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This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

Acceptability of digital anal cancer screening examinations in HIV‐positive homosexual men
ConclusionsRegular anal digital examinations are an acceptable and inexpensive addition to the routine care of homosexual men with HIV infection. (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - April 16, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: TRH Read, L Vodstrcil, AE Grulich, C Farmer, CS Bradshaw, MY Chen, S Tabrizi, JS Hocking, J Anderson, CK Fairley Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Long-term effectiveness of infrared coagulation for the treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 in HIV-infected men and women
Conclusion: A high prevalence of AIN was found in both HIV-infected men and HIV-infected women. Although randomized clinical trials are lacking, IRC ablation of AIN-2 and AIN-3 lesions without concomitant condylomata could help prevent anal squamous cell carcinoma. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - March 27, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Reply to Hotouras et al: Emergency transanal haemorrhoidal Doppler guided dearterialization (THD) for acute and persistent haemorrhoidal bleeding
Thank you for the opportunity you gave us to answer the stimulating questions posed by Mr Hotouras and his colleagues, and for the interest shown in our study. The patients described in the article were referred to our emergency proctology unit from their General Practitioner (outpatients) or from the hospital A&E department with a diagnosis of severe or major anal bleeding. After performing anoscopy, patients with active bleeding and/or a history of chronic bleeding, clinical or laboratory signs of anaemia and/or ongoing antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy were admitted to hospital and treated with anal tamponade fo...
Source: Colorectal Disease - January 20, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Emanuel Cavazzoni Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Dynamic forceps-assisted vaginal anoscopy for entero-recto-cystocele
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Trick of the TradePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10151-012-0905-7Authors M. Pescatori, Coloproctology Unit, Ars Medica Hospital, Rome, Italy Journal Techniques in ColoproctologyOnline ISSN 1128-045XPrint ISSN 1123-6337 (Source: Techniques in Coloproctology)
Source: Techniques in Coloproctology - November 19, 2012 Category: Surgery Tags: Techniques in Coloproctology Source Type: research

[Anal intraepithelial neoplasia.]
Abstract Anal intraepithelial lesions are caused by chronic infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus. Their incidence and prevalence are increasing, especially among patients with HIV infection. Their natural history is not well known, but high-grade intraepithelial lesions seem to have an important risk to progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Their treatment can be achieved by many ways (surgery, coagulation, imiquimod, etc.) but there is a high rate of recurrent lesions. Pretherapeutic evaluation should benefit from high-resolution anoscopy. Periodic physical examination and anal cytology may probab...
Source: Presse Medicale - October 30, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: de Parades V, Fathallah N, Barret M, Zeitoun JD, Lemarchand N, Molinié V, Weiss L Tags: Presse Med Source Type: research

Transanal single-port laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in the treatment of rectal cancer
Abstract Our objective was to report of our first experience with transanal total mesorectal excision (TME) of rectal cancer using single-port equipment, a pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedure, and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. A patient with rectal cancer was selected according to preoperative evaluation criteria. Purse-string sutures were placed into the rectum distal to the tumor using the procedure of prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) anoscope. A full-thickness incision of the rectal wall was made circumferentially below the purse string and ...
Source: Techniques in Coloproctology - August 30, 2012 Category: Surgery Tags: Techniques in Coloproctology Source Type: research

Interrater agreement of anal cytology
CONCLUSIONS:Moderate to good agreement was observed between 2 cytopathologists evaluating anal cytology samples collected from HIV‐positive MSM. A higher severity of anal cytology was associated with biomarkers of anal precancerous lesions. Anal cytology may be used for anal cancer screening in high‐risk populations, and biomarkers of HPV‐related transformation can serve as quality control for anal cytology. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;.Published 2012 by the American Cancer Society.* (Source: Cancer Cytopathology)
Source: Cancer Cytopathology - July 18, 2012 Category: Pathology Authors: Teresa M. Darragh, Diane Tokugawa, Philip E. Castle, Stephen Follansbee, Sylvia Borgonovo, Brandon J. LaMere, Lauren Schwartz, Julia C. Gage, Barbara Fetterman, Thomas Lorey, Nicolas Wentzensen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Anal human papillomavirus DNA in women at a colposcopy clinic
Conclusions: The presence of HPV genotypes is clearly multifocal in this study population of women attending a colposcopy clinic, with high concordance of genotypes. The number of anal HPV infections is high. Although cytological abnormalities are rare, the presence of HPV may lead to anal lesions later in life. From this perspective, complementary medical history and clinical examination of the anal region are advised. (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)
Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology - May 24, 2012 Category: OBGYN Authors: Kathleen W.M. D’Hauwers, Tine Cornelissen, Christophe E. Depuydt, Johannes Bogers, A. Rogier T. Donders, Elke Leuridan, Pierre Van Damme, Wiebren A.A. Tjalma Tags: Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology Source Type: research

Role of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in the Management of Anal Cancer
Conclusions: In this series, PET-CT detected the primary tumor more often than CT. Staging of perirectal/pelvic or inguinal lymph nodes was better with PET-CT. SNB was more accurate in staging inguinal lymph nodes. (Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics)
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics - May 16, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Massimiliano Mistrangelo, Ettore Pelosi, Marilena Bellò, Umberto Ricardi, Enrica Milanesi, Paola Cassoni, Massimo Baccega, Claudia Filippini, Patrizia Racca, Adriana Lesca, Fernando H. Munoz, Gianluca Fora, Andrea Skanjeti, Francesca Cravero, Mario Morin Tags: Gastrointestinal Cancers Source Type: research

A Stepwise Approach to Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for Rectal Cancer Using a Single-Incision Laparoscopic Port
We describe an alternative approach to TEM for rectal cancer. Methods We present a stepwise technique for TEM using a single-incision laparoscopic (SILS) port. The patient is a 64 year-old male with a right anterolateral rectal polyp 7 cm from the anal verge, which on snare polypectomy demonstrated in-situ carcinoma with positive margins. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated uT1 disease with no lymphadenopathy. He opted for local excision and underwent TEM. Our stepwise approach includes: (1) delineation of excision margins, (2) full thickness incision of the rectal wall, (3) circumferential disse...
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology - April 24, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Annals of Surgical Oncology Source Type: research

Use of the Ethicon EndoSurgery anoscope retractor for anorectal procedures other than stapled haemorrhoidectomy
(Source: Colorectal Disease)
Source: Colorectal Disease - March 31, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: B. N. ChaudharyF. AlamA. R. Dixon Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Evaluation of the hybrid capture 2 assay for detecting anal high‐grade dysplasia
AbstractHybrid Capture 2 (HC2) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA Test® is FDA approved and is a proven aid in detecting HPV infections of the cervix and as an aid in diagnosing, with cytology, cervical disease. A prospective feasibility study was conducted to determine if HC2 testing has utility when screening for high‐grade anal dysplasia (AIN2+). We enrolled 298 patients (45% HIV+) who had AIN2+ screening with cytology, histology and HC2 testing for two specimens: a swab into liquid‐based cytology medium and either a swab or a brush collection in specimen transport medium (STM). High‐resolution anoscopy was performed...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - March 13, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stephen E. Goldstone, Brian Lowe, Thomas Rothmann, Irina Nazarenko Tags: Early Detection and Diagnosis Source Type: research

Faecaloma in ano.
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic fissures may be complicated by sepsis and, rarely, a 'fissure fistula' may develop. We suspect that this was the underlying pathogenesis of this 'faecaloma in ano'. The term faecaloma in ano befits the clinical picture. PMID: 22391354 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England)
Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England - March 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Jalil O, Jones H, Stephenson BM, Williams GL Tags: Ann R Coll Surg Engl Source Type: research

Early Detection of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in High-Risk Patients.
Abstract The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma has increased alarmingly, particularly in high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men and immunosuppressed patients. Infection with an oncogenic strain of the human papillomavirus in the anal canal or perianal skin leads to anal intraepithelial neoplasias (AIN), progressive dysplastic intraepithelial lesions that are the precursors of anal squamous cell carcinoma. AIN can be diagnosed through cytological screening and biopsy guided by high-resolution anoscopy and can be treated using a range of procedures in an effort to prevent progression to invasive a...
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas - February 14, 2012 Category: Dermatology Authors: Sendagorta E, Herranz P, Guadalajara H, Zamora FX Tags: Actas Dermosifiliogr Source Type: research

The Ethicon EndoSurgery anoscope retractor for anorectal procedures other than stapled haemorrhoidectomy.
(Source: Colorectal Disease)
Source: Colorectal Disease - January 20, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: BN ChaudharyF AlamAR Dixon Source Type: research

Human papillomavirus oncogene mRNA testing for the detection of anal dysplasia in HIV-positive men who have sex with men
Conclusion: Compared to HR-HPV-DNA detection, E6/E7-mRNA testing has an increased specificity (approximately two-fold), similar sensitivity and higher NPV and PPV for the detection of low- and high-grade anal dysplasia in HIV+MSM. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - January 20, 2012 Category: Virology Authors: Steffi Silling, Alexander Kreuter, Martin Hellmich, Jochen Swoboda, Herbert Pfister, Ulrike Wieland Tags: Full length articles Source Type: research

Evaluation of the hybrid capture 2 assay for detecting anal high‐grade dysplasia
AbstractHybrid‐Capture 2 HPV DNA Test® (HC2) is FDA‐ approved and is a proven aid in detecting HPV infections of the cervix and as an aid in diagnosing, with cytology, cervical disease. A prospective feasibility study was conducted to determine if HC2 testing has utility when screening for high‐grade anal dysplasia (AIN2+). We enrolled 298 patients (45% HIV+) who had AIN2+ screening with cytology, histology and HC2 testing for two specimens: a swab into liquid‐based cytology medium and either a swab or brush collection in Specimen Transport Medium (STM). High‐resolution anoscopy was performed on all patients; wi...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - January 10, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stephen E. GoldstoneBrian LoweThomas RothmannIrina Nazarenko Tags: Early Detection and Diagnosis Source Type: research

Review of Screening Guidelines for Non-AIDS-Defining Malignancies: Evolving Issues in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.
Abstract HIV-associated morbidity and mortality have declined dramatically in the era of HAART. Through direct and indirect benefits of HAART, people with HIV/AIDS are living longer, developing less AIDS-defining cancers and more cancers commonly seen in the seronegative population. Herein, we review cancer screening strategies for people living with HIV and compare and contrast them with those of the general population. The most noticeable differences occur in anal and cervical cancer screening. Although anal cancer is uncommon in the general population, it is more prevalent in men who have sex with men and people...
Source: AIDS Reviews - January 1, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tyerman Z, Aboulafia DM Tags: AIDS Rev Source Type: research

Partial stapled hemorrhoidopexy: a minimally invasive technique for hemorrhoids
Conclusions Partial stapled hemorrhoidopexy appears to be a safe and effective technique for grade III–IV hemorrhoids. Encouragingly, PSH is associated with mild postoperative pain, few urgency episodes, and no stenosis or anal incontinence. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00595-011-0085-5Authors Hong-Cheng Lin, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Guangzhou, 510655 People’s Republic of ChinaQiu-Lan He, Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun...
Source: Surgery Today - December 7, 2011 Category: Surgery Tags: Surgery Today Source Type: research

Elements of an Anal Dysplasia Screening Program
This article discusses the procedures for anal cancer screening including cytology, digital anal rectal examinations, high-resolution anoscopy, and biopsy. (Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care)
Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care - November 1, 2011 Category: Nursing Authors: Naomi Jay Tags: Features Source Type: research

A Conversation With High-Resolution Anoscopists: Perspectives From Nurse Practitioner Experts
Recent data suggest that persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at significantly greater risk of developing anal cancer than the general population (). The development of anal cancer is associated with infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) (). HPV causes dysregulation at the cellular level in the anal canal leading to dysplastic changes, referred to as anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), or anal dysplasia (). It is hypothesized that identification of anal dysplasia and treatment of dysplastic lesions can reduce the occurrence of anal cancer; however, definitive data are still pending. (Source: Journal of the Association...
Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care - November 1, 2011 Category: Nursing Authors: Jeffrey Kwong Tags: Interview Source Type: research

Keratosis Reduces Sensitivity of Anal Cytology in Detecting Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia.
CONCLUSION: Keratosis reduces the sensitivity of anal cytology. Furthermore, anal cytology poorly correlates with anoscopy in the detection of AIN (κ statistic = -0.0213). PMID: 22019527 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)
Source: Gynecologic Oncology - October 19, 2011 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Elnaggar AC, Santoso JT, Xie HB Tags: Gynecol Oncol Source Type: research

Breast cancer metastatic to the rectum: a case report
Conclusions Rectal metastasis from breast cancer is very rare. The presented case emphasizes the need to keep in mind this possibility and at all times associate the emergency condition with the related history of breast cancer. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10151-011-0740-2Authors C. Efthimiadis, Department of Surgery, Interbalkan European Medical Center, Asklipiou 10, Pilea, Thessaloniki, GreeceC. Kosmidis, Department of Surgery, Interbalkan European Medical Center, Asklipiou 10, Pilea, Thessaloniki, GreeceP. Fotiadis, Department of Surgery, Interbalkan European Medical Center, ...
Source: Techniques in Coloproctology - September 12, 2011 Category: Surgery Tags: Techniques in Coloproctology Source Type: research

High Resolution Anoscopy in a Recurrent Perianal Giant Condyloma Acuminata After Renal Transplantation: Case Report
(Source: Colorectal Disease)
Source: Colorectal Disease - September 12, 2011 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Gulum AltacaEbru Demiralay Source Type: research

Early Detection of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in High-Risk Patients.
The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma has increased alarmingly, particularly in high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men and immunosuppressed patients. Infection with an oncogenic strain of the human papillomavirus in the anal canal or perianal skin leads to anal intraepithelial neoplasias (AIN), progressive dysplastic intraepithelial lesions that are the precursors of anal squamous cell carcinoma. AIN can be diagnosed through cytological screening and biopsy guided by high-resolution anoscopy and can be treated using a range of procedures in an effort to prevent progression to invasive anal carcinoma...
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas - July 14, 2011 Category: Dermatology Authors: Sendagorta E, Herranz P, Guadalajara H, Zamora FX Tags: Actas Dermosifiliogr Source Type: research

Hiding Intersphincteric and Transphincteric Sepsis in a Novel Pathological Approach to Chronic Anal Fissure.
Conclusion. The authors assume that chronic fissures may persist because of hiding sepsis in the anal canal and that chronic anal fissure might be the clinical and pathological expression of a coexisting intersphincteric or low transphincteric fistula, and the ultrasonographic findings strongly support this theory. PMID: 21742658 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Surgical Innovation)
Source: Surgical Innovation - July 6, 2011 Category: Surgery Authors: Naldini G, Cerullo G, Mascagni D, Orlandi S, Menconi C, Zeri K, Felli E, Martellucci J Tags: Surg Innov Source Type: research

The value of high-resolution anoscopy in the diagnosis of anal cancer precursor lesions in hiv-positive patients
CONCLUSION: High-resolution anoscopy demonstrated to be a sensitive, but not specific test for the detection of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. Risk factors anal receptive sex and anal HPV infection were significantly associated to the presence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. Based on high-resolution anoscopy image data, acetowhite lesions relief and surface pattern were prone to distinguish between low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.CONTEXTO: O câncer anal, muito embora ainda seja uma doença rara, vem sendo observado com frequência ascendente em a...
Source: Arquivos de Gastroenterologia - June 22, 2011 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Agraffectomy after low rectal stapling procedures for hemorrhoids and rectocele
Conclusions There is no clear evidence that agraffectomy is indicated if not in case of rectal stenosis and hemorrhage caused by the staples. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10151-011-0704-6Authors S. Petersen, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Altona, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 1, 22763 Hamburg, GermanyJ. Jongen, Department of Coloproctology, Park Hospital Kiel, Kiel, GermanyW. Schwenk, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Altona, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 1, 22763 Hamburg, Germany Journal Techniques in ColoproctologyOnline ISSN 1128-045XPr...
Source: Techniques in Coloproctology - June 21, 2011 Category: Surgery Tags: Techniques in Coloproctology Source Type: research

Initial Experience with Topical Fluorouracil for Treatment of HIV-Associated Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Exposure to high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) promotes cellular dysplasia of the anal canal epithelium, potentially leading to anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), which is in turn a precursor to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). People with HIV infection who engage in anoreceptive intercourse are at heightened risk for acquiring HPV, AIN, and SCCA. Although intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is commonly used for treatment of invasive SCCA, there has been little experience with the use of topical 5-FU as therapy for AIN. We retrospectively reviewed records of the first 11 HIV-positive patie...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 23, 2011 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Snyder, S. M., Siekas, L., Aboulafia, D. M. Tags: HIV Clinical Management Source Type: research

Association between genital intraepithelial lesions and anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-negative women
Conclusion: There seems to be a strong association between ASIL and multicentric GSIL. Another factor related to ASIL was the practice of unprotected anal intercourse. (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology - March 16, 2011 Category: OBGYN Authors: Cláudia M.A. Jacyntho, Paulo C. Giraldo, Antônio A. Horta, Rosana Grandelle, Ana K. Gonçalves, Thaís Fonseca, José Eleutério Tags: General Gynecology Source Type: research

Cost-effectiveness of screening for anal precancers in HIV-positive men
Conclusion: In HIV-infected MSM, the direct use of HRA is the most cost-effective strategy for detecting AIN 2/3. The higher cost per use for HRA was offset by the high sensitivity and low specificity of HPV and cytology testing. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - March 13, 2011 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Condylomata
Anal human papilloma virus (HPV) infection causes significant pathology, including condylomata as well as low- and high-grade anal intraepithelial lesions, the precursors of invasive cancer. Men who have sex with men, women with concomitant high-grade cervical/vulvar disease, and immunocompromised patients are particularly vulnerable. The incidence of anal cancer is increasing in men and women, but human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients regardless of immune reconstitution are at greatest risk. A critical review of the literature and evidence-based, comparative analysis and discussion of treatment modalities for ana...
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - February 28, 2011 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Michael M. Gaisa, Stephen E. Goldstone Tags: Advances in Anorectal Surgery Source Type: research

Performance of p16INK4a immunocytochemistry as a marker of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions
CONCLUSIONS:There was no association between ICCp16 results and histopathological findings nor between ICCp16 and HPV genotyping. ICCp16 showed poor sensitivity and moderate specificity for the diagnosis of ASIL or high‐risk HPV. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer Cytopathology)
Source: Cancer Cytopathology - February 24, 2011 Category: Pathology Authors: Ivan Tramujas da Costa e SilvaMichelle Coelho RibeiroFelicidad Santos GimenezJunia Raquel Dutra FerreiraRenata Silva GalvaoPaula Emanuelle Vasco HargreavesAdriana Gonçalves Daumas Pinheiro GuimaraesLuiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Anal cancer precursor lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients seen at a tertiary health institution in Brazil.
Conclusions: In the patients studied, ASIL (low and/or high-grade) tended to be significantly more prevalent in HIV-positive patients. Nonetheless, HIV-negative anoreceptive patients also presented great probability to have anal cancer precursor lesions, mainly those of the male gender. PMID: 21271206 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)
Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira - January 31, 2011 Category: Surgery Authors: Silva IT, Araújo Jde R, Andrade RV, Cabral CR, Gimenez FS, Guimarães AG, Martins TC, Lopes LR, Ferreira LC Tags: Acta Cir Bras Source Type: research

Rectal bleeding due to leech bite: a case report.
We present herein a case with a four-day history of fresh rectal bleeding due to leech bite. The cause was found to be a leech in the rectum by anoscope. This pathological condition is extremely rare in urban areas. Leech endoparasitism, although rare, may cause serious, even lethal, complications. Suspicion of leech infestation should be kept in mind when faced with intermittent or severe rectal bleeding in humans, and should be investigated surgically as with all other foreign bodies. In the current study, we present a patient who admitted with rectal bleeding due to leech bite. The leech was removed by hand examination ...
Source: Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : TJTES - December 31, 2010 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Al B, Yenen ME, Aldemir M Tags: Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg Source Type: research

Anal cancer and cervical cancer screening: Key differences
This article provides an overview of anal cancer screening while highlighting its differences from cervical cancer screening and the remaining obstacles and controversies to implementation of a successful anal cancer screening program. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer Cytopathology)
Source: Cancer Cytopathology - December 19, 2010 Category: Pathology Authors: Teresa M. DarraghBarbara Winkler Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Endoanal Ultrasound: Staging and Follow-Up of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the anal canal. Accurate staging is important, both in selecting among treatment modalities and in predicting a patient's response, local recurrence, and survival. The traditional anal cancer tumor-nodes-metastases staging system is defined solely by tumor diameter, as determined via digital and anoscopic examination. As a result, a movement has emerged toward the use of endoanal ultrasound (EAUS). The data to suggest the advantages of anal canal cancer staging via the use of depth of penetration are fairly robust. Many studies, including a large multicenter prospect...
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - November 27, 2010 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: H. Salinas, L. Bordeianou Tags: Endorectal Ultrasound Source Type: research

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of the use of imiquimod cream for the treatment of anal canal high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive MSM on HAART, with long-term follow-up data including the use of open-label imiquimod
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of imiquimod for the treatment of ACIN, and the benefit of prolonged or repeated treatments. This form of therapy is likely to be especially valuable for patients with widespread multifocal ACIN who are otherwise difficult to treat, and should be considered as an adjunct to ablative therapy. (C) 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - September 24, 2010 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women With Genital Intraepithelial Neoplasia.
CONCLUSION:: Patients with cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia have 12.2% prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and should be screened with high-resolution anoscopy. In anal intraepithelial neoplasia screening, anoscopy is more sensitive but less specific than anal cytology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: II. PMID: 20733438 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - August 27, 2010 Category: OBGYN Authors: Santoso JT, Long M, Crigger M, Wan JY, Haefner HK Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Topical 5‐fluorouracil treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive men
Conclusions A substantial proportion of HIV‐positive MSM with AIN completely cleared their lesions with topical 5‐FU treatment. In those with partial response, pretreatment with topical 5‐FU might facilitate subsequent ablative therapy. (Source: British Journal of Dermatology)
Source: British Journal of Dermatology - August 11, 2010 Category: Dermatology Authors: O. RichelU. WielandH.J.C. De VriesN.H. BrockmeyerC. Van NoeselA. PotthoffJ.M. PrinsA. Kreuter Source Type: research

Topical 5-fluorouracil treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive men.
Conclusions A substantial proportion of HIV-positive MSM with AIN completely cleared their lesions with topical 5-FU treatment. In those with partial response, pre-treatment with topical 5-FU might facilitate subsequent ablative therapy. PMID: 20716208 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)
Source: The British Journal of Dermatology - August 11, 2010 Category: Dermatology Authors: Richel O, Wieland U, de Vries HJ, Brockmeyer NH, van Noesel C, Potthoff A, Prins JM, Kreuter A Tags: Br J Dermatol Source Type: research

The Ferguson Operating Anoscope as a minimally invasive option for the treatment of rectal tumors.
Transanal excision of rectal tumors may be performed using the Ferguson Operating Anoscope (FOA). This retrospective case series evaluates the effectiveness of FOA for the excision of selected benign and malignant rectal tumors. The office records of 97 patients with rectal tumors who underwent FOA transanal excision by a single surgeon from 1999 through 2009 were reviewed. In the 97 patients evaluated, 99 FOA transanal excisions were performed for 39 adenocarcinomas, 55 benign tumors, and five carcinoid tumors. The tumors were 0.5 to 13.5 cm in diameter and located an average of 6.9 cm (range, 1 to 15 cm) from the ana...
Source: The American Surgeon - July 31, 2010 Category: Surgery Authors: Stanley JD, Bell C, Hinkle N, Moore RA, Burns RP Tags: Am Surg Source Type: research

Sigmoidoscope and anoscope warning issued
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency has issued a warning over sigmoidoscope and anoscope systems and accessories manufactured by Welch Allyn Limited. (Source: Nursing Times Breaking News)
Source: Nursing Times Breaking News - July 25, 2010 Category: Nursing Source Type: news

High-Res Anoscopy Best for Detecting High-Grade Anal Dysplasia in HIV+ Men
High-grade anal dysplasia is prevalent in HIV-positive gay men and high-resolution anoscopy is the best way to detect it, clinicians from Canada have found. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Hematology-Oncology Headlines)
Source: Medscape Hematology-Oncology Headlines - May 20, 2010 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: HIV/AIDS News Source Type: news

Evaluation and Management of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men
Abstract The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated anal cancer in men who have sex with men (MSM) is striking and has not been mitigated by the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Detection and treatment of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) may reduce the incidence of anal cancer. Anal cytology is a useful tool to detect HGAIN; annual screening of HIV-positive MSM and biennial screening of HIV-negative MSM appears to be cost-effective. MSM with abnormal cytology should be referred for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy. Individuals with HGAIN should receive treatment;...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - February 24, 2010 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Infectious Disease Reports Source Type: research

Anal carcinoma in HIV-positive men: results of a prospective study from Germany.
Conclusions Anal carcinoma and AIN are frequent in HIV-positive men, even in patients participating in anal cancer prevention programs. High-grade dysplasia in these patients can progress to invasive cancer within a short period of time. Anal margin carcinoma and anal canal carcinoma substantially differ in their lesional HPV-spectrum, prognosis, and treatment response. PMID: 20184584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)
Source: The British Journal of Dermatology - February 21, 2010 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kreuter A, Potthoff A, Brockmeyer NH, Gambichler T, Swoboda J, Stücker M, Schmitt M, Pfister H, Wieland U Tags: Br J Dermatol Source Type: research

A dedicated applicator for light delivery and monitoring of PDT of intra-anal intraepithelial neoplasia
The objective of this study was to develop an applicator for delivery of light and monitoring of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the anal cavity for treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (AIN III), which can progress to invasive anal cancer.Forty-eight hours before treatment, patients participating in the study were injected with 0.03 (n=2) or 0.075 (n=2)mgkg−1 m-THPC. For light delivery and monitoring of PDT, an applicator based on standard anoscopy equipment was developed which facilitates, in addition to a light treatment fiber, fiber optic probes to monitor blood saturation, blood volume, fluorescence a...
Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy - February 21, 2010 Category: Laser Surgery Authors: Bastiaan Kruijt, Eric M. van der Snoek, Henricus J.C.M. Sterenborg, Arjen Amelink, Dominic J. Robinson Tags: Article Source Type: research

Anal carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men: results of a prospective study from Germany
Conclusions Anal carcinoma and AIN are frequent in HIV-positive men, even in patients participating in anal cancer prevention programmes. High-grade dysplasia in these patients can progress to invasive cancer within a short period of time. Anal margin carcinoma and anal canal carcinoma differ substantially in their lesional HPV spectrum, prognosis and treatment response. (Source: British Journal of Dermatology)
Source: British Journal of Dermatology - February 21, 2010 Category: Dermatology Authors: A. Kreuter, A. Potthoff, N.H. Brockmeyer, T. Gambichler, J. Swoboda, M. Stücker, M. Schmitt, H. Pfister, U. Wieland Source Type: research

Rectal duplication in an infant
A 5-month-old girl presented to the emergency room with the parents' concern of anal swelling, grunting on defecation, and possible stool coming from the vagina. On rectal examination, her sphincter tone was poor and a tubular structure was palpable along the anterior rectal wall. Computed tomography of the pelvis revealed an elongated, tubular structure anterior to the rectum, running superiorly up to the level of the sigmoid colon. The child was then taken to the operating room for a thorough examination under anesthesia. Cystoscopy and vaginoscopy revealed a normal bladder, vagina, and cervical opening. No rectovaginal ...
Source: Surgery - December 3, 2009 Category: Surgery Authors: Derek Wakeman, Lucas A. McDuffie, Brad W. Warner Tags: Images in Surgery Source Type: research