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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - October 30, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - October 30, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - October 30, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

Mean Volume Flow Estimation in Pulsatile Flow ConditionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To verify a previously reported three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound method for the measurement of time-average volumetric blood flow, experiments were performed under pulsatile flow conditions, including in vivo investigations, and results were compared with accepted, but invasive, “gold standard” techniques. Results showed that volume averaging results in the correct time-average volume flow without the need for cardiac gating. Unlike other currently employed methods, this method is independent of Doppler angle, flow profile and vessel geometry. A GE Logiq 9 ultrasound system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - October 12, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael S. Richards, Oliver D. Kripfgans, Jonathan M. Rubin, Anne L. Hall, J. Brian Fowlkes Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 23, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 23, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 23, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

Ultrasound and Microbubble-Induced Intra- and Intercellular Bioeffects in Primary Endothelial CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, these data provide more insight in the interactions between US, microbubbles and endothelial cells, which is important for understanding the mechanisms behind US and microbubble-enhanced uptake of drugs or genes. (E-mail: ljm.juffermans@vumc.nl) (Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 22, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Lynda J.M. Juffermans, Annemieke van Dijk, Cees A.M. Jongenelen, Benjamin Drukarch, Arie Reijerkerk, Helga E. de Vries, Otto Kamp, René J.P. Musters Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Plasma Sterilization of Poly Lactic Acid Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Surface Modification and Implications for Drug DeliveryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study not only shows how a highly temperature- and pressure-sensitive agent can be sterilized using plasma, but also that surface modification can be used to increase surface binding of the drug. (E-mail: wheatley@coe.drexel.edu) (Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 22, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: John R. Eisenbrey, Jennifer Hsu, Margaret A. Wheatley Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Analysis of Elastographic and B-mode Features at Sonoelastography for Breast Tumor ClassificationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of neural network analysis of elastographic features at sonoelastography for the classification of biopsy-proved benign and malignant breast tumors. Sonoelastography of 181 solid breast masses (113 benign and 68 malignant tumors) was performed for 181 patients (mean age, 47 years; range, 24–75 years). After the manual segmentation of the tumors, five elastographic features (strain difference, strain ratio, mean, median and mode) and six B-mode features (orientation, undulation, angularity, average gradient, gradient variance and intensity variance) were com...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 22, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Woo Kyung Moon, Chiun-Sheng Huang, Wei-Chih Shen, Etsuo Takada, Ruey-Feng Chang, Juliwati Joe, Michiko Nakajima, Masayuki Kobayashi Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Bone-Tendon Junction Healing Using Water Jet Ultrasound Indentation MethodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The re-establishment of bone-tendon junction (BTJ) tissues with the junction, characterized as a unique transitional fibrocartilage zone, is involved in many trauma and reconstructive surgeries. Experimental and clinical findings have shown that a direct BTJ repair requires a long period of immobilization, which may be associated with a postoperative weak knee. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the morphologic and mechanical properties of BTJ tissues in situ to better understand the healing process for the purpose of reducing the adverse effects of immobilization. We previously reported a noncontact ultrasou...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 22, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Min-Hua Lu, Yong-Ping Zheng, Hong-Bin Lu, Qing-Hua Huang, Ling Qin Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

A Rotating Cylinder Phantom for Flow and Tissue Color Doppler TestingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Ultrasound Doppler using two-dimensional (2D) techniques is commonly used to study blood flow and myocardial tissue motion. This use includes measurement of velocity and time intervals, often in relation to the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. 2D Doppler is frequently considered a real-time technique but in reality the acquisition time can be as long as 200 ms per image. We have developed a test-phantom using a rotating cylinder to simulate blood flow and tissue motion in a whole sector or space angle to evaluate velocity and timing characteristics. The phantom can produce constant velocities for velocity testing,...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 28, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Andrew Walker, Egil Henriksen, Ivar Ringqvist, Per Ask Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Dynamic Changes of Integrated Backscatter, Attenuation Coefficient and Bubble Activities During High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) TreatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: This paper simultaneously investigated the transient characteristics of integrated backscatter (IBS), attenuation coefficient and bubble activities as time traces before, during and after HIFU treatment, with different HIFU parameters (acoustic power and duty cycle) in both transparent tissue-mimicking phantoms and freshly excised bovine livers. These dynamic changes of acoustic parameters and bubble activities were correlated with the visualization of lesion development selected from photos, conventional B-mode ultrasound images and differential IBS images over the whole procedure of HIFU treatment. Two-dimensio...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 28, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Siyuan Zhang, Mingxi Wan, Hui Zhong, Cheng Xu, Zhenzhong Liao, Huanqing Liu, Supin Wang Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Definition of Contrast Enhancement Phases of the Liver Using a Perfluoro-Based Microbubble Agent, Perflubutane MicrobubblesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To define the contrast enhancement phases in the liver with perflubutane microbubbles, the liver enhancement time-intensity curves were investigated in 14 healthy volunteers. The agent was injected intravenously as a bolus and the liver was imaged with an ultrasound scanner as long as 4h after the injection. Time-intensity curves from the hepatic artery, the intrahepatic portal vein, the hepatic vein and the parenchyma of the liver were obtained from the liver ultrasound images. The arrival of the agent in the hepatic artery, the portal vein and the hepatic vein were visually distinguishable and the mean arrival ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 28, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Sasaki Shunichi, Iijima Hiroko, Moriyasu Fuminori, Hidehiko Waki Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Dynamic B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging of Vocal Fold Vibration During PhonationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We used B-mode imaging to study the vibratory phenomena of the vocal folds. The presence of multilayered structures of the vocal folds in the B-mode image was verified by using freshly excised human larynges in vitro. To capture images of vocal fold vibration, a special treatment was used to reconstruct the aliasing B-mode motion pictures of vocal fold vibration. Echo-particle image velocimetry (Echo-PIV) analysis was then applied to trace the tissue particles in the motion pictures. The vibratory behavior of the body (vocal ligament and muscle) of the vocal folds was revealed. Further analysis showed a quasi-lon...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 28, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Chen-Gia Tsai, Jeng-Horng Chen, Yio-Wha Shau, Tzu-Yu Hsiao Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Toward Registration of 3D Ultrasound and CT Images of the Spine in Clinical Praxis: Design and Evaluation of a Data Acquisition ProtocolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Recent work has demonstrated the accuracy and operational viability of an algorithm proposed by the authors that successfully registers 3-D ultrasound data with CT or MRI data. The successful application of this method to intraoperative navigation, however, depends critically on the quality of the acquired ultrasound data. This gives rise to two questions concerning the usability of the algorithm in clinical praxis. First, how can one guarantee high-quality, user-independent ultrasound registration data with this procedure? Second, can this approach work reliably in clinical practice, namely within the operating ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 28, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Susanne Winter, Ioannis Pechlivanis, Claudia Dekomien, Christian Igel, Kirsten Schmieder Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

Editorial Advisory BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

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(Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 27, 2009 Category: Radiology Source Type: journals

Noninvasive Determination of in situ Heating Rate Using kHz Acoustic Emissions and Focused UltrasoundEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: For high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to be widely applicable in the clinic, robust methods of treatment planning, guidance and delivery need to be developed. These technologies would greatly benefit if patient specific tissue parameters could be provided as inputs so that the treatment planning and monitoring schemes are customized and tailored on a case by case basis. A noninvasive method of estimating the local in situ acoustic heating rate using the heat transfer equation (HTE) and applying novel signal processing techniques is presented in this article. The heating rate is obtained by experimentally m...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 24, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Ajay Anand, Peter J. Kaczkowski Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Ultrafast Imaging of Ultrasound Contrast AgentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The disappearance of ultrasound contrast agents after disruption can provide useful information on their environment. However, in vivo acoustical imaging of this transient phenomenon, which has a duration on the order of milliseconds, requires high frame rates that are unattainable by conventional ultrasound scanners. In this article, ultrafast imaging is applied to microbubble tracking using a 128-element linear array and an elastography scanner. Contrast agents flowing in a wall-less tissue phantom are insonified with a high-intensity disruption pulse followed by a series of plane waves emitted at a 5kHz PRF. A...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 21, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Olivier Couture, Souad Bannouf, Gabriel Montaldo, Jean-François Aubry, Mathias Fink, Mickael Tanter Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Sonothrombolysis for Intraocular Fibrin Formation in an Animal ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or retinal arterial occlusion are always associated with retinal and/or choroidal vasculopathy and intravascular thrombosis is commonly found. The ultrasound (US) therapy is a recently developed technique to accelerate fibrinolysis and it is being applied to some clinical fields. The present study was to observe the effects of extraocular US exposure on intraocular fibrin, which is a deteriorating factor in various ocular diseases. Tubes containing human blood (2mL) in the following groups were irradiated with US; US alone, US with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA),...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 21, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Toshifumi Yamashita, Hiroki Ohtsuka, Noboru Arimura, Shozo Sonoda, Chihiro Kato, Kaneo Ushimaru, Naoko Hara, Katsuro Tachibana, Taiji Sakamoto Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Induced Transducer Orientation During Ultrasound Imaging: Effects on Abdominal Muscle Thickness and Bladder PositionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The use of ultrasound imaging (USI) by physiotherapists to assess muscle behavior in clinical settings is increasing. However, there is relatively little evidence of whether the clinical environment is conducive to valid and reliable measurements. Accurate USI measurements depend on maintaining a relatively stationary transducer position, because motion may distort the image and lead to erroneous conclusions. This would seem particularly important during dynamic studies typical of a physiotherapy assessment. What is not known is how much transducer motion can occur before error is introduced. The aim of this stud...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 21, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Jackie L. Whittaker, Martin B. Warner, Maria J. Stokes Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

A Generalized Speckle Tracking Algorithm for Ultrasonic Strain Imaging Using Dynamic ProgrammingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study developed an improved motion estimation algorithm for ultrasonic strain imaging that employs a dynamic programming technique. In this article, we model the motion estimation task as an optimization problem. Since tissue motion under external mechanical stimuli often should be reasonably continuous, a set of cost functions combining correlation and various levels of motion continuity constraint were used to regularize the motion estimation. To solve the optimization problem with a reasonable computational load, a dynamic programming technique that does not require iterations was used to obtain displacement vector...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 17, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Jingfeng Jiang, Timothy J. Hall Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

In vivo Quantification of Liver Stiffness in a Rat Model of Hepatic Fibrosis with Acoustic Radiation ForceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, liver stiffness was found to be linearly correlated with the amount of collagen in the liver measured by picrosirius red staining (r2=0.43, p=0.008). In addition, stiffness spatial heterogeneity was also linearly correlated with liver collagen content (r2=0.58, p=0.001) by picrosirius red staining. These results are consistent with those obtained by Salameh et al. (2007) and Yin et al. (2007b) using animal models of liver fibrosis and MR elastography. This suggests that stiffness measurement using acoustic radiation force can provide a quantitative assessment of the extent of fibrosis in the liver and can ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael H. Wang, Mark L. Palmeri, Cynthia D. Guy, Liu Yang, Laurence W. Hedlund, Anna Mae Diehl, Kathryn R. Nightingale Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

The Effect of Back Reflections on the Acoustic Power Delivered by Physiotherapy Ultrasound MachinesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effect of physiological levels of acoustic reflection on 29 physiotherapy treatment heads from a total of 21 machines and 6 manufacturers. A range of membranes were constructed and used to mimic the levels of acoustic reflections that occur during treatment. The results obtained showed that almost half of the heads tested (45%) had deviations in acoustic power of more than 15% compared with free-field measurements. Four heads (17%) had deviations in power of more than 25%. We recommend that the susceptibility of physiotherapy ultrasound machines to acoustic reflections be addressed in the releva...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Karne A. McBride, Stephen D. Pye Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Real-Time Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Assessment of Perfusion Dynamics in Skeletal MuscleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We developed a real-time low-MI contrast-enhanced ultrasound method (CEUS), compared it with venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) and evaluated its robustness in the quantification of skeletal muscle perfusion during exercise. Contrast pulse sequencing (7MHz) during continuous intravenous infusion of SonoVue (4.8mL/300s) was used repeatedly in eight healthy volunteers to monitor changes of the muscle perfusion before, during and after isometric exercises (10 to 50% of individual maximum strength for 20 to 30 s) of the gastrocnemius muscle in real time. CEUS was correlated with VOP at different time points, and ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 16, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Martin Krix, Holger Krakowski-Roosen, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Stefan Delorme, Marc-André Weber Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

High-Frequency Ex vivo Ultrasound Imaging of the Auditory SystemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A 50MHz array-based imaging system was used to obtain high-resolution images of the ear and auditory system. This previously described custom built imaging system () is capable of 50μm axial resolution, and lateral resolution varying from 80μm to 130μm over a 5.12mm scan depth. The imaging system is based on a 2mm diameter, seven-element equal-area annular array, and a digital beamformer that uses high-speed field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The images produced by this system have shown far superior depth of field compared with commercially available single-element systems. Ex vivo, three-dimensional (3-...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 13, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Jeremy A. Brown, Zahra Torbatian, Robert B. Adamson, Rene Van Wijhe, Ronald J. Pennings, Geoffrey R. Lockwood, Manohar L. Bance Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Three-dimensional Ultrasound Quantification of Intensive Statin Treatment of Carotid AtherosclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to evaluate 3-D ultrasound (3DUS)–derived vessel wall volume (VWV), a 3-D measurement of the carotid artery intima and media, including atherosclerotic plaque, in patients enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled three-month study of intensive atorvastatin treatment. Thirty-five subjects with carotid stenosis >60% who provided written informed consent and completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study were evaluated at baseline and at three months after receiving either 80 mg atorvastatin (16 subjects, nine male, mean age 68±8.6 y) or placebo (19 subjects, 15 male, mean age 70�...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 3, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Adam Krasinski, Bernard Chiu, J. David Spence, Aaron Fenster, Grace Parraga Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

The Size of Sonoporation Pores on the Cell MembraneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports the first results of pore size from the TMC measured using the voltage clamp technique. (E-mail: cxdeng@umich.edu) (Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Yun Zhou, Ronald E. Kumon, Jianmin Cui, Cheri X. Deng Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Focused Ultrasound Effects on Nerve Action Potential in vitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have performed an in vitro study to further extend our knowledge of this potential clinical application. The sciatic nerves from the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) were subjected to focused ultrasound (at frequencies of 0.661MHz and 1.986MHz) and to heated Ringer's solution. The nerve action potential was shown to decrease in the experiments and correlated with temperature elevation measured in the nerve. The action potential recovered either completely, partially or not at all, depending on the parameters of the ultrasound exposure. The reduction of the baseline nerve temperature by circulating cooling flui...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Vincent Colucci, Gary Strichartz, Ferenc Jolesz, Natalia Vykhodtseva, Kullervo Hynynen Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

A New 15–50 MHz Array-Based Micro-Ultrasound Scanner for Preclinical ImagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report in this paper the first commercially available array transducer–based ultrasound imaging system that enables micro-ultrasound imaging at center frequencies between 15 and 50MHz. At the heart of the new scanner is a laser-machined high-frequency 256 element, linear transducer array capable of forming dynamic diffraction limited beams. The power of the linear array approach is embodied in the uniform high resolution maintained over the full field of view. This leads to greatly expanded scope for real-time functional imaging that is demonstrated in this paper. The unprecedented images made with the new imaging sys...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: F. Stuart Foster, James Mehi, Marc Lukacs, Desmond Hirson, Chris White, Chris Chaggares, Andrew Needles Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Multilayer Transducer for Acoustic Bladder Volume Assessment on the Basis of Nonlinear Wave PropagationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Catheterization remains the gold standard for bladder volume assessment, but it is invasive, uncomfortable to the patient and introduces the risk of infections and traumas. Acoustic measurement of the bladder volume reduces the need for a urinary catheter. Recently, a new method to non-invasively measure the volume of liquid filled cavities in vivo on the basis of nonlinear wave propagation has been introduced. To implement this method, two different multilayer ultrasound transducers were developed. Both transducers consisted of a first piezo-electric layer of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) to transmit waves at a ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Egon J.W. Merks, Paul van Neer, Nicolaas Bom, Antonius F.W. van der Steen, Nico de Jong Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

A New Transesophageal Probe for NewbornsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Current transesophageal probes are designed for adults and are used both in the operating theatre for monitoring as well as in the outpatient clinic for patients with specific indications, like obesity, artificial valves, etc. For newborns ( (Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Thierry V. Scohy, Guillaume Matte, Paul L.M.J. van Neer, Antonius F.W. van der Steen, Jackie McGhie, Ad Bogers, Nico de Jong Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Acoustic Dose and Acoustic Dose-RateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Acoustic dose is defined as the energy deposited by absorption of an acoustic wave per unit mass of the medium supporting the wave. Expressions for acoustic dose and acoustic dose-rate are given for plane-wave conditions, including temporal and frequency dependencies of energy deposition. The relationship between the acoustic dose-rate and the resulting temperature increase is explored, as is the relationship between acoustic dose-rate and radiation force. Energy transfer from the wave to the medium by means of acoustic cavitation is considered, and an approach is proposed in principle that could allow cavitation...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Francis Duck Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

In vivo Breast Sound-Speed Imaging with Ultrasound TomographyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We discuss a bent-ray ultrasound tomography algorithm with total-variation (TV) regularization. We have applied this algorithm to 61 in vivo breast datasets collected with our in-house clinical prototype for imaging sound-speed distributions in the breast. Our analysis showed that TV regularization could preserve sharper lesion edges than the classic Tikhonov regularization. Furthermore, the image quality of our TV bent-ray sound-speed tomograms was superior to that of the straight-ray counterparts for all types of breasts within BI-RADS density categories 1 through 4. Our analysis showed that the improvements fo...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Cuiping Li, Nebojsa Duric, Peter Littrup, Lianjie Huang Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Breast Tumors by Using Vascularization of 3-D Power Doppler UltrasoundEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assessed the accuracy of three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasound in differentiating between benign and malignant breast tumors by using a support vector machine (SVM). A 3-D power Doppler ultrasonography was performed on 164 patients with 86 benign and 78 malignant breast tumors. The volume-of-interest (VOI) in 3-D ultrasound images was automatically generated from three rectangular regions-of-interest (ROI). The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization-flow index (VFI) on 3-D power-Doppler ultrasound images were evaluated for the entire volume area, computer extracted VOI area an...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 2, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Yu-Len Huang, Shou-Jen Kuo, Chia-Chia Hsu, Hsin-Shun Tseng, Yi-Hsuan Hsiao, Dar-Ren Chen Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Instantaneous Frequency-Based Ultrasonic Temperature Estimation During Focused Ultrasound Thermal TherapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we propose a novel ultrasonic temperature-measurement approach that detects changes in instantaneous frequency along the imaging beam direction. Focused ultrasound was used as the heating source, and the 1-D beamformed RF signals provided from an ultrasound imager were used to verify the proposed algorithm for temperature change estimation. For comparison, a conventional cross-correlation technique was also evaluated. Heating experiments testing tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex vivo porcine muscles were conducted. The results showed that temperature can be well estimated by the proposed algorithm in the temp...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 30, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Hao-Li Liu, Meng-Lin Li, Tzu-Ching Shih, Sheng-Min Huang, I-Yeh Lu, Deng-Yn Lin, Shi-Ming Lin, Kuen-Cheng Ju Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Changes in Lipid-Encapsulated Microbubble Population During Continuous Infusion and Methods to Maintain ConsistencyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Stabilized microbubbles are used as ultrasound contrast agents. These micron-sized gas capsules are injected into the bloodstream to provide contrast enhancement during ultrasound imaging. Some contrast imaging strategies, such as destruction-reperfusion, require a continuous injection of microbubbles over several minutes. Most quantitative imaging strategies rely on the ability to administer a consistent dose of contrast agent. Because of the buoyancy of these gas-filled agents, their spatial distribution within a syringe changes over time. The population of microbubbles that is pumped from a horizontal syringe ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 26, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Mehmet Kaya, Thomas S. Gregory V, Paul A. Dayton Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Ultrasound Enhances Recombinant Human BMP-2 Induced Ectopic Bone Formation in a Rat ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Two methods to improve bone repair include the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). The present study was designed to determine if LIPUS enhances the effect of rhBMP-2–induced bone formation in a well characterized ectopic implant model. Absorbable collagen sponges loaded with 0-, 1-, 2.5- or 5-μg doses of rhBMP-2 were implanted subcutaneously in 11-week-old, male Long Evans rats, followed by daily 20-min LIPUS or sham LIPUS treatment beginning 1 d after surgery. Explanted sponges were assessed for bone volume, mineral density and mineral ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 26, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Coen A. Wijdicks, Amarjit S. Virdi, Kotaro Sena, Dale R. Sumner, Robert M. Leven Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

New Transcranial Doppler Index in Infants with Hydrocephalus: Transsystolic Time in Clinical PracticeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants with hydrocephalus may cause (ir)reversible damage to the brain parenchyma but can be present without clinical signs and/or symptoms. Therefore, new, favorably noninvasive, detection methods are needed to distinguish between compensated hydrocephalus with normal intracranial pressure and slowly progressive hydrocephalus with increased intracranial pressure. Because early ischemic changes in the brain parenchyma are associated with increased intracranial pressure, transcranial Doppler (TCD) indices may be useful to detect increased intracranial pressure in infants with...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 26, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Paul H. Leliefeld, Rob H.J.M. Gooskens, Rob J.M. Peters, Cees A.F. Tulleken, L. Jaap Kappelle, K. Sen Han, Luca Regli, Patrick W. Hanlo Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Vascularity Index of Laryngeal Cancer Derived from 3-D Ultrasound: A Predicting Factor for the in vivo Assessment of Cervical Lymph Node StatusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To demonstrate whether a calculated vascularity index (VI) can predict metastases of cervical lymph nodes, the VI values of the primary tumors were obtained by using 3-D sonography in 87 subjects with laryngeal cancer confirmed by laryngoscope and biopsy. N-staging of the subjects was determined by pathological nodal harvesting. The relationship between the VI and pathological N-staging was evaluated by correlation coefficient. To test the accuracy of the VI for predicting cervical lymph node involvement, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and the best operating point was determined ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 26, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Jun Zhou, Shang-Yong Zhu, Ruo-Chuan Liu, Feng Luo, De-Xi Shu Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

A Method for Differentiating Targeted Microbubbles in Real Time Using Subharmonic Micro-Ultrasound and Interframe FilteringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study introduces a new method for differentiating targeted microbubbles in the presence of flowing microbubbles and tissue using micro-ultrasound. The method relies on subharmonic (SH) imaging for segmenting microbubble signals from tissue signals, and low-pass interframe filtering for segmenting bound targeted microbubbles from flowing microbubbles. The method is evaluated with 30 frames per second SH B-mode imaging in vitro, using a wall-less vessel flow phantom. The SH B-mode cineloops were postprocessed using an interframe moving average filter to segment the regions of bound microbubbles on the inner surface of t...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 26, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: A. Needles, O. Couture, F.S. Foster Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

In vitro Model Test and Preliminary Clinical Application of a New Method of Ultrasonographic Imaging: Vascular Enhancement TechnologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Vascular enhancement technology (VET) is a new form of ultrasonographic technology that can optimize images by enhancing the B-mode display with information derived from power Doppler. We designed an in vitro model to evaluate the accuracy and application method of VET and to apply this technology preliminarily in vivo in the vascular periphery. An in vitro model was designed with a flow pump system to simulate blood flow in soft tissue and the intracranial vasculature. Modeling vessels were imaged by traditional B mode, color Doppler flow imaging and VET. The diameter of the various silicon tubes was measured t...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 26, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Xi Liu, Yun You Duan, Jia Wang, Si Guo Sun, Juan Li, Wei Hua Hou, Tie Sheng Cao Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Quantitative Tissue Echogenicity of the Neonatal Brain Assessed by Ultrasound ImagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to propose a method for measuring the echogenicity of several neonatal brain structures for quantitative interpretation of ultrasound images. To do this, 40 preterm neonates (24-34 weeks' gestation) with adequate birth weight for gestational age were studied. On the third day after delivery, anterior fontanelle ultrasound imaging of the brain was performed in standard coronal and sagittal views. Four regions-of-interest (ROIs) were identified: periventricular, choroid plexus, cerebellar vermis and basal ganglia. Two consecutive images from each ROI were digitally stored. For off-line ana...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 26, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Nelly F. Padilla, Goya Enriquez, Tomas Jansson, Eduard Gratacos, Edgar Hernandez-Andrade Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Investigations into Pulsed High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound–Enhanced Delivery: Preliminary Evidence for a Novel MechanismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, pulsed-HIFU exposures were given in the calf muscle of mice, followed by the administration of a variety of fluorophores, both soluble and particulate, by local or systemic injection. In vivo imaging (whole animal and microscopic) was used to quantify observations of increased extravasation and interstitial transport of the fluorophores as a result of the exposures. Histological analysis indicated that the exposures caused some structural alterations such as enlarged gaps between muscle fiber bundles. These effects were consistent with increasing the permeability of the tissues; however, they were found to ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 20, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Hilary A. Hancock, Lauren H. Smith, Julian Cuesta, Amir K. Durrani, Mary Angstadt, Mark L. Palmeri, Eitan Kimmel, Victor Frenkel Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Partial Restoration of Left Ventricular Systolic Function by asPLB Gene Transfer Using Ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble DestructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we transfered pAAV-antisense phospholamban (pAAV-asPLB) to the hearts of myocardial infarction (MI) mice, using ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction. Then we estimated the protein levels of PLB, Ser16-PLB and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), fraction shortening (FS) and SERCA activity were measured as well. MI mice were generated by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Microbubbles were prepared by sonicated perfluorocarbon gas with dextrose and albumin. A mixture of pAAV-asPLB plasmid and microbubble was injected via ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 20, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Yun Mou, Yang Ye, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Lei Yao, Li-Ping Yan, Jian Sun, Zhao-Hui Zhu, Shen-Jiang Hu Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Novel Automated Motion Compensation Technique for Producing Cumulative Maximum Intensity Subharmonic ImagesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, an automated algorithm for producing CMI-SHI images has been developed. It eliminates the need for manual processing and yields reproducible images, thereby increasing the throughput and efficiency of reconstructing CMI-SHI images. The usefulness of this algorithm can be further extended to other imaging modalities. (E-mail: flemming.forsberg@jefferson.edu) (Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 20, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Jaydev K. Dave, Flemming Forsberg Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Imaging for Monitoring Progressive Trypsin Digestion and Inhibition in Articular CartilageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports an ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging approach to monitor the progressive trypsin-induced depletion of proteoglycan (PG) and its inhibition in articular cartilage. Three fresh, normal bovine patellae were obtained and four full-thickness cartilage-bone specimens were prepared from the lower medial side of each patella. One sample was used as a control and the other three were divided into three groups: Groups A, B and C (n=3 for each group). After a 40min 0.25% trypsin digestion, samples from group A were continuously digested in trypsin solution, while those in groups B and C were immersed in physio...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 20, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Qing Wang, Yong-Ping Zheng Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals

Two-Dimensional Strain Imaging of Controlled Rabbit HeartsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a well-controlled 2-D cardiac elasticity imaging technique was developed using two coplanar and orthogonal linear probes simultaneously imaging an isolated retroperfused rabbit heart. Acute ischemia was generated by left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation. An excitation-contraction decoupler, 2,3-butanedione monoxime, was applied at a 4-mM concentration to reversibly reduce myocardial contractility. Results using a single probe demonstrate that directional changes in the in-plane principal deformation axes can help locate the bulging area as a result of LAD ligation, which matched well with correspond...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - July 20, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Congxian Jia, Ragnar Olafsson, Kang Kim, Theodore J. Kolias, Jonathan M. Rubin, William F. Weitzel, Russell S. Witte, Sheng-Wen Huang, Michael S. Richards, Cheri X. Deng, Matthew O'Donnell Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: journals