VaccineThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest items in this publication.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1607 records returned

Issues in pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: highlights of the 27th meeting of ESPID, Brussels, Belgium, June 9-13, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The 27th annual meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID), held in Brussels, Belgium, addressed serious bacterial infections. The scientific program included international experts who provided insights into and discussions on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and clinical presentation of important pediatric infectious diseases. This conference report offers highlights of presentations addressing pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. PMID: 19883868 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - November 5, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Adam D Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Rift Valley fever vaccines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article summarizes the development of inactivated RVFV vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, and other new generation vaccines. PMID: 19837291 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ikegami T, Makino S Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Smallpox vaccines for biodefense.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Few diseases can match the enormous impact that smallpox has had on mankind. Its influence can be seen in the earliest recorded histories of ancient civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia. With fatality rates up to 30%, smallpox left its survivors with extensive scarring and other serious sequelae. It is estimated that smallpox killed 500 million people in the 19th and 20th centuries. Given the ongoing concerns regarding the use of variola as a biological weapon, this review will focus on the licensed vaccines as well as current research into next-generation vaccines to protect against smallpox and other poxviruses. ...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova I, Poland GA Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Vaccines for Venezuelan equine encephalitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Arboviruses are capable of causing encephalitis in animals and human population when transmitted by the vector or potentially via infectious aerosol. Recent re-emergence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) in South America emphasizes the importance of this pathogen to public health and veterinary medicine. Despite its importance no antivirals or vaccines against VEEV are currently available in the USA. Here we review some of the older and newer approaches aimed at generating a safe and immunogenic vaccine as well as most recent data about the mechanistic of protection in animal models of infection. PMID:...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Paessler S, Weaver SC Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Editorial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19840658 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Osterhaus AD, Vanlangendonck C Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Characterisation of influenza A viruses with mutations in segment 5 packaging signals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Influenza A virus vRNA segments contain specific packaging signals at their termini that overlap the coding regions. To further characterise segment 5 packaging signals, we introduced synonymous mutations into the terminal coding regions of the vRNA and characterised the replicative fitness of the resulting viruses. Most mutations tested were well-tolerated, but a virus with alterations to NP codons 464-466, near the 5'-end of the vRNA, produced small plaques and replicated to around one-tenth of the level of wild type virus. The mutant virus supported normal levels of NP and segment 5 vRNA synthesis but packaged reduc...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hutchinson EC, Wise HM, Kudryavtseva K, Curran MD, Digard P Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

PolyI:polyC(12)U adjuvant-combined intranasal vaccine protects mice against highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus variants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus has the potential to incite a global pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective vaccines against these viruses. Because it is difficult to predict which strain of influenza will cause a pandemic, it is advantageous to develop vaccines that will confer cross-protective immunity against variants of the influenza virus. Recently, we reported that the Toll-like receptor 3 agonist, polyI:polyC(12)U (Ampligen((R))), has been proven to be safe in a Phase III human trial, and is an effective mucosal adjuvant for intranasal H5N1 influenza vaccination. Intra...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ichinohe T, Ainai A, Tashiro M, Sata T, Hasegawa H Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

M2e-based universal influenza A vaccine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently, licensed influenza vaccines offer satisfactory protection if they match the infecting strain, but they come with significant drawbacks. These vaccines are derived from prototype viruses, containing the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses that are likely to cause the next epidemic. Their usefulness against a future pandemic, however, remains problematic. A vaccine based on the ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) could overcome these drawbacks. M2e is highly conserved in both human and avian influenza A viruses. The low immunogenicity agains...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fiers W, De Filette M, Bakkouri KE, Schepens B, Roose K, Schotsaert M, Birkett A, Saelens X Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

MF59((R))-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (FLUAD((R))) in children: Safety and immunogenicity following a second year seasonal vaccination.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
After priming with two intramuscular doses of MF59((R))-adjuvanted (Sub/MF59) or split influenza vaccines during the 2006/07 season, 89 healthy children received a third booster dose of the respective vaccine (2007/08 Northern Hemisphere formulation) approximately 1 year later, and were followed up for 6 months post-third injection. Immunogenicity was evaluated on 81 of them by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay before and 3 weeks after vaccination. The Sub/MF59 influenza vaccine was safe and well tolerated following the booster vaccination. Pre-booster HI antibody titers were consistently higher in the Sub/MF59 ...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Vesikari T, Groth N, Karvonen A, Borkowski A, Pellegrini M Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Preclinical evaluation of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine against influenza A/H5N1 viruses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype are responsible for an increasing number of infections in humans since 2003. More than 60% of the infections is lethal and new infections are reported frequently. In the light of the pandemic threat caused by these events the rapid availability of safe and effective vaccines is desirable. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the HA gene of an influenza A/H5N1 virus is a promising candidate vaccine that induced protective immunity against infection with homologous and heterologous influenza A/H5N1 viruses in mice. We also evaluated the recombinant ...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kreijtz JH, Suezer Y, de Mutsert G, van den Brand JM, van Amerongen G, Schnierle BS, Kuiken T, Fouchier RA, Löwer J, Osterhaus AD, Sutter G, Rimmelzwaan GF Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Influenza vaccination and mortality benefits: New insights, new opportunities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Influenza vaccination control strategies in most countries rely on vaccination of seniors and other high risk groups. Although placebo-controlled randomized trials show influenza vaccine is effective in younger age groups, few seniors >70 years were studied even though they suffer >90% of influenza-related deaths. Excess mortality studies could not confirm a national decline in influenza-related mortality while vaccine coverage quadrupled. Cohort studies have consistently reported that vaccination reduces all-cause winter mortality by approximately 50%, an astonishing claim given only approximately 5% of all wint...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Simonsen L, Viboud C, Taylor RJ, Miller MA, Jackson L Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Challenges in evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness and the mortality benefits controversy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Randomized, controlled trials are the gold standard study design. However, ethical constraints and practical considerations may necessitate other types of studies for evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness in the elderly-a high priority group for annual vaccination in many countries. Observational studies therefore comprise the bulk of the vaccine effectiveness evidence in older persons, but these types of studies can be susceptible to selection bias and residual confounding. All observational studies should utilize strategies to minimize the impact of bias and confounding. Recent studies questioning the plausibili...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nichol KL Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Nuclear functions of the influenza A and B viruses NS1 proteins: Do they play a role in viral mRNA export?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although it is known for decades that influenza viruses replicate and transcribe their genome in the nucleus of the host cell, there is little knowledge about the cellular and viral factors mediating the nuclear transport of viral mRNA transcripts to the cytoplasm. Efficient export of mature cellular mRNA is coupled to their synthesis by the RNA polymerase II and subsequent processing events such as splicing. This linkage necessitated influenza viruses to evolve a strategy to integrate their unspliced mRNAs generated by the viral polymerase into a cellular mRNA export pathway. Recent findings suggest that the major cel...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Schneider J, Wolff T Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Structural basis for oseltamivir resistance of influenza viruses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oseltamivir, one of the two anti-neuraminidase drugs, is currently the most widely used drug against influenza. Resistance to the drug has occurred infrequently among different viruses in response to drug treatment, including A H5N1 viruses, but most notably has emerged among recently circulating A H1N1 viruses and has spread throughout the population in the absence of drug use. Crystal structures of enzyme-drug complexes, together with enzymatic properties, of mutants of H5N1 neuraminidase have provided explanations for high level oseltamivir resistance due to the common H275Y mutation, with retention of zanamivir sus...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Collins PJ, Haire LF, Lin YP, Liu J, Russell RJ, Walker PA, Martin SR, Daniels RS, Gregory V, Skehel JJ, Gamblin SJ, Hay AJ Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

MDCK cells that express proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT provide a cell system to propagate influenza viruses in the absence of trypsin and to study cleavage of HA and its inhibition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cleavage of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) by host cell proteases is essential for virus infectivity and, therefore, relevant proteases may present promising new drug targets. We recently demonstrated that serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airways activate influenza virus HA with monobasic cleavage site in vitro. In the present study we generated MDCK cells with inducible expression of either TMPRSS2 or HAT. MDCK-TMPRSS2 and MDCK-HAT cells supported growth of human and avian influenza viruses of different subtypes in the absence of exogenous trypsin. Further, we used these cell lines to investigate th...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Böttcher E, Freuer C, Steinmetzer T, Klenk HD, Garten W Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Most humans lack virus neutralizing (VN) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), but cross-reactive neuraminidase inhibition (NI) antibodies and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are common. These immune responses result largely from infections with seasonal human H1N1 influenza viruses, but the protective effect of H1N1 infection-immunity against H5N1 infection has never been examined. To this purpose, we have used the pig model of influenza and a low pathogenic (LP) H5N1 AIV. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with sw/Belgium/1/98 (H1N1) 4 weeks before challenge with...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Van Reeth K, Braeckmans D, Cox E, Van Borm S, van den Berg T, Goddeeris B, De Vleeschauwer A Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Avian influenza virus: Of virus and bird ecology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The recent introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds and its subsequent spread throughout Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe has put a focus on the role of wild birds in the geographical spread of HPAI H5N1 virus. Large-scale surveillance programs are ongoing to determine a potential role of wild birds in H5N1 virus spread and to serve as sentinel systems for introductions into new geographical regions. The unprecedented scale and coverage of these surveillance programs offer a unique opportunity to expand our current knowledge on the ecology of LPAI in wild migratory bird...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Munster VJ, Fouchier RA Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Poultry movement networks in Cambodia: Implications for surveillance and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI/H5N1).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Movement of poultry through markets is potentially important in the circulation and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza. However little is understood about poultry market chains in Cambodia. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 715 rural villagers, 123 rural, peri-urban and urban market sellers and 139 middlemen from six provinces and Phnom Penh, to evaluate live poultry movement and trading practices. Direct trade links with Thailand and Vietnam were identified via middlemen and market sellers. Most poultry movement occurs via middlemen into Phnom Penh making live bird wet markets in Phnom Penh a potential...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Van Kerkhove MD, Vong S, Guitian J, Holl D, Mangtani P, San S, Ghani AC Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Internet-based monitoring of influenza-like illness in the general population: Experience of five influenza seasons in the Netherlands.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Like in most other countries, influenza surveillance in The Netherlands is based upon influenza-like illness (ILI) consultations reported by sentinel general practitioners (GP). In addition, an internet-based monitoring of ILI in the general population started in 2003/2004 (Great Influenza Survey (GIS)). We compared GIS results over 5 influenza seasons with results from the GP system. Weekly ILI incidence from GIS correlated well with ILI incidence from the GP system the same week and even better 1 week later. This suggests that GIS is useful for early detection of trends in influenza activity. However, two important v...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Friesema IH, Koppeschaar CE, Donker GA, Dijkstra F, van Noort SP, Smallenburg R, van der Hoek W, van der Sande MA Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Antibody quantity versus quality after influenza vaccination.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The correlates for protection against influenza infection are incompletely characterized. We have applied an ELISA strategy that distinguishes antibodies against native viral surface antigens (potentially neutralizing) from antibodies directed against internal and denatured viral proteins (not neutralizing) to three groups of vaccinated subjects: (1) participants in a study of repeated annual vaccination, (2) elderly subjects and (3) patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus compared to control subjects. Antibody increase after vaccination was inversely related to the level of pre-existing antibodies in all groups; mo...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Feng J, Gulati U, Zhang X, Keitel WA, Thompson DM, James JA, Thompson LF, Air GM Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Influenza virus CTL epitopes, remarkably conserved and remarkably variable.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) contribute to the control of virus infections including those caused by influenza viruses. Especially under circumstances when antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination fail to recognize and neutralize the virus adequately, CTL are important and contribute to protective immunity. During epidemic outbreaks caused by antigenic drift variants and during pandemic outbreaks of influenza, humoral immunity against influenza viruses is inadequate. Under these circumstances, pre-existing CTL directed to the relatively conserved internal proteins of the virus may provide...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rimmelzwaan GF, Kreijtz JH, Bodewes R, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

WHO meeting on the role of neuraminidase in inducing protective immunity against influenza infection, Vilamoura, Portugal, September 14, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19840675 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bright RA, Neuzil KM, Pervikov Y, Palkonyay L Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Mumps resurgences in the United States: A historical perspective on unexpected elements.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 2006 the United States experienced the largest nationwide mumps epidemic in 20 years, primarily affecting college dormitory residents. Unexpected elements of the outbreak included very abrupt time course (75% of cases occurred within 90 days), geographic focality (85% of cases occurred in eight rural Midwestern states), rapid upward and downward shift in peak age-specific attack rate (5-9-year olds to 18-24-year olds, then back), and two-dose vaccine failure (63% of case-patients had received two doses). To construct a historical context in which to understand the recent outbreak, we reviewed US mumps surveillance d...
Source: Vaccine - October 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Barskey AE, Glasser JW, Lebaron CW Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

What's in a cough? And how can it be prevented Report on the 1st Pneumonia Working Group Meeting, Seoul, 15 December 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19815106 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - October 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Spier R Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Identification of a synthetic peptide inducing cross-reactive antibodies binding to Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus BM86 homologues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The BM86 antigen, originally identified in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is the basis of the only commercialized anti-tick vaccine. The long-term goal of our study is to improve BM86 based vaccines by induction of high levels of tick gut binding antibodies that are also cross-reactive with a range of BM86 homologues expressed in other important tick species. Here we have used a BD86 derived synthetic peptide, BD86-3, to raise a series of mouse monoclonal antibodies. One of these mAbs, named 12.1, recognized BM86 homologues in immuno-histochemical analyses in four out of five tick species including R. (B.) microp...
Source: Vaccine - October 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kopp N, Diaz D, Amacker M, Odongo DO, Beier K, Nitsch C, Bishop RP, Daubenberger CA Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Small fiber neuropathy following vaccination for rabies, varicella or Lyme disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report five patients who developed paresthesias within one day to two months following vaccination for rabies, varicella zoster, or Lyme disease. On examination, there was mild sensory loss in distal extremities, preserved strength, normal or minimally abnormal electrodiagnostic findings, and decreased epidermal nerve fiber densities per skin biopsy. Empiric immunomodulatory therapy was tried in two patients and was ineffective. All patients' symptoms have improved, but persist. We conclude that an acute or subacute, post-vaccination small fiber neuropathy may occur and follow a chronic course. PMID: 19808027 [PubMe...
Source: Vaccine - October 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Souayah N, Ajroud-Driss S, Sander HW, Brannagan TH, Hays AP, Chin RL Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Recombinant pro-apoptotic Mycobacterium tuberculosis generates CD8(+) T cell responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env and M. tuberculosis in neonatal mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG is an attractive vaccine vector against breast milk HIV transmission because it elicits Th1-type responses in newborns. However, BCG causes disease in HIV-infected infants. Genetically attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutants represent a safer alternative for immunocompromised populations. In the current study, we compared the immunogenicity in mice of three different recombinant attenuated Mtb strains expressing an HIV envelope (Env) antigen construct. Two of these strains (DeltalysA DeltapanCD Mtb and DeltaRD1 DeltapanCD Mtb) failed to induce significant levels of HIV Env-specific C...
Source: Vaccine - October 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ranganathan UD, Larsen MH, Kim J, Porcelli SA, Jacobs WR, Fennelly GJ Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Preclinical and clinical development of YFV 17D-based chimeric vaccines against dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dengue viruses (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are major global health and growing medical problems. While a live-attenuated vaccine exists since decades against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus (YFV), there is an urgent need for vaccines against dengue or West Nile diseases, and for improved vaccines against Japanese encephalitis. Live-attenuated chimeric viruses were constructed by replacing the genes coding for Premembrane (prM) and Envelope (E) proteins from YFV 17D vaccine strain with those of heterologous flaviviruses (ChimeriVax technology). This technology has bee...
Source: Vaccine - October 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Guy B, Guirakhoo F, Barban V, Higgs S, Monath TP, Lang J Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Which factors are important in adults' uptake of a (pre)pandemic influenza vaccine?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since 2008, (pre)pandemic vaccines against H5N1 influenza have been available and pandemic vaccines against new influenza H1N1 are currently produced. In The Netherlands, the vaccination call for seasonal influenza among the recommended groups approximates 70%. These statistics raise the question if adults in Western societies are willing to get a (pre)pandemic influenza vaccination, for example, against avian H5N1 or swine-like H1N1 virus. A questionnaire was performed to determine the predictors of a negative intention to be immunized against pandemic influenza among adults. Demographical, behavioural and organisatio...
Source: Vaccine - September 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zijtregtop EA, Wilschut J, Koelma N, Van Delden JJ, Stolk RP, Van Steenbergen J, Broer J, Wolters B, Postma MJ, Hak E Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Field experimental vaccination campaigns against myxomatosis and their effectiveness in the wild.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We conducted a field experiment in SW Spain to test the efficacy of a myxomatosis vaccine, a viral disease strongly affecting wild rabbit populations, by assessing individual survival and antibody seroprevalence of monthly live-trapped, vaccinated (N=466) and unvaccinated (N=558) juvenile wild rabbits, between April and October 2007. Eight percent of all juveniles caught from April to June showed maternal antibodies against myxomatosis, whereas all animals were seropositive to the disease after the outbreak. Juveniles vaccinated before the outbreak showed 17% higher survival (31% vs. 14%) and an increased mortality pro...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ferreira C, Ramirez E, Castro F, Ferreras P, Alves PC, Redpath S, Villafuerte R Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

A genetically engineered chimeric vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) improves clinical, pathological and virological outcomes in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected farms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study describes the effects of a commercially available genetically engineered chimeric vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on clinical, pathological and virological features in three multi-site farms suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The vaccine product was able to reduce clinical signs, PCV2 viral load in lymphoid organs and/or sera, and overall mortality in nurseries and fattening units. This is the first time in which is shown that a PCV2 vaccine is able to decrease specifically PMWS-associated mortality. Another novelty of this study is the assessment of PMW...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Segalés J, Urniza A, Alegre A, Bru T, Crisci E, Nofrarías M, López-Soria S, Balasch M, Sibila M, Xu Z, Chu HJ, Fraile L, Plana-Duran J Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Local and regional adverse reactions to BCG-SSI((R)) vaccination: A 12-month cohort follow-up study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a 12-month cohort follow-up study of 2435 children vaccinated in 2007 by Statens Serum Institute BCG strain (BCG SSI((R))), 17.8% had an adverse event (AE): erythema 12.4%, induration 12.2%, abscesses 2.5%, ulceration 0.9%, lymphadenitis 0.1%. The factors associated with a lower risk of AE were: age at vaccination <1 year compared to age >1 year (OR=0.35 [0.2-0.6] for age <28 days, 0.29 [0.2-0.42] for age 29 days to 2 months, and 0.53 [0.37-0.74] for age 3-11 months), a visible papule (OR=0.48 [0.36-0.63]), and a low vaccine dose (OR=0.42 [0.31-0.58]). AE to BCG SSI((R)) vaccination were frequent but rarely...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dommergues MA, Rocque FD, Guy C, Lécuyer A, Jacquet A, Guérin N, Fagot JP, Boucherat M, d'Athis P, Cohen R Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Transcutaneous immunization with novel lipid-based adjuvants induces protection against gastric Helicobacter pylori infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The development of vaccines to combat pathogens that infect across mucosal surfaces has been a major goal of vaccine research. Successful mucosal vaccination requires the co-administration of adjuvants that can overcome the state of immune tolerance normally associated with mucosal application of proteins. In the case of oral immunization, delivery systems are also required to protect vaccine antigens against destruction by gastric pH and digestive enzymes. Furthermore, adjuvants used for mucosal delivery must be free of neurotoxic effects like those induced by the commonly used experimental mucosal adjuvant cholera to...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hickey DK, Aldwell FE, Tan ZY, Bao S, Beagley KW Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Modeling vertical transmission of HIV: Imperfect vaccines can be of benefit.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reducing mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in resource poor countries continues to be a major challenge. Here, we construct a hazard model to assess the effectiveness of combinations of HIV vaccine, Nevirapine (NVP), and HIV-specific monoclonal antibody (HIVAB) in reducing MTCT of HIV during the intrapartum and breastfeeding periods. The model shows that an intervention that uses three doses of vaccine with 30% initial immunity and 30% boost effect with subsequent doses (giving rise to maximum immunity approximately 66% with 3 doses) could reduce MTCT to 7.7% when used with NVP and to 5.9% when used with NVP a...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sim MS, Cumberland WG, Duan N, Bryson YJ Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Immunotherapy with the saponin enriched-Leishmune((R)) vaccine versus immunochemotherapy in dogs with natural canine visceral leishmaniasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leishmune((R)), the first licensed vaccine for prophylaxis against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and is also immunotherapeutic when used with double saponin adjuvant concentration. The Leishmune((R)) therapeutic vaccine was assessed for immunotherapy (IT) in 31 infected dogs and for immunochemotherapy (ICT) in combination with allopurinol or amphotericinB/allopurinol, in 35 dogs. Compared to infected untreated control dogs, at month 3, both treatments increased the proportion of dogs showing intradermal response to Leishmania antigen to a similar extent (from 8 to 67%, in the IT and to 76%, in the ICT groups), an...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Borja-Cabrera GP, Santos FN, Santos FB, Trivellato FA, Kawasaki JK, Costa AC, Castro T, Nogueira FS, Moreira MA, Luvizotto MC, Palatnik M, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Local cytokine and inflammatory responses to candidate vaginal adjuvants in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study was undertaken to explore the correlation of adjuvanticity and local inflammatory response elicited in the murine vagina and the draining lymph nodes following local administration of two candidate vaginal adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG ODN, and a non-TLR targeting molecule alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Using real-time PCR array analysis, we could show that a group of 13 common cytokine genes are activated in the vagina within 24h after vaginal administration of these adjuvants, including Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12, Ccl19, Ccl20, Ccl22, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il10 and the Th1-inducing mole...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lindqvist M, Navabi N, Jansson M, Samuelson E, Sjöling A, Orndal C, Harandi AM Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Kinetics of antibody responses after primary immunization with meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine or secondary immunization with either conjugate or polysaccharide vaccine in adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the Netherlands the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MenCC) vaccine is administered as a single dose at 14 months. We evaluated the kinetics of isotype-specific antibodies in adults (n=21) after primary immunization with MenCC or secondary immunization with MenCC or plain MenC polysaccharide vaccine. Blood samples were collected prior to immunization and at 6 additional time points, from 3 to 25 days post-immunization. Secondary immunization resulted in 5-10-fold higher IgG titers compared to the primary immunization group, 25 days post-immunization. Prior to the secondary immunization, but 5 years after the fir...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: de Voer RM, van der Klis FR, Engels CW, Schepp RM, van de Kassteele J, Sanders EA, Rijkers GT, Berbers GA Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Functional and biological determinants affecting the duration of action and efficacy of anti-(+)-methamphetamine monoclonal antibodies in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
These studies examined the in vivo pharmacokinetics and efficacy of five anti-methamphetamine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, K(D) values from 11 to 250nM) in rats. While no substantive differences in mAb systemic clearance (t(1/2)=6.1-6.9 days) were found, in vivo function was significantly reduced within 1-3 days for four of the five mAbs. Only mAb4G9 was capable of prolonged efficacy, as judged by prolonged high methamphetamine serum concentrations. MAb4G9 also maintained high amphetamine serum concentrations, along with reductions in methamphetamine and amphetamine brain concentrations, indicating neuroprotection. The...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Laurenzana EM, Hendrickson HP, Carpenter D, Peterson EC, Gentry WB, West M, Che Y, Carroll FI, Owens SM Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Kinetics of viral shedding and immune responses in adults following administration of cold-adapted influenza vaccine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The optimal type and timing of specimens to study the immune responses to cold-adapted influenza vaccine (CAIV) and shedding of vaccine virus are not well established. Healthy adults were vaccinated with CAIV (n=10) or trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) (n=5). Shedding of vaccine strain influenza B was detected by culture in 6 of 10 CAIV recipients; influenza A was also detected in one of these subjects. Viral shedding by quantitative RT-PCR was detected in 9 of 10 subjects. We detected a >/=2-fold increase in influenza-specific IgA in nasal wash in 80-100% of CAIV recipients following vaccination, but specific IgG i...
Source: Vaccine - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hammitt LL, Bartlett JP, Li S, Rahkola J, Lang N, Janoff EN, Levin MJ, Weinberg A Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Status of natural infection with Japanese encephalitis virus in Japan: Prevalence of antibodies to the nonstructural 1 protein among humans and horses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19799840 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Konishi E Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

In silico DNA vaccine designing against human papillomavirus (HPV) causing cervical cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HPV vaccines available in the market are not effective against different strains of papillomavirus, therefore, there is a need to develop a new prophylactic DNA vaccine which can work against different strains of HPVs and may lead to protection of cervical cancer against new pandemic viruses. We designed a potential prophylactic DNA vaccine by using all the consensus epitopic sequences of HPVs L2 capsid protein and performed in silico cloning of multiepitopic antigenic DNA sequence in pVAX-1 vector. Immunogenicity of vaccine has been enhanced by techniques like codon optimization, engineering CpG motifs, introducing pr...
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gupta SK, Singh A, Srivastava M, Gupta SK, Akhoon BA Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Vaccination as infection control: A pilot study to determine the impact of Staphylococcus aureus vaccination on nasal carriage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Immune responses to vaccine were brisk and comparable in subjects with or without persistent colonization. Despite a substantial rise in anti-CP5 and anti-CP8 antibody concentrations post-vaccination, S. aureus nasal colonization rates did not significantly change. PMID: 19799842 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Creech CB, Johnson BG, Alsentzer AR, Hohenboken M, Edwards KM, Talbot TR Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Safety and immunogenicity of whole-virus, alum-adjuvanted whole-virus, virosomal, and whole-virus intradermal influenza A/H9N2 vaccine formulations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Avian influenza H9N2 viruses are considered as a pandemic threat. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of fourteen H9N2 vaccine formulations. A randomized, phase I trial was done in 353 adults, aged 18-82 years. Subjects received two doses of A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) whole-virus, alum-adjuvanted whole-virus, virosomal, or intradermal whole-virus vaccine at four doses (1.7, 5, 15 or 45mug haemagglutinin). Sera were obtained before and three weeks after each vaccination (days 0, 21, and 42) for haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) and neutralization assays. All formulations were well tolerated. Pre-vaccination sera ...
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nicholson KG, Thompson CI, Clap JM, Wood JM, Batham S, Newman RW, Mischler R, Zambon MC, Stephenson I Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Long-term presence of memory B-cells specific for different vaccine components.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we describe the identification of antigen-specific memory B-cells in peripheral blood of persons born between 1940 and 2004 in The Netherlands. Polyclonal stimulation of either PBMCs or purified B-cells induced proliferation and differentiation of B-cells of the memory phenotype (CD19(+)/CD27(+)) into antibody secreting cells (ASC). Memory B-cells against components of bacterial vaccines (Bordetella pertussis and tetanus) as well as viral vaccines (measles and influenza) were thus identified, even in persons with low serum antibody titers. Enrichment of B-cells increased the sensitivity of memory B-cell detec...
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Buisman AM, de Rond CG, Oztürk K, Ten Hulscher HI, van Binnendijk RS Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Generation of heterogeneous memory T cells by live attenuated tularemia vaccine in humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is very limited evidence concerning the phenotype, function, and homing characteristics of memory T (T(M)) cells elicited by vaccination against intracellular bacteria in humans. Here we studied T(M) subsets elicited by exposure to Francisella tularensis in humans as a model of immunity to intracellular bacteria. To this end, T(M) cells were evaluated in two groups: (1) subjects immunized with live attenuated tularemia vaccine by skin scarification and (2) tularemia naturally infected subjects. In both groups the immune responses were mediated by CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector T(M) cells, mostly CD45RA(-)CD62L(-) and...
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Salerno-Gonçalves R, Hepburn MJ, Bavari S, Sztein MB Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Early loss of measles antibodies after MMR vaccine among HIV-infected adults receiving HAART.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The initial humoral immune response to measles vaccine was not different between HIV-infected adults and HIV-uninfected adults. However, HIV-infected adults have a rapid decline of measles antibodies despite their high CD4+ cell count and sustained cellular proliferative response. PMID: 19799846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Belaunzarán PF, García-León ML, Wong-Chew RM, Villasís-Keever A, Cuellar-Rodríguez J, Mosqueda-Gómez JL, Muñoz-Trejo T, Escobedo K, Santos JI, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Sierra-Madero JG Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

HER-2/neu (657-665) represents an immunogenic epitope of HER-2/neu oncoprotein with potent antitumor properties.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe herein a novel HLA-A2.1-restricted epitope, encompassing amino acids 657-665 (AVVGILLVV), which is naturally presented by human breast and ovarian cell lines. HER-2/neu(657-665), [HER-2(9(657))], binds with high affinity to HLA-A2.1 molecules as revealed by a prediction algorithm (SYFPEITHI) and in functional assays. This peptide was found to be immunogenic in HLA-A2.1 transgenic (HHD) mice inducing peptide-specific CTL, which responded with increased IFNgamma production, degranulation, and in vitro as well as in vivo cytotoxicity. Most important, HER-2(9(657)) functioned as a therapeutic vaccine by enabling HH...
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gritzapis AD, Fridman A, La Monica N, Papamichail M, Aurisicchio L, Baxevanis CN Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Molecular epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in East Asia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19799848 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Morita K Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines: A review of the international experience so far.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite the advent of the Papanicolaou smear test almost 50 years ago, cervical cancer remains the second most common malignant disease in women and the leading cause of cancer death in developing countries. Thus the two prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines currently available have been greeted with enthusiasm internationally, as an emerging primary prevention strategy against cervical cancer. Prior to licensure the vaccines were trialed in over 60,000 women and assessed as safe, within the statistical constraints of the trials to detect very rare events. Post-licensure surveillance is underway as vaccinati...
Source: Vaccine - September 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Agorastos T, Chatzigeorgiou K, Brotherton JM, Garland SM Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals

Efficacy and safety of a live attenuated influenza vaccine in adults 60 years of age and older.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of LAIV in community-dwelling ambulatory adults >/=60 years of age in South Africa in 2001. Nose and throat swabs were obtained for influenza virus culture based on the symptoms of influenza-like illness. A total of 3242 subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of 69.5 years. The efficacy of LAIV against influenza viruses antigenically similar to the vaccine was 42.3% (95% CI, 21.6-57.8%). Efficacy against A/H3N2 viruses was 52.5% (95% CI, 32.1-67.2%); vaccine efficacy was not observed against antigenically ...
Source: Vaccine - September 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: De Villiers PJ, Steele AD, Hiemstra LA, Rappaport R, Dunning AJ, Gruber WC, Forrest BD, Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals