Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 671: Analytical and Clinical Performance of the NeuMoDx & trade; Platform for Cytomegalovirus and Epstein & ndash;Barr Virus Viral Load Testing
In conclusion, NeuMoDx CMV and EBV Quant Assays are sensitive and accurate tools for CMV and EBV DNA VL quantification. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Lindsay Coupland Katy Woodward Samir Dervisevic Rachel Hale Stephen Brolly Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 672: Longitudinal Dynamics of Immune Response in Occupational Populations Post COVID-19 Infection in the Changning District of Shanghai, China
Yihan Lu
Jianlin Zhuang
Monitoring the long-term changes in antibody and cellular immunity following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is crucial for understanding immune mechanisms that prevent reinfection. In March 2023, we recruited 167 participants from the Changning District, Shanghai, China. A subset of 66 participants that were infected between November 2022 and January 2023 was selected for longitudinal follow-up. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the immune response, including neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), anti-spike (S)-immunoglobulin G (IgG), anti-S-IgM, ...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Li Li Fengge Wang Xiaoding He Tingting Pei Jiani Lu Zhan Zhang Ping Zhao Jiayu Xue Lin Zhu Xinxin Chen Zijie Yan Yihan Lu Jianlin Zhuang Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 673: Towards Understanding and Identification of Human Viral Co-Infections
ping Wu
Viral co-infections, in which a host is infected with multiple viruses simultaneously, are common in the human population. Human viral co-infections can lead to complex interactions between the viruses and the host immune system, affecting the clinical outcome and posing challenges for treatment. Understanding the types, mechanisms, impacts, and identification methods of human viral co-infections is crucial for the prevention and control of viral diseases. In this review, we first introduce the significance of studying human viral co-infections and summarize the current research progress and gaps in this field....
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Hui Wu Hang-Yu Zhou Heng Zheng Aiping Wu Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 674: Transcriptomic Investigation of the Virus Spectrum Carried by Midges in Border Areas of Yunnan Province
Mang Shi
Yun Feng
Yunnan province in China shares its borders with three neighboring countries: Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos. The region is characterized by a diverse climate and is known to be a suitable habitat for various arthropods, including midges which are notorious for transmitting diseases which pose significant health burdens affecting both human and animal health. A total of 431,100 midges were collected from 15 different locations in the border region of Yunnan province from 2015 to 2020. These midges were divided into 37 groups according to the collection year and sampling site. These 37 groups of midges...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Lifen Yang Weichen Wu Sa Cai Jing Wang Guopeng Kuang Weihong Yang Juan Wang Xi Han Hong Pan Mang Shi Yun Feng Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 675: First Report of Endemic Frog Virus 3 (FV3)-like Ranaviruses in the Korean Clawed Salamander (Onychodactylus koreanus) in Asia
esik Park
Frog virus 3 (FV3) in the genus Ranavirus of the family Iridoviridae causes mass mortality in both anurans and urodeles worldwide; however, the phylogenetic origin of FV3-like ranaviruses is not well established. In Asia, three FV3-like ranaviruses have been reported in farmed populations of amphibians and reptiles. Here, we report the first case of endemic FV3-like ranavirus infections in the Korean clawed salamander Onychodactylus koreanus, caught in wild mountain streams in the Republic of Korea (ROK), through whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Two isolated FV3-like ranaviruses (Onychodacty...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Jongsun Kim Haan Woo Sung Tae Sung Jung Jaejin Park Daesik Park Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 676: Investigating the Interactions of the Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2b Protein with the Viral 1a Replicase Component and the Cellular RNA Silencing Factor Argonaute 1
ohn P. Carr
The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein is a suppressor of plant defenses and a pathogenicity determinant. Amongst the 2b protein’s host targets is the RNA silencing factor Argonaute 1 (AGO1), which it binds to and inhibits. In Arabidopsis thaliana, if 2b-induced inhibition of AGO1 is too efficient, it induces reinforcement of antiviral silencing by AGO2 and triggers increased resistance against aphids, CMV’s insect vectors. These effects would be deleterious to CMV replication and transmission, respectively, but are moderated by the CMV 1a protein, which sequesters sufficient...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sam Crawshaw Alex M. Murphy Pamela J. E. Rowling Daniel Nietlispach Laura S. Itzhaki John P. Carr Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 677: Caboxamycin Inhibits Heart Inflammation in a Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis Mouse Model
ang-Jip Nam
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a positive single-strand RNA genome virus which belongs to the enterovirus genus in the picornavirus family, like poliovirus. It is one of the most prevalent pathogens that cause myocarditis and pancreatitis in humans. However, a suitable therapeutic medication and vaccination have yet to be discovered. Caboxamycin, a benzoxazole antibiotic isolated from the culture broth of the marine strain Streptomyces sp., SC0774, showed an antiviral effect in CVB3-infected HeLa cells and a CVB3-induced myocarditis mouse model. Caboxamycin substantially decreased CVB3 VP1 production and cleav...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Hong-Gi Kim Prima F. Hillman You-Jeung Lee Ha-Eun Jeon Byung-Kwan Lim Sang-Jip Nam Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 678: Innate Immune Evasion of PRRSV nsp11 through Degradation of the HDAC2 by Its Endoribonuclease Activity
In this study, we delved into the role of histone deacetylases (HDAC2) during PRRSV infection. Our findings revealed that HDAC2 expression is downregulated upon PRRSV infection. Notably, suppressing HDAC2 activity through specific small interfering RNA led to an increase in virus production, whereas overexpressing HDAC2 effectively inhibited PRRSV replication by boosting the expression of IFN-regulated antiviral molecules. Furthermore, we identified the virus’s nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) as a key player in reducing HDAC2 levels. Mutagenic analyses of PRRSV nsp11 revealed that its antagonistic effect on ...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: He Zhang Jianxing Chen Changqing Yu Yu Pan Wenjie Ma Hao Feng Jinxin Xie Hongyan Chen Yue Wang Changyou Xia Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 667: Unveiling the Role of Human Papillomavirus in Urogenital Carcinogenesis a Comprehensive Review
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Human papillomavirus (HPV), an oncogenic DNA virus, is the most common sexually transmitted virus and significant public health concern globally. Despite the substantial prevalence of HPV infection among men, routine testing remains elusive due to the lack of approved HPV tests and the complexity of detection methods. Various studies have explored the link between HPV and genitourinary cancers, revealing different associations influenced by geographic variation, histological subtype and methodological differences. These findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate the role of HPV in male urogen...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Beliz Bahar Karao ğlan Y üksel Ürün Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 668: The Role of the Host Cytoskeleton in the Formation and Dynamics of Rotavirus Viroplasms
hwald
Rotavirus (RV) replicates within viroplasms, membraneless electron-dense globular cytosolic inclusions with liquid–liquid phase properties. In these structures occur the virus transcription, replication, and packaging of the virus genome in newly assembled double-layered particles. The viroplasms are composed of virus proteins (NSP2, NSP5, NSP4, VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP6), single- and double-stranded virus RNAs, and host components such as microtubules, perilipin-1, and chaperonins. The formation, coalescence, maintenance, and perinuclear localization of viroplasms rely on their association with the cy...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Janine Vetter Melissa Lee Catherine Eichwald Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 669: Identification of HLA-A*11:01 and A*02:01-Restricted EBV Peptides Using HLA Peptidomics
Xiaofei Zhang
Miao Xu
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is closely linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), notably prevalent in southern China. Although type II latency of EBV plays a crucial role in the development of NPC, some lytic genes and intermittent reactivation are also critical for viral propagation and tumor progression. Since T cell-mediated immunity is effective in targeted killing of EBV-positive cells, it is important to identify EBV-derived peptides presented by highly prevalent human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules throughout the EBV life cycle. Here, we constructed an EBV-positive NPC cell mo...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Yufei Wang Wanlin Zhang Ruona Shi Yanran Luo Zhenhuan Feng Yanhong Chen Qiuting Zhang Yan Zhou Jingtong Liang Xiaoping Ye Qisheng Feng Xiaofei Zhang Miao Xu Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 670: HIV-1 Capsid Rapidly Induces Long-Lived CPSF6 Puncta in Non-Dividing Cells, but Similar Puncta Already Exist in Uninfected T-Cells
Bishop
The HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein forms the outer shell of the viral core that is released into the cytoplasm upon infection. CA binds various cellular proteins, including CPSF6, that direct HIV-1 integration into speckle-associated domains in host chromatin. Upon HIV-1 infection, CPSF6 forms puncta in the nucleus. Here, we characterised these CPSF6 puncta further in HeLa cells, T-cells and macrophages and confirmed that integration and reverse transcription are not required for puncta formation. Indeed, we found that puncta formed very rapidly after infection, correlating with the time that CA entered the nucleus. ...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Anabel Gued án Megan Burley Eve R. Caroe Kate N. Bishop Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 659: Design and Application of Biosafe Coronavirus Engineering Systems without Virulence
ingxin Ma
In the last twenty years, three deadly zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs)—namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2—have emerged. They are considered highly pathogenic for humans, particularly SARS-CoV-2, which caused the 2019 CoV disease pandemic (COVID-19), endangering the lives and health of people globally and causing unpredictable economic losses. Experiments on wild-type viruses require biosafety level 3 or 4 laboratories (BSL-3 or BSL-4), which significantly hinders basic virological r...
Source: Viruses - April 24, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Guoqiang Wu Qiaoyu Li Junbiao Dai Guobin Mao Yingxin Ma Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 660: Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Producing Bacterial Cocktail Reduces Rotavirus A, B, and C Infection and Disease in Gnotobiotic Piglets
In this study, germ-free piglets were colonized with HBGA+ or HBGA- bacterial cocktail and infected with RVA/RVB/RVC of different genotypes. Diarrhea severity, virus shedding, immunoglobulin A (IgA) Ab titers, and cytokine levels were evaluated. Overall, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria resulted in reduced diarrhea severity and virus shedding compared to the HBGA- bacteria. Consistent with our hypothesis, the reduced severity of RV disease and infection was not associated with significant alterations in immune responses. Additionally, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria conferred beneficial effects irrespective of the piglet ...
Source: Viruses - April 24, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sergei A. Raev Maryssa K. Kick Maria Chellis Joshua O. Amimo Linda J. Saif Anastasia N. Vlasova Tags: Communication Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 661: T-Cell Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines and Breakthrough Infection in People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
rco
Malcolm Hedgcock
Cecilia T. Costiniuk
Mark Hull
Marianne Harris
Marc G. Romney
Julio S. G. Montaner
Zabrina L. Brumme
Mark A. Brockman
People living with HIV (PLWH) can exhibit impaired immune responses to vaccines. Accumulating evidence indicates that PLWH, particularly those receiving antiretroviral therapy, mount strong antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines, but fewer studies have examined cellular immune responses to the vaccinations. Here, we used an activation-induced marker (AIM) assay to quantify SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells generated by two and three doses of COVID-19 v...
Source: Viruses - April 24, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sneha Datwani Rebecca Kalikawe Rachel Waterworth Francis M. Mwimanzi Richard Liang Yurou Sang Hope R. Lapointe Peter K. Cheung Fredrick Harrison Omondi Maggie C. Duncan Evan Barad Sarah Speckmaier Nadia Moran-Garcia Mari L. DeMarco Malcolm Hedgcock Cecili Tags: Article Source Type: research
