S1471-4906(24)00071-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTo surveil an organ for pathogens, lymphoid structures need to sample antigens locally. The full set of lymphoid structures involved in surveilling for brain-tropic pathogens has not been defined. Through comprehensive imaging of the mouse meninges, a new study by Fitzpatrick et al. describes dural-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) and its contribution to humoral responses following intranasal viral infection.PMID:38637201 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.002 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 18, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nikhita Kirthivasan Jason G Cyster Source Type: research
Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer's disease?
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 16:S1471-4906(24)00065-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain's perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their b...
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 17, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sandro Da Mesquita Rejane Rua Source Type: research
Astrocytes ACLYmate to chronic neuroinflammation
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 16:S1471-4906(24)00072-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAstrocytes are essential cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), with key roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Lee and colleagues recently showed that astrocytes can develop epigenetic memory, which enhances proinflammatory responses to subsequent stimulation, potentially driving sustained neurological disease pathology, such as in multiple sclerosis (MS).PMID:38632002 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.003 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 17, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kevin Champagne-Jorgensen Jennifer Gommerman Source Type: research
Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer's disease?
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 16:S1471-4906(24)00065-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain's perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their b...
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 17, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sandro Da Mesquita Rejane Rua Source Type: research
Astrocytes ACLYmate to chronic neuroinflammation
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 16:S1471-4906(24)00072-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAstrocytes are essential cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), with key roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Lee and colleagues recently showed that astrocytes can develop epigenetic memory, which enhances proinflammatory responses to subsequent stimulation, potentially driving sustained neurological disease pathology, such as in multiple sclerosis (MS).PMID:38632002 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.003 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 17, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kevin Champagne-Jorgensen Jennifer Gommerman Source Type: research
Microglia pack a toolbox for life
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 13:S1471-4906(24)00068-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAfter decades of being overlooked, a recent wave of studies have explored the roles of microglia in brain health and disease. Microglia perform important physiological functions to set up and maintain proper neural network functions, as well as orchestrate responses to toxic stimuli to limit harm. Many microglial transcriptional programs, extracellular sensing molecules, and functional outputs are seen throughout life. A stark example is the similarity of microglial responses to stressors during neurodevelopment ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kristine E Zengeler John R Lukens Source Type: research
Microglia pack a toolbox for life
Trends Immunol. 2024 Apr 13:S1471-4906(24)00068-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAfter decades of being overlooked, a recent wave of studies have explored the roles of microglia in brain health and disease. Microglia perform important physiological functions to set up and maintain proper neural network functions, as well as orchestrate responses to toxic stimuli to limit harm. Many microglial transcriptional programs, extracellular sensing molecules, and functional outputs are seen throughout life. A stark example is the similarity of microglial responses to stressors during neurodevelopment ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - April 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kristine E Zengeler John R Lukens Source Type: research
