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435 records returned

Molecular characterization of a human group C rotavirus detected first in TurkeyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The present study was done to find out the prevalence of group B and C rotavirus infections in children with diarrhea presented at two major hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Group B rotavirus was not found in any samples. One of 122 samples was positive for group C rotavirus. Phylogenetic analysis of genes for nonstructural protein NSP4, and structural proteins VP4, VP6, and VP7 confirmed the human origin of this strain. Similar to other human group C rotaviruses, one N-glycosylation site was predicted at amino acid residue 67 on the VP7 of strain GUP188. The genes of strain GUP188 were closely related ...
Source: Virus Genes - November 14, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Pintails constitute an important host of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Genetic, molecular, and antigenic characteristics of H5 and H7 AIVs, which we isolated from northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in Japan, were analyzed and found to be linked to various ecological features, chiefly in terms of gene geography, as shaped by various migratory aquatic host species. Although all the isolates were found to be of low pathogenicity (LP), we explored gene predispositions that may potentially underlie tentative transition to high pathogenicity (HP). Evolutionarily, the HA and NA genes of the is...
Source: Virus Genes - November 14, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Incidence of endornaviruses in Phytophthora taxon douglasfir and Phytophthora ramorumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In this investigation, we show that four Phytophthora taxon douglasfir isolates from the USA, irrespective of their geographical location or host plant, and 20% of a representative cohort of Phytophthora ramorum isolates contain endornavirus dsRNAs. Three endornavirus-specific RT–PCR amplicons were generated by RT–PCR using dsRNA isolated from the four Phytophthora taxon douglasfir isolates and one representative Phytophthora ramorum isolate as template with oligonucleotide primers designed from the sequence of Phytophthora endornavirus 1. The amplified segments showed a very high degree of seque...
Source: Virus Genes - November 13, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Development and validation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of PRRSVEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract To establish a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), four primers specific to six regions of the N gene were designed. After amplification in an isothermal water bath for 1 h, samples containing PRRSV generated the expected ladder-like products while porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, and swine testis cells generated no product. The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP assay were evaluated by comparison with reverse...
Source: Virus Genes - November 12, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Analysis of bovine foamy virus btas mRNA transcripts during persistent infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we provided the first evidence for the temporal production and utilization of four different bovine foamy virus (BFV) btas mRNAs during persistent infection. These four forms of btas mRNA transcripts initiated either at BFV LTR or IP and spliced or unspliced have a differential ability to activate BFV promoters. Furthermore, by developing an MS2 translational operator/coat protein combined system to track mRNA exportation from the nucleus and distribution throughout the cytoplasm, we observed that the IP spliced transcript could be exported into the cytoplasm more efficiently than unspliced transcripts. ...
Source: Virus Genes - November 12, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Newcastle disease outbreaks in the Sudan from 2003 to 2006 were caused by viruses of genotype 5dEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious neurological and respiratory disease of poultry that affects all types of birds but has traditionally not caused symptoms in wild aquatic birds, the natural hosts. In the late 1990s, a new genotype, viz. 5d that is pathogenic to all types of birds, including waterfowl, arose in China and has since spread from East Asia into parts of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein gene of isolates obtained from outbreaks of ND in Sudan and found that all contemporary strains isolated between 2003 and 2006 were of genot...
Source: Virus Genes - November 11, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Recombinant dengue virus-like particles from Pichia pastoris: efficient production and immunological propertiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The envelope glycoprotein (E) of flavivirus is the major structural protein on the surface of the mature virions. The complexes of premembrane (prM) and E play important roles in virus assembly and fusion modulation and in potential immunity-inducing vaccines. In the present study, the cDNA encoding prM and E proteins of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) was subcloned into the pGAPZαA vector and further integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) constitutive promoter. The high-level constitutive expression of recombinant E antige...
Source: Virus Genes - November 3, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Construction of HCV-polytope vaccine candidates harbouring immune-enhancer sequences and primary evaluation of their immunogenicity in BALB/c miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract An efficient vaccine against hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection requires vigorous and focused CD8+ T-cell responses against viral antigens. Due to immunosuppressive effect of HCV antigens, polytope vaccines comprising the minimal CD8+CTL epitopes are of peculiar concern. Herein, to provide information for construction of efficient HCV polytope vaccine candidates, one H-2Dd (E2405–414:E2) and two HLA-A*0201 (E1363–372:E1 and Core35-44:C)-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes of HCV were selected. By employing number of in silico analyses, the E2E1C linear format was predicted as optimum epitope consecutio...
Source: Virus Genes - October 30, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Mixed infection in tomato to ensure frequent generation of a natural reassortant between two subgroups of Cucumber mosaic virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is divided into subgroups I (sub-I) and II (sub-II). Isolate CMV-PF, which had been isolated from tomato by single lesion isolation (SLI), was classified in sub-II by serology, but it had the pathogenicity of sub-I CMVs. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses showed that CMV-PF was actually a reassortant CMV isolate containing RNAs 1 and 2 from sub-I and RNA 3 from sub-II (I, I, and II). A subgroup-specific reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (SS-RT–PCR) was devised to detect reassortants between sub-I and sub-II. Six primer sets specific to geno...
Source: Virus Genes - October 28, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Identification and characterization of a highly virulent triple reassortant H1N1 swine influenza virus in the United StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A highly virulent H1N1 influenza A virus, A/Swine/Kansas/77778/2007 (KS07), which caused approximately 10% mortality in finishing pigs, was isolated from herds in the Midwestern United States. Molecular and phylogenic analysis revealed this swine isolate was a triple reassortant virus, similar to an H1N1 virus that infected humans and pigs at an Ohio county fair in August 2007. A pig challenge model was developed to evaluate the pathogenicity and transmission capacity of the KS07 virus. The results confirmed that the KS07 virus is highly virulent in pigs and easily transmitted to sentinel animals. T...
Source: Virus Genes - October 27, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Sulfasalazine induces apoptosis of HBx-expressing cells in an NF-κB-independent mannerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we demonstrate that sulfasalazine induces cell death via apoptosis in HBx-expressing liver cells, as evidenced by characteristic changes in nuclear morphology, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-9, and activation of caspase-3. We also demonstrate that inhibition of NF-κB by siRNA fails to induce apoptosis of HBx-expressing liver cells, indicating that sulfasalazine modulates apoptosis of HBx-expressing cells in an NF-κB-independent manner. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11262-009-0416-4Authors Young-Man Lee, Inje University Indang Institute of Molecula...
Source: Virus Genes - October 26, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Transgenic expression of tomato bushy stunt virus silencing suppressor P19 via the pOp/LhG4 transactivation system induces viral-like symptoms in tomatoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract During natural infection, the Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) silencing suppressor protein P19 is expressed at high levels, which are required for optimum viral pathogenicity and silencing suppression. To date, expression of P19 in transgenic host plants has failed to achieve comparable expression levels and thus has provided only limited information on its in planta effects. To obtain high P19 expression and study its effects on host plant development in the absence of virus infection, we generated HA-tagged P19 (P19HA)-transgenic tomato reporter plants using the pOp/LhG4 transactivation system, whi...
Source: Virus Genes - October 26, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Genetic characterization of 2006–2008 isolates of Chikungunya virus from Kerala, South India, by whole genome sequence analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a positive-stranded alphavirus, causes epidemic febrile infections characterized by severe and prolonged arthralgia. In the present study, six CHIKV isolates (2006 RGCB03, RGCB05; 2007 RGCB80, RGCB120; 2008 RGCB355, RGCB356) from three consecutive Chikungunya outbreaks in Kerala, South India, were analyzed for genetic variations by sequencing the 11798 bp whole genome of the virus. A total of 37 novel mutations were identified and they were predominant in the 2007 and 2008 isolates among the six isolates studied. The previously identified E1 A226V critical mutation, w...
Source: Virus Genes - October 22, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

The biological properties of E6 and E7 oncoproteins from human papillomavirusesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract More than 100 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been isolated so far, and they can be sub-grouped in cutaneous or mucosal according to their ability to infect the skin or the mucosa of the genital or upper-respiratory tracts. A sub-group of human mucosal HPVs, referred to as high-risk HPV types, is responsible for approximately 5% of all human cancers, which represents one-third of all the tumours induced by viruses. Epidemiological and biological studies have shown that HPV16 is the most oncogenic type within the high-risk group. Emerging lines of evidence suggest that, in addition to...
Source: Virus Genes - October 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Genetic diversity and evidence for recent modular recombination in Hawaiian Citrus tristeza virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we quantified the genetic diversity of two CTV genes and determined the complete genomic sequence for two strains of Hawaiian CTV. The nucleotide diversity was estimated to be 0.0565 ± 0.0022 for the coat protein (CP) gene (n = 137) and 0.0822 ± 0.0033 for the p23 gene (n = 30). The genome size and organization of CTV strains HA18-9 and HA16-5 were similar to other fully sequenced strains of CTV. The 3′-terminal halves of their genomes were nearly identical (98.5% nucleotide identity), whereas the 5′-terminal halves were more distantly related (72.3% nucleoti...
Source: Virus Genes - October 15, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

The evolution of two homologues of the core protein VP6 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), which correspond to the geographical origin of the virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus is a 10-segmented, double-stranded RNA virus. When these ten segments of dsRNA are run on 1% agarose, eastern (Australia, Japan) and western (North America, Africa, Middle-East) strains of the virus can be separated phenotypically based on the migration of genome segments 7–9. In western strains, segments 7–9 are roughly the same size and co-migrate as a single RNA band. In eastern strains, segment 9 is smaller, so while segments 7 and 8 co-migrate, the segment 9 RNA runs faster than its western homologue. Translation experiments demonstrated that these two...
Source: Virus Genes - October 15, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Adaptation of wild-type measles virus to cotton rat lung cells: E89K mutation in matrix protein contributes to its fitnessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Wild-type measles virus (wtMeV) adapted well to cotton rat lung (CRL) cells after serial passages. In order to evaluate the contributions of the individual genes of wtMeV for adaptation, whole genome sequences of the adapted and original viruses were determined and analyzed. The results showed that there were two mutations in the whole genome of the adapted virus. One mutation was located at the 265th nucleotide in the open reading frame (ORF) of the M gene, resulting in the substitution of the 89th amino acid from E (glutamate) to K (lysine). The other was a silent mutation located at the 4182nd nu...
Source: Virus Genes - October 13, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

A lipase-like gene from Heliothis virescens ascovirus (HvAV-3e) is essential for virus replication and cell cleavageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A unique feature of ascovirus infection is cleavage of host cells into virus containing vesicles. It has been suggested that the virus induces apoptosis, either by expression of a caspase or other means, which is then diverted toward vesicle formation. There is little known about the mechanism of vesicle formation. Recent genome sequences of three ascoviruses indicated the presence of several putative open reading frames coding for proteins that could be involved in lipid metabolism. These proteins may play a role in rearrangement of membranes in infected host cells leading to formation of vesicles....
Source: Virus Genes - October 10, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Characterization of Bombyx mori parvo-like virus non-structural protein NS1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract NS1 gene of Bombyx mori parvo-like virus (China Zhenjiang isolate, BmDNV-Z) codes a predicted 316-amino acid protein, but its function remains unknown. Results of the current study showed that purified recombinant 6×His-NS1 protein possesses ATP binding, ATPase, DNA binding, and helicase activities. Only one protein was captured in infected Bombyx mori midgut cells against NS1 target protein by employing co-immunoprecipitation, which was identified to be a viral protein by mass spectrometry. The NS1-interacting protein is encoded by BmDNV-Z ORF4 and its molecular is about 100 kD. Analysis of Hi...
Source: Virus Genes - October 9, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

An update on swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1: a reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the lives of millions. The emergence of new strains will continue to pose challenges to public health and the scientific communities. The recent flu pandemic caused by a swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1 (S-OIV) presents an opportunity to examine virulence factors, the spread of the infection and to prepare for major influenza outbreaks in the future. The virus contains a novel constellation of gene segments, the nearest known precursors being viruses found in swine and it probably arose through reassortment of two...
Source: Virus Genes - October 7, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

hycu-hr6, A large homologous region of the Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus genome, as a powerful and versatile enhancer in insect expression systemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the enhancement activity of hycu-hr6 against two promoters from constitutive baculovirus immediate early genes, the HycuNPV ie1 (hycu-ie1) and the Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid (M) NPV ie2 (op-ie2), and against a promoter from the inducible Drosophila heat shock protein 70 gene (hsp70) in five lepidopteran (BmN-4, Ld652Y, Sf9, SpIm, and TN368) and one dipteran (S2) insect cell lines. Comparative analyses of transient expression assays using the firefly luciferase gene (luc) as a reporter showed that hycu-hr6 enhanced the activity of all three promoters in all tested cell lines. Comparison of ...
Source: Virus Genes - October 7, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

RNA interference effectively degrades mRNA and inhibits protein expression of GBV-C E2 gene in Huh7 cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a GBV-C model cell system (HuhEG) which expressing a fusion protein of the GBV-C E2 protein and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) stably was established. And the expression of these proteins was silenced effectively by the two E2 gene-specific siRNAs and an EGFP gene-specific siRNA. This inhibition is sequence-specific and extensive (90%). This HuhEG/specific siRNAs system can provide an approach for investigating the association between GBV-C E2 and HIV replication, which may be of potential value in the development of novel prophylactic or therapeutic agents for HIV infection. Content Type ...
Source: Virus Genes - October 7, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Evolutionary genetics of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from whooper swans in northern Japan in 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the H5N1 viruses isolated in Japan, Russia and Hong Kong were derived from a common ancestor virus belonging to genotype V that was generated from genetic reassortment events between viruses of HA clades 2.3.2 and 2.3.4. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11262-009-0403-9Authors Tatsufumi Usui, Tottori University The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture 4-101 Minami Koyama, Tottori 680-8553 JapanTsuyoshi Yamaguchi, Tottori University The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture 4-101 Minami Koyama, Tottori 680-8553 JapanHiroshi Ito, Tottori University The Avian Zo...
Source: Virus Genes - October 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Molecular characterization and experimental host range of an isolate of Wissadula golden mosaic St. Thomas virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Partial genome segments of a begomovirus were previously amplified from Wissadula amplissima exhibiting yellow-mosaic and leaf-curl symptoms in the parish of St. Thomas, Jamaica and this isolate assigned to a tentative begomovirus species, Wissadula golden mosaic St. Thomas virus. To clone the complete genome of this isolate of Wissadula golden mosaic St. Thomas virus, abutting primers were designed to PCR amplify its full-length DNA-A and DNA-B components. Sequence analysis of the complete begomovirus genome obtained, confirmed that it belongs to a distinct begomovirus species and this isolate was na...
Source: Virus Genes - September 20, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Tensaw virus genome sequence and its relation to other BunyaviridaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the three RNA genome segments of a TSV isolated from Anopheles crucians mosquitoes collected in North Central Florida in 2006 and a TSV isolate obtained from the CDC, Fort Collins, were sequenced and compared to other Bunyaviridae. The placement of the TSVs within the Bunyamwera serogroup was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the inferred amino acid (aa) sequence of proteins coded by each of the RNA segments separately as well as by the combined tree of the same three inferred proteins. The N terminal glycoprotein (Gn) encoded by the M segment contained the 18 conserved Cysteines present in Bunyamwer...
Source: Virus Genes - September 17, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships of Desmodium leaf distortion virus (DeLDV): a new begomovirus infecting Desmodium glabrum in Yucatan, MexicoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The complete DNA-A component sequence of Desmodium leaf distortion virus (DeLDV, Begomovirus) isolated in Yucatan was determined to be 2569 nucleotides (nt) in length, and it was most closely related to Cotton leaf crumple virus-California (CLCrV-[Cal]), at 76%. The complete DNA-B component sequence was 2514 nt in length, and shared its highest nucleotide identity (60%) with Potato yellow mosaic Trinidad virus (PYMTV). Phylogenetic analyses group the DeLDV DNA-A component in the SLCV clade, whereas, the DeLDV DNA-B was grouped with the Abutilon mosaic virus clade, which also contains PYMV, suggesting ...
Source: Virus Genes - September 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Identification of new variants of SCMV causing sugarcane mosaic in India and assessing their genetic diversity in relation to SCMV type strainsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the two causative viruses of mosaic in sugarcane, a sugar crop widely grown under tropical and subtropical conditions worldwide. Although molecular characterization of SCMV strains was reported from many countries, strains occurring in India, a major sugarcane producer have not been reported so far. Twenty-six sugarcane samples represented by seven major sugarcane growing states in India and USA were subjected to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a pair of newly designed coat protein specific primers. Among them 17 were found posit...
Source: Virus Genes - September 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Identification and expression analysis of infectious laryngotracheitis virus encoding microRNAsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression at the post transcriptional level. Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is an alphaherpesvirus belonging to the herpesviridae family. It causes an acute respiratory disorder in chicken resulting in high mortality rates. ILTV encoding miRNAs have been identified in cell cultures infected by ILTV. Seven candidates ILTV encoding miRNAs were identified by the 454 FLX genome sequencing method. Five ILTV miRNAs identified in this study were identical to those previously repor...
Source: Virus Genes - September 3, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Molecular epizootiology of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in KoreaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We conducted a molecular epizootiological study of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Korea by analyzing 85 IBD viruses (IBDVs) obtained from vaccinated or unvaccinated flocks between 1980 and 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial nucleotide sequence of the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene (nucleotides 661–1020) and pathogenicity tests revealed more genetic and phenotypic diversity of IBDV in Korea than has been reported previously. We showed that very virulent IBDVs (vvIBDVs) were already present in Korea in 1986. Moreover, vvIBDVs were repeatedly detected in Korean poultry that had been...
Source: Virus Genes - September 3, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Biological and molecular characterization of a begomovirus associated with yellow mosaic vein mosaic disease of pumpkin from Northern IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The biological and molecular properties of Squash leaf curl China virus from Varanasi, India (SLCCNV-IN[IN:Var:Pum]) were characterized. SLCCNV-IN[IN:Var:Pum] could be transmitted by grafting and through whitefly transmission. The complete DNA-A and DNA-B components were amplified through PCR using specific DNA-A and DNA-B primers. The DNA-A of the isolate was comprised of 2,738 nucleotides, encoding typical six open reading frames, and DNA-B of 2,704 nucleotides, encoding two ORFs. Genome organization of the isolate was typical of an old world bipartite begomovirus. Comparisons showed that DNA-A an...
Source: Virus Genes - August 24, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Characterization of a monothiol glutaredoxin encoded by Chlorella virus PBCV-1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Annotation of the 330-kb Chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome identified a 237 nucleotide gene (a438l) that codes for a protein with ~35% amino acid identity to glutaredoxins (Grx) found in other organisms. The PBCV-1 protein resembles classical Grxs in both size (9 kDa) and location of the active site (N-terminus). However, the PBCV-1 Grx is unusual because it contains a monothiol active site (CPYS) rather than the typical dithiol active site (CPYC). To examine this unique active site, four site-specific mutants (CPYC, CPYA, SPYC, and SPYS) were constructed to determine if the N-terminal cysteine is ...
Source: Virus Genes - August 20, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Molecular evolution of novel swine-origin A/H1N1 influenza viruses among and before humanEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We find that the novel A/H1N1 influenza viruses exhibit very low genetic divergence and suffer strong purifying selection among human population and confirm that they originated from the reassortment of previous triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses including genomic segments from both avian and human lineages with North American and Eurasian swine lineages. The longer phylogenetic branch length to their nearest genetic neighbors indicates that the origin of the novel A/H1N1 is unlikely to be a very recent event. Seventy-six new unique mutations are found to be monomorphically fixed in the nove...
Source: Virus Genes - August 19, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of genomic sequences of PCV2 isolated in KoreaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The complete genomic sequences of 13 PCV2 viruses obtained between 2005 and 2007 were analyzed in order to determine their phylogenetic relationship and identify possible recombination events between PCV2a and PCV2b. Twelve PCV2b viruses and one PCV2a virus were identified by phylogenetic analysis. Notably, two PCV2b viruses (PF163 and C7201-1) were shown to belong to the 1B subgroup of PCV2b, which had not been previously reported in Korea. Theses two viruses were also predicted to be possible recombinants between PCV2a (the minor parent) and PCV2b (the major parent) by the RDP program (P <...
Source: Virus Genes - August 19, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Sequence analysis of morbillivirus CD150 receptor-signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) of different animal speciesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the morbillivirus receptor-SLAM from the four species, namely, goat (Capra hircus), sheep (Ovis aries), Indian cattle (Bos indicus), and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The nucleotide (nt) open reading frame sequence of SLAM gene in all the four species studied was 1017 nucleotides in length encoding a polypeptide of 339 amino acids (aa), similar to Bos taurus, but different from canine, human, marmoset, and mouse SLAM, which were 1029, 1008, 1011, and 1032 nts, respectively, in length, and coding for 343, 336, 337, and 344 aa, respectively....
Source: Virus Genes - August 9, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Complete nucleotide sequence of a Spanish isolate of Parietaria mottle virus infecting tomatoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The genome of a Spanish isolate of Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) obtained from tomato (strain PMoV-T) was completely sequenced. Protein motifs conserved for RNA viruses were identified: the p1 protein contained a metyltransferase domain in its N-terminal half and a triphosphatase/helicase domain in its C-terminal half, the p2 protein contained a RNA polymerase domain; the 3a protein contained a RNA-binding domain with α-helix and β-sheet secondary structures. In addition, stem-loop structures with potential capacity of protein interactions were predicted on the untranslated terminal regions. Comp...
Source: Virus Genes - July 27, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Comparative genomic sequence analysis of novel Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) isolated from Kenya and three other previously sequenced Helicoverpa spp. NPVsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A newly cloned Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) from Kenya, HearNPV-NNg1, has a higher insecticidal activity than HearNPV-G4, which also exhibits lower insecticidal activity than HearNPV-C1. In the search for genes and/or nucleotide sequences that might be involved in the observed virulence differences among Helicoverpa spp. NPVs, the entire genome of NNg1 was sequenced and compared with previously sequenced genomes of G4, C1 and Helicoverpa zea single-nucleocapsid NPV (Hz). The NNg1 genome was 132,425 bp in length, with a total of 143 putative open reading frames (O...
Source: Virus Genes - July 26, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Oral immunization of mice with recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike glycoproteinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 was selected as an antigen delivery vehicle for mucosal immunization against porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection. An approximately 70 kDa fragment of the N-terminal globular domain of the spike (S) protein (SN protein) from the coronavirus TGEV was used as the transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen model. Recombinant L. lactis, expressing the SN protein, was constructed with the pNZ8112 plasmid. Expression and localization of the transcribed SN protein from the recombinant LNZ9000-rTGEV-SN were detected via SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and immun...
Source: Virus Genes - July 25, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Molecular analysis and characterization of swine and human influenza viruses isolated in Hungary in 2006–2007Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In order to provide additional information to the epidemiological situation in Middle Europe and open further possibilities to investigate the transmission of influenza viruses between species, the viral genomes of three influenza A virus isolates (one human and two swine) collected from North-East Hungary in 2006–2007 have been fully sequenced and characterized. The sequence analysis reveals strong geographical relationships between the internal genes of the two swine viruses; the human isolate shows strict conservation to recent H1N1 strains, while the swine strains demonstrate and reflect a mix...
Source: Virus Genes - July 18, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Characterization of a newly emerged genetic cluster of H1N1 and H1N2 swine influenza virus in the United StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study indicates that the human-like H1 SIV can efficiently replicate and transmit in the swine host and now co-circulates with contemporary SIVs as a distinct genetic cluster of H1 SIV. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11262-009-0386-6Authors Amy L. Vincent, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit 2300 Dayton Road Ames IA 50010 USAWenjun Ma, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit 2300 Dayton Road Ames IA 50010 USAKelly M. Lager, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS Virus and Prion Diseases of Li...
Source: Virus Genes - July 14, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in chickens in EgyptEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from chickens in Egypt was determined and compared to the sequence of NDV strains isolated from different parts of the world. The genome is 15,186 nucleotides (nt) long and consists of 6 genes in the order of 3′-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5′. The genome contains a 55-nt leader region at the 3′ end and a 114-nt trailer region at the 5′ end. Interestingly, the phylogenetic analysis showed that strain Egypt is closely related with the NDV strains isolated in China. In addition, the sequence of the fusion protein cleavage site o...
Source: Virus Genes - July 10, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in ChinaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Several tomato production regions in China were surveyed for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), and 31 tomato leaf samples showing TYLCD-like symptoms were collected. The partial or full-length genomes of these isolates were sequenced and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was detected in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu Shandong and Hebei provinces of China. The TYLCV isolates found in China share high sequence identity (>98%) and have more than 97% sequence identity with TYLCV-IL[IL:Reo] (X15656). Phylogenetic relationship analysis reveals that although with little genetic variability, they...
Source: Virus Genes - July 10, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Sequence analysis of the prion protein gene in Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Prion diseases are a group of human and animal neurodegenerative conditions, which are caused by the deposition of an abnormal isoform prion protein (PrPSc) encoded by a single copy prion protein gene (Prnp). In sheep, genetic variations of Prnp were found to be associated with the incubation period, susceptibility, and species barrier to the scrapie disease. We investigated the sequence and polymorphisms of the prion protein gene of Mongolian gazelles (gPrnp). gPrnp gene sequence analysis of blood samples from 26 Mongolian gazelles showed high identity within species. The gPrnp gene was closely rel...
Source: Virus Genes - July 6, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Efficient transduction of cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 genes by a gene-regulatable lentiviral vectorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we constructed two HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors harboring the mifepristone-inducible gene expression unit in either the forward or the reverse orientation with respect to the direction of viral genomic RNA. The ability of these vectors to transduce cytotoxic and anti-HIV genes was evaluated. When human CD14 was used as a transgene, infectious lentiviral vectors were produced by both forward and reverse vector systems. CD14 expression was efficiently induced in cells transduced by both lentiviral vectors following treatment with mifepristone. However, a higher level of basal transgene expression was ob...
Source: Virus Genes - June 25, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Promoter motifs essential to the differential transcription of structural and non-structural genes of the white spot syndrome virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chimeric reporter genes were generated comprising nine different promoters of the white spot syndrome virus linked to luciferase, with the aim to compare their transcriptional activities in insect cells. The promoters included the four non-structural genes DNA polymerase, ribonucleotide reductase small subunit, ribonucleotide reductase large subunit, and thymidine-thymidylate kinase, and the five structural genes VP15, VP19, VP24, VP26, and VP28. The promoters of the non-structural but not the structural genes can function in these cells, indicating that transcription of the non-structural genes can...
Source: Virus Genes - June 25, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Molecular characterization of a human group C rotavirus detected first in TurkeyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The present study was done to find out the prevalence of group B and C rotavirus infections in children with diarrhea presented at two major hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Group B rotavirus was not found in any samples. One of 122 samples was positive for group C rotavirus. Phylogenetic analysis of genes for nonstructural protein NSP4, and structural proteins VP4, VP6, and VP7 confirmed the human origin of this strain. Similar to other human group C rotaviruses, one N-glycosylation site was predicted at amino acid residue 67 on the VP7 of strain GUP188. The genes of strain GUP188 were closely related ...
Source: Virus Genes - June 24, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Expression of porcine parvovirus VP2 gene requires codon optimized E. coli cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides a foundation for the application of VP2 protein in the clinical diagnosis of PPV and in the vaccination against PPV. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11262-009-0378-6Authors Ting Qi, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Harbin 15001 ChinaShangjin Cui, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Harbin 15001 China Journal Virus G...
Source: Virus Genes - June 20, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Characterization of the replication-competent porcine endogenous retrovirus class B molecular clone originated from Korean domestic pigEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Xenotransplantation from pigs offers an opportunity to resolve the shortage of human organs. The porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) cannot be eliminated because of its presence in the germline DNA. Three subgroups of the replication-competent PERV (PERV-A, PERV-B, and PERV-C) have been identified in pigs. We constructed a molecular clone of PERV-B from a Korean domestic pig BAC clone containing PERV genomes, and its replication competency was characterized in human cells. The pol region of PERV-B was detected in the genomic DNA of 293T cells transfected with PERV-B (465D1) and in the genomic DNA of...
Source: Virus Genes - June 19, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Identification and characterization of a novel Tritimovirus species isolated from wild Trisetum flavescens L., family PoaceaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Yellow oat-grass plants (Trisetum flavescens L.) with mild mosaic and pronounced dwarfing symptoms were observed at different locations in the Czech Republic. Electron microscope observations of symptomatic plants revealed the presence of filamentous particles and inclusion bodies characteristic of the family Potyviridae. The virus was readily mechanically transmitted to its original host plus a narrow host range of monocot species. Serological assays of infected plant extracts using antiserum specific to the closest species in the family Potyviridae were negative. The 3′ end of the viral genome wa...
Source: Virus Genes - June 17, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Genomic analysis of one Chinese strain YS07 of infectious bursal disease virus reveals unique genetic diversityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The complete genome sequence of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) YS07 strain with low mortality isolated from Guangdong province of China in 2007 was reported in this study. The genome sequences and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of YS07 were compared with that of previously reported IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced aa sequences of VP5, polyprotein, and VP1 protein revealed that YS07 bears its origin from European very virulent (vv) IBDV strains. Multiple aa sequences alignment revealed that YS07 contained a diversified genetic composition being characteristic to vv,...
Source: Virus Genes - June 17, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Comparative sequence analysis of A-type inclusion (ATI) and P4c proteins of orthopoxviruses that produce typical and atypical ATI phenotypesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Some orthopoxviruses produce large proteinaceous intracellular bodies, known as A-type inclusions (ATIs) during infection of host cells. Virions associate with ATIs resulting in distinct phenotypes referred to as V+, V+/ and V−. The phenotype V+ has the virions embedded in the ATI matrix; V− has no virions embedded within or on the surface of the ATI matrix, whereas an aberrant phenotype, the V+/ has virions only on the surface of ATIs. Viruses that do not produce ATI are designated as V0. Recombinant viruses generated from a V+ cowpox virus (CPXV) and a V0 transgenic vaccinia virus (VACV) produced...
Source: Virus Genes - June 17, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals