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Facing challenges for drug discovery using molecular display technology and combinatorial bioengineering.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19881197 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shibasaki S, Ueda M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Novel high-throughput system for production of new medicines-integration and combination with molecular display and combinatorial bioengineering.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To demonstrate the practical use of a novel high-throughput screening system by single cells constructed by the molecular display method, a yeast cell chip microchamber array was developed. As applications, peptides, peptidases, and antibodies were examined. Neurolysin originally recognizes substrates with six-amino-acid-long residues, cleaving a peptide bond in the center position of the substrate amino acid sequence. To alter the recognition of the P2' amino acid of substrates by neurolysin, six residues of neurolysin which might be involved in the formation of the neurolysin S2' subsite were individually and compreh...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ueda M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Research and development of combinatorial bioengineering using zebrafish and its application on drug discovery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The main challenge of the post-genomic era is to functionally characterize genes identified by the genome sequencing projects. Model organisms, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), are indispensable for this demanding task. Zebrafish has recently been successfully incorporated into large-scale genetic screens due to the optical clarity of the embryos and their accessibility to various experimental techniques throughout development. The attractiveness of the zebrafish as a model organism is enhanced by the biological availability of continuously improving genomic tools and methodologies for functional characterization of ...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tamaru Y Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Applications of the Motif-programmed Proteins in Medical Area.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Motif-programming is a method for creating artificial proteins by combining functional peptide motifs in a combinatorial manner. Motifs are often short amino acid sequences within natural proteins that are associated with particular biological functions. Motifs also can be created de novo using molecular engineering. In particular, peptide aptamers, which have been isolated as specific binders against various targets, are believed to be promising motif blocks for creating novel biomaterials through motif-programming. It is now known, however, that simple arithmetic addition does not always work with motif-programming-e...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shiba K Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Beyond antibodies: generation of conformationally constrained peptides for molecular-targeting therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
At present, antibodies are indisputably the most successful reagents in molecular targeting therapy. However, use of antibodies has been limited due to the biophysical properties and the cost to manufacture. To enable new applications where antibodies show some limitations, we have developed an alternative-binding molecule with non-immunoglobulin domain. The molecule is a helix-loop-helix peptide, which is stable against natural enzymes in vivo and is small size to be non-immunogenic. We refer it as "MicroAntibody". The peptide is composed of three structural regions, N-terminal alpha-helix, C-terminal alpha-helix, and...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fujii I Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Rational Fragment-design Method Based on a Thermodynamic Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have explored the utility of this approach using anti-ciguatoxin antibody 10C9 as a model in the screening of a chemical library. We previously showed that 10C9 possesses an extraordinary large antigen-binding pocket that recognizes the antigen ciguatoxin by means of a favorable binding enthalpy. Here, among the many compounds tested, three of them could bind to the antigen-binding pocket of 10C9 with a few kcal/mol of favorable binding enthalpy. In addition, these compounds showed structural analogies with the proper antigen ciguatoxin: a comparison with other compounds which showed no favorable enthalpy...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tsumoto K, Ui M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Protein Display onto Nano-sized Bacterial Magnetic Particles for Receptor Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Magnetic particles offer vast potential in ushering new techniques, especially in biomedical applications, as they can be easily manipulated by magnetic force. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize nano-sized biomagnetites, otherwise known as bacterial magnetic particles (BacMPs) that are individually enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. BacMPs are ultrafine magnetite crystals (50-100 nm diameters) with uniform morphology produced by Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. Based on our elucidations on the molecular mechanism of BacMP formation in M. magneticum AMB-1, functional nanomaterials have been designed. Through geneti...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yoshino T, Matsunaga T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Generation of mucosal vaccine utilizing lactobacillus display system.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of Gram-positive, and generally recognized as safe bacteria. LAB have been used as the starter for the fermentation food (i.e., cheese, yoghurt and kimuchi etc.). On the other hand, several studies of LAB as delivery vehicles have focused on the generation of mucosal vaccine. We have developed novel surface display system based on PgsA gene, which isolated from Bacillus subtilis chungkookjang. We introduce the Lactobacillus surface display system by using the PgsA anchor protein and its application. HPV oncogene, E7, is a reliable target protein since E7 is expressed in the CIN le...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sewaki T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Development of platform technology using molecular display.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Techniques for immobilizing proteins on surface of virus or microorganisms, namely molecular display technologies, have played important roles in helping the elucidation of protein-protein interactions in cells and to develop research on drug discovery. Phage display system is well-established and sophisticated; consequently, bioactive low-molecular-weight ligands and proteins significant in pharmaceutical industry have been found. In addition to the development of novel functional proteins by phage display using results from experiments in genomics and proteomics, ribosome display or yeast display systems have been de...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shibasaki S Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Intestinal absorption and secretion mechanism of carboxylate drugs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We reported that ferulic acid, which is widely used as a functional food, affects the transport of clinical agents. The major dose-limiting toxicity after administration of irinotecan hydrochloride, 7-ethyl-10-(4-[1-piperidino]-1-piperidino)-carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11) is severe diarrhea. We have found that a specific transport system mediates the uptake of active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) across the apical membrane in Caco-2 cells. Baicalin and sulfobromophthatlein inhibit this transporter. Inhibition of this transporter would be a useful means for reducing late-onset diarrhea. PMID: 19881...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Itagaki S Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Individual Differences of Drug-metabolizing Enzymes as Determinants for the Metabolic Fate of Chemicals-A Study of Trimethylamine and Flavin-containing Monooxygenase 3-.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on polymorphic human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) and dietary-derived trimethylamine. Malodorous trimethylamine is generally converted to odorless trimethylamine N-oxide by liver microsomal FMO3. Trimethylaminuria is caused by functional disorder of FMO3. In this study mutations of the FMO3 gene were examined in self-reported Japanese trimethylaminuria subjects that showed low FMO3 metabolic capacity in urine tests. Nine novel polymorphisms in the FMO3 gene were discovered in self-reported Japanese volunteers. Functional analyses of recombinant FMO3 proteins suggested that these FMO3 gene m...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shimizu M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Dosing time based on molecular mechanism of biological clock of hepatic drug metabolic enzyme.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mammalian circadian pacemaker stays in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Recent several studies reveal that the circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior are controlled by clock genes. In addition, the effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs vary depending on dosing time associated with 24-h rhythms of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes under the control of the circadian clock. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, and is mainly biotransformed and eliminated as nontoxic conjugates with glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid. Only a small portion of the dose is mainly bioactiv...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Matsunaga N Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Introducing Hazard Prediction Training 'KYT' to Undergraduate Pharmacy Education on Patient Safety.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To develop students' sensitivity toword medication hazards, we have introduced a behavioral approach, "Kiken-Yochi Training" (KYT) for hazard prediction training to pharmacy education. KYT was originally implemented in the field of occupational health and safety in Japan. Only recently it has been introduced in the medical arena. The process consists of four steps; identification of hazards, assessing risks, planning countermeasure, and making action plan. One facilitator organizes the KYT class (20 students divided into four or five small groups). Watching a photo or illustration of everyday occurrences, each group fo...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Murai Y, Sato M, Yamaguchi H, Shimada M, Mano N, Goto J, Hishinuma T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium Release from Matrix Pellets Compressed into MUPS Tablets.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the study was to screen the effects of formulation factors on the in vitro release profile of diclofenac sodium from matrix pellets compressed into multiple unit pellet system (MUPS) tablets using design of experiment (DOE). Extended release of diclofenac sodium was accomplished using Carbopol((R)) 71G as matrix substance. According to Fractional Factorial Design FFD 2(3-1) four formulations of diclofenac sodium MUPS matrix tablets were prepared. The process of direct pelletization and subsequently compression of the pellets into tablets was applied in order to investigate a different approach in formula...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ivić B, Ibrić S, Betz G, Djurić Z Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Incompatibility of Ceftriaxone Sodium with Calcium-containing Products.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incompatibility of ceftriaxone with calcium-containing products, which had been the subject of an ALERT issued by the FDA. The influence of calcium ion concentration, storage temperature and shaking on the appearance and quantity of insoluble microparticles in mixtures of the two was examined using a light obscuration particle counter and a stereomicroscope. Appropriate volumes of 2% (w/v) calcium chloride solution were added to ceftriaxone sodium for injection (10 mg/ml) to make solutions with final calcium ion concentrations of 0.5-2.5 mmol/l, and stored at 20 degrees C, ...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nakai Y, Tokuyama E, Yoshida M, Uchida T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

The attitude survey of medical staff on the participation of community pharmacists in the palliative home care.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study clarified that other medical team members need the participation of community pharmacists in palliative home care. Therefore, it seems important for these pharmacists to be proactive in participating in such care in the future. PMID: 19881212 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Akai N, Fujita-Hamabe W, Tokuyama S Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Cell Apoptosis Induced by delta-Elemene in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells via a Mitochondrial-mediated Pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we demonstrated that apoptotic cell death induced by delta-elemene in DLD-1 cells was concentration-and time-dependent, and had little inhibition of the normal human liver cell line WRL-68. Apoptosis was further confirmed and quantified by DNA fragmentation ELISA, Annexin V (AnV) binding of externalized phosphatidylserine and the mitochondrial probe JC-1 using flow cytometry. The rapid increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was involved in the mechanism of cell death. Western blot analysis demonstrated that delta-elemene activated the caspase-signaling pathway, leading to the proteolys...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Xie CY, Yang W, Li M, Ying J, Tao SJ, Li K, Dong JH, Wang XS Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Cilostazol induces metallothionein expression in vascular cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the induction of MT synthesis by cilostazol, an antiplatelet drug, in several vascular component cells to find a new pharmacological effect of cilostazol in vascular system. In human coronary artery endothelial cells, cilostazol significantly increased MT-IX and MT-IIA mRNA levels after the treatment for 6 h and endogenous MT-I/II protein levels after the treatment for 24 and 48 h. In addition, cadmium cytotoxicity was prevented by cilostazol in this endothelial cells. Moreover, cilostazol increased MT-IX and MT-IIA mRNA levels in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells, human brain microvascular endothelial ...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fujiwara Y, Kitagawa T, Shinkai Y, Kaji T, Satoh M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Hormone Excretion and Peroxisomes of Human Immortalized Extravillous Trophoblast Cells (TCL-2) Derived from First-Trimester Placenta.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We studied the hormone excretion of human immortalized extravillous trophoblast cells (TCL-2, first-trimester cells) and determined whether peroxisomes are present in TCL-2. The results of TCL-2 were compared with those of TCL-1 (third-trimester cells). Morphologically, TCL-2 cells were fibroblast-like, and the growth rate of TCL-2 was slower than that of TCL-1 during 3 days culture. Progesterone was detected in the medium of TCL-2, and its concentration was approximately one-tenth of that in TCL-1. The activity of the peroxisomal marker enzyme catalase was detected in the TCL-2 homogenate, and it was about one-third t...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hashimoto F, Ono A, Matsuoka K, Yokota S, Seki H, Takeda S, Hayashi H Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Overview of 45 years of studies on Peptide chemistry.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review documents my research for the past 45 years in peptide chemistry. Initially, in order to study the structure-activity relationships of active center of alpha- and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormones (H-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-OH), we employed D-amino acids. That approach yielded first published report in 1965 of antagonists containing D-amino acids. Monkey beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH), an 18 amino acid peptide stimulated pigment cells. We synthesized beta-MSH and fragments thereof, and studied in detail structure-activity relationships. A major and valuable result revealed that the C-terminal...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Okada Y Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Search of novel bioactive natural products from plant sources-novel structures and biological activities-.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Over 30 years, our laboratory has been involved in the search of bioactive natural products from plant sources of several plant families, Rutaceae, Guttiferae, Avicenniaceae, and so on. In this review, novel structures of acridone alkaloids, carbazole alkaloids, coumarins, depsidones, and so on isolated in our laboratory will be showed. In addition, some results of assay of biological activities of the isolated compounds also will be described. PMID: 19797871 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Furukawa H Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

A fusion of field and laboratory studies in the investigation of arsenic.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Arsenic is ubiquitously distributed in nature throughout Earth's crust and thus the major source of exposure to this metalloid for the general population is naturally polluted drinking water from wells. In East Asia, more than 30 million people are chronically exposed to arsenic. Interestingly, the manifestations of vascular diseases caused by prolonged exposure to arsenic are consistent with those induced by impaired production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). However, no information has been available on the relation between NO synthesis and chronic arsenic poisoning in humans. A cross-sectional study in an ...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kumagai Y Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Development of rare metal-free synthetic method using new iodine reagents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxidation is synthetically important as functional group transformation as well as bond-forming method. Hypervalent iodine reagents such as phenyliodine (III) diacetate (PIDA) and phenyliodine (III) bis (trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) are one of the promising reagents for development of environmentally benign oxidations, due to their mild reactivity, low toxicity, safety, ready availability, and easy handling. Our recent challenge to this chemistry is to enhance the synthetic value of the reagents as useful alternative to highly toxic heavy metal oxidants and even rare transition metals, by pioneering a new method for enabli...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Dohi T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Development of Acid-Base Organocatalysts for Enantioselective aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza-MBH) Reactions via Dual Activation Mechanism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review describes our recent efforts in the development of acid-base organocatalysts, (S)-3-(N-isopropyl-N-3-pyridinylaminomethyl) BINOL (6a) and (S)-3-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] BINOL (13a), with dual activation mechanism for the aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza-MBH) reaction. In these catalysts, chiral Brønsted acid units are connected with a Lewis base unit via a spacer. The acid-base moieties act cooperatively as an enzyme-mimetic catalyst to activate substrates in the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between enones and N-tosylimines with high enantioselectivity. PMID: 19797874 [PubMed - in process...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Takizawa S Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by prostanoids.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined inflammatory cytokine-induced iNOS expression and NO production in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cytokine-induced hyporesponsiveness of the aorta from mice lacking the thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) receptor (TP(-/-) mice). The cytokine-induced iNOS expression and NO production were significantly augmented in TP(-/-) VSMCs. Furthermore, U-46619, a TP agonist, inhibited the cytokine-induced iNOS expression and NO production. The cytokine-induced hyporesponsiveness of aortas to vasoconstrictor was significantly augmented in TP(-/-) aorta. Finally, U-46619 significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yamada T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Pathology and strategies for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cerebral ischemia, a pathological condition in which brain tissue experiences a shortage or lack of glucose and oxygen, provokes an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that may lead clinically to a progressive dementia and global cognitive deterioration. Accumulating evidence indicates many biochemical cascades that lead ultimately to ischemia-induced cell death. However, the cellular and molecular aspects of cerebral ischemia are not yet fully understood. Since the pattern of pathophysiological alterations is not the same for all cells in the ischemic brain, a good understanding of the cellular and molecular alter...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Takagi N Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Protein modification system in dormant cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dormancy in an organism is an adaptive response to environmental stress. The initiation, maintenance, and breaking of dormancy are adaptations to environmental signals. In active cells, an environmental response is genetically controlled general phenomenon. However, no such system is available in dormant cells, in which almost all gene expression is repressed. Bacterial spores are dormant and highly resistant to many environmental stresses. I analyzed the protein profile of Bacillus subtilis spores by a combination of SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS to reveal protein modification in dormant cells. I found that protein modificati...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kuwana R Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Development of Click Peptide: Stimuli-responsive Precursor Producing Alzheimer's Disease-related Amyloid beta Peptide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) 1-42 plays a crucial role. However, the detailed pathological mechanism remains unclear. This elucidation is hampered by handling difficulties of Abeta1-42 due to its poor water-solubility and uncontrollable aggregation. These properties prevent reproducing neurotoxicity-related assembly events of Abeta1-42 in the experiments, leading to discrepant study outcomes. Namely, such properties of Abeta1-42 are serious obstacles to establish an experiment system that clarifies the pathological mechanism of Abeta1-42 in AD. To solve these pro...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Taniguchi A Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Structure and function of sphingomyelinase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article summarized current knowledge of characteristics and mode of action of Bc-SMase. PMID: 19797879 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Oda M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Examination of Questionnaire Items regarding Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Epalrestat-treated Patients and Their Usefulness in the Treatment of This Disorder - Influence on Treatment Course.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epalrestat (Kinedak((R))) is an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In 41 diabetics, we conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and select appropriate drug therapy. We investigated 27 patients who participated in the first and second questionnaire surveys. We reviewed questionnaire items, and examined the correlation between the therapeutic effects and responses to the questionnaire. Concerning the usefulness of the questionnaire items, some questions were correlated with the effects. Treatment was effective for somatic neuropathy, but not for auto...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ito A, Ishii-Nozawa R, Ibuki C, Atarashi H, Kataoka H, Takeuchi K Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

H(2)O(2) Oxidation of 1,4-Dihydropyridines over Mg(2+) Ion Exchanged Clinoptilolite and Solventless Solid State Acid Decomposition of Ester to 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The acid property of alkali and alkali earth cation exchanged clinoptiolites were observed by micro-calorimetry of NH(3) adsorption at 200 degrees C. The reaction rates on decomposition of tert-butyl acetate (TBA) over clinoptilolites was proportional to the acid strength. 1,4-Dihydropyridines were oxidized to corresponding Pyridines in high yields at room temperature by H(2)O(2) aqueous solution over Mg(2+) ion exchanged clinoptilolte (CZ-Mg) in acetone. Solventless acid ester decomposition of Di-tert-butyl 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate to 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid was effected using CZ-Mg at 170 degrees C. PMID: ...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yamashiro T, Sato K, Nomura M, Nakata S Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Capillary electrophoresis analysis of contaminants in heparin sodium for the Japanese pharmacopoeia purity test.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, CE will be an alternative to the NMR method which is being adopted for purification test of heparin sodium in the present version of JP. PMID: 19797882 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kakoi N, Kinoshita M, Kawasaki N, Yamaguchi T, Hayakawa T, Kakehi K Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Participation of Pharmacist CRC in Practical On-site Training-A Survey by Questionnaire to Pharmacy Students-.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to estimate the 4th grade-students' knowledge regarding clinical trials, we carried out the questionnaire survey to the students being about to take practice in hospitals, and could collect answers from 163 students. This survey revealed that about 25% of the students could not draw the difference between "clinical trial" and "clinical research". As for the question about the technical terms regarding the clinical trial, clear correlation between students' learning experience and their knowledge was suggested. Furthermore, over 46% of the students answered that the pharmacists acting as clinical research coord...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Misaki T, Nakazawa M, Tsutsumi K, Kayanuma T, Kamiyama Y, Fukasawa K, Tezuka H, Suzuki M, Hanawa T, Oguchi T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Exploitation of the chemistry of magnesium carbenoids and their use in organic synthesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Synthetic organic chemistry is a base of medicinal chemistry and the exploitation of new methods for carbon-carbon bond formation is of most importance in synthetic organic chemistry. Carbenes and carbenoids have long been known to be highly reactive carbon species that show a variety of unique reactivity. However, those reactive species are not fully used in organic synthesis. The reasons are as follows: one is the precursors for the generation of carbenes and carbenoids are quite limited and the other is that the reactivity of the species is too high to control. In order to solve the problem mentioned above, we used ...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Satoh T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Molecular physiological study of electrolyte transporters in renal tubular epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Patients with lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are at high risk for the pathogenesis of a life-threatening atherosclerotic disease. The elucidation of the mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis can bring about the prevention and the cure of lifestyle-related diseases. We think that abnormal transport of electrolytes in renal tubule is involved in lifestyle-related diseases and renal failure. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of Mg(2+) transport pathways in renal tubular cells. Mg(2+) filtrated by glomeruli is reabsorbed by transcellular and paracellular pa...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ikari A Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Elucidation of lipid complex formation mechanisms by static/dynamic structural evaluation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biomembrane is a place for signal transduction, where protein-membrane interactions are controlled by the membrane environment. This environment could be modified by lipid dynamics, such as interbilayer transport and transbilayer movement, which are governed by lipid transfer proteins and translocase enzymes, respectively. Thus, static and dynamic structural evaluations of the membranes are important to understand the links among function, structure, and dynamics of lipid membranes. This review describes our recent studies for 1) the production of lipid nanoparticles with nonlamellar liquid crystalline phases, 2) membr...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nakano M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

A study on the insoluble microparticulate contamination at ampoule opening.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The hazardous effects due to the insoluble microparticles generated in the injections have been pointed out. To our knowledge, however, there have been no reports about insoluble microparticulate contamination at ampoule opening. Therefore, we performed this study to evaluate the relationship between time and glass particulate sedimentation to examine the effect of swabbing the ampoule neck on particle generation to clarify the relationship between the inner-diameter size of an ampoule and the amount of glass particulate sedimentation to find out the effect of methods for ampule opening, and compare particle contaminat...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kawasaki Y Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Pharmacological studies on responsiveness of 5-hydroxytryptamine to overcome perioperative spasm of coronary artery bypass graft.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined 5-HT receptor subtypes responsible for the 5-HT-induced vasocontraction in the human ITA. The contractile response caused by 5-HT was mediated by activation of not only 5-HT(2A) receptors but also 5-HT(1B) receptors. We also examined the relationship between 5-HT-induced vasocontraction of the rabbit femoral artery and arteriosclerosis using the arteriosclerosis model of repeated balloon-injury. The contractile response caused by 5-HT in the femoral artery with arteriosclerosis was significantly greater than that in the normal artery. Additionally, we demonstrated that insulin induced internalization of 5-HT(2A...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tanaka N Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Organ-, region- and cell-selective gene transfer using non-viral vectors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Safety in gene therapy is an important issue since both viral and non-viral vectors have toxic side effects. Not only vectors themselves, but also distributions of produced proteins affect safety in gene therapy; thus, development of target-selective gene transfer methods is rational. We have developed organ-, region- and cell-selective gene transfer methods using non-viral vectors. To deliver foreign gene to liver parenchymal cells (hepatocytes), galactosylation of cationic liposome/plasmid DNA complex is useful strategy. Based on analyses for intrahepatic disposition characteristics and interaction with blood compone...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fumoto S Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Impact of Community Pharmacists Advocating Immunization on Influenza Vaccination Rates among the Elderly.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was carried out to investigate whether the personal advocacy of influenza vaccination by community pharmacists to people aged 65 years and above affected the vaccination rate and number of influenza patients. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with the cooperation of 84 community pharmacies in the wards of Suginami and Nerima, Tokyo. Participants were aged 65 years and above living in Suginami and Nerima wards, Tokyo, receiving dispensing services in their community pharmacies. The intervention was that pharmacists in the intervention pharmacy group provided information on the risk of influenza ...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Usami T, Hashiguchi M, Kouhara T, Ishii A, Nagata T, Mochizuki M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Statistical evaluation of influence of polymers concentration on disintegration time and diazepam release from quick disintegrating rapid release tablet.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes the formulation of rapidly disintegrating, fast dissolving diazepam tablets intended for use in the oral cavity. The tablets were prepared by the conventional wet granulation method using solid dispersion of the drug with PEG-4000 and/or PEG-6000. A 3(2) factorial design was used to reduce the number of experimental runs and to obtain several formulations by which tablets disintegrated within 3 min and released 85% of the drug in less than 30 min. Several tablet formulations prepared with different amounts of PEGs in solid dispersion met the above two criteria. However, tablets which were prepared with...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Giri TK, Sa B Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Development of clinical application for a nutritional prescription support system for total parenteral/enteral nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
One of the important roles of pharmacists as members of a nutrition support team is nutritional prescription support. We developed a nutritional prescription support system (NPSS) that facilitates prescription support and analysis and evaluated its usefulness in nutritional therapy. An NPSS for prescription support and the management of patient information was created. With this NPSS, the nutritional status was assessed, and, on the basis of the results, such variables as the total energy expenditure were calculated. This system allows prescription support for parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy, enteral nutrition (EN) t...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Masuda S, Oka R, Uwai K, Matsuda Y, Shiraishi T, Nakagawa Y, Shoji T, Mihara C, Takeshita M, Ozawa K Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Usefulness of Hybrid Small Group Learning and Age-mixing Method in Early Exposure Learning in 2006 and 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 2006 the Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University has introduced an early exposure learning into the first-year curriculum of the 6-year pharmacy education system, with the aim of "understanding of patients," "enhancing motivation to learn pharmacy," and "understanding of the roles of pharmacists in the clinical setting". This program has three approaches: "active learning", "hybrid small group learning (SGL)" and "age-mixing". The 2006 questionnaire survey on this program revealed some disadvantages, including the inability of student facilitators to get the program in perspective, due to their lack of numbers and tim...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mizuno T, Taguchi T, Kato H, Yoshimi A, Yamada S, Kato M, Yoshimura T, Ito T, Noda Y Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

The Consciousness Research and Analysis on the Directive Pharmacists Who Provide Pre-education Prior to Clinical Practice-An Effort in the College of Pharmacy Nihon University-.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For the purpose of providing a pre-education prior to clinical practice which can be reflected in clinical practices, we researched and analyzed the consciousness, requests, and etc, for pre-education prior to clinical practice of the directive pharmacists who work in a community hospital or pharmacy. We conducted questionnaire-survey which targeted for the directive pharmacists of the on-the-job trainees in the participating institutions (including 45 community hospitals and 179 community pharmacies) of the College of Pharmacy Nihon University. The average collection rate from each institution group was 55.9% (62.2% i...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Suzuki S, Koinuma M, Hidaka Y, Koike K, Nakamura H Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Application of the reconstructed rabbit corneal epithelium model to assess the in vitro eye irritancy test of chemicals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The rabbit corneal epithelium model (RCE model) was developed as a three-dimensional in vitro model to replace animal testing for the assessment of eye irritation. In the model, a stratified culture of rabbit corneal epithelial cells is grown at the air-liquid interface on collagen gel that acts as a parabasal membrane. Histological cross-sections show that the structure of the RCE model closely parallels that of the rabbit corneal epithelium. The eye irritation potency of test samples is estimated from the measurement of viability using the MTT assay in conjunction with the RCE model. A set of 30 chemicals belonging t...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Matsuda S, Hisama M, Shibayama H, Itou N, Iwaki M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

ARTCEREB((R)) Irrigation and Perfusion Solution for Cerebrospinal Surgery: Pharmacological Assessment Using Human Astrocytes Exposed to Test Solutions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ARTCEREB((R)) irrigation and perfusion solution (Artcereb) is a preparation intended for the irrigation and perfusion of the cerebral ventricles, and it is therefore important to evaluate the effects of Artcereb on brain cells. In vitro assessment of the effects of Artcereb in cell cultures of human fetal astrocytes was conducted in comparison with normal saline and lactated Ringer's solution. The effects of exposure to Artcereb were evaluated based on microscopic images of the mitochondria stained with rhodamine 123. The effects of exposure to Artcereb on cell function were also evaluated by quantitative analysis of m...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nishimura M, Doi K, Enomoto R, Lee E, Naito S, Yamauchi A Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

The Factors Related to Purchasing Over-the-counter Medications Online.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We conducted a Web-based survey of approximately 40 000 Internet users on the purchase of over-the-counter (OTC) medications online in March 2009. The valid response rate was 97.8% and the number of responses was 39 208. The number of people who had purchased OTC medications online was 4 653 (11.9%), prescription medicines 792 (2.0%), and medical contact lenses 1 993 (5.1%). As a result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, independent variables with odds ratios (ORs) >1.5 were experience of purchasing prescription-only medicine online (OR=4.997, 95%CI=4.288-5.824), regular supplement use (OR=2.384, 95%CI=2....
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kishimoto K, Yoshida T, Fukushima N Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Patient needs for consultation with pharmacists.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
More prescription drugs are dispensed by pharmacists rather than doctors in response to government healthcare reform. However, the results of our preliminary survey suggested a hypothesis that patients were not always satisfied with explanations provided by pharmacists upon dispensing, and therefore patient satisfaction might be enhanced if pharmacists spent more time on consultation services. The survey was conducted in 1,800 people. 321 people (17.8%) answered that pharmacist explanations were not sufficient or that they expected further consultation with pharmacists. The most common reason why they did not ask for c...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Someya F, Takuma H, Izumisawa M, Shiragami M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Clinical Pharmacy Practice Education in Master's Course of Meijo University in Affiliation with Medical School.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 2003, Meijo University has developed a new program to train students in master's degree in the field of clinical practice. This new curriculum has three big pillars of educational goal: Problem-Based Learning (PBL), communication skill and clinical pharmacy practice training. Before exposing students to clinical training, they must learn first how to solve various patients' problems through PBL and enhance their communication skill. To provide a clinical environment, education and training, the Faculty of Pharmacy cooperated with the School of Medicine of Fujita Health University. Master's students together with oth...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 5, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Matsuba K Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals

Analysis of Factors Governing Drug Absorption and Their Improvement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drugs have to be absorbed through various mucosal membranes including the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa to express their systemic effects. However, there are a number of factors governing mucosal absorption of drugs and, for drugs with low bioavailability, the reason for the low bioavailability should be analyzed and clarified to improve the bioavailability. This review deals with the results of our biopharmaceutical studies to analyze factors controlling drug absorption and our trials to improve the absorption, especially from the GI tract and oral cavity. PMID: 19652497 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source:...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - August 5, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kimura T Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: journals