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In vitro biological effects of two anti-diabetic medicinal plants used in Benin as folk medicine
Conclusion: The results showed that the semi alcoholic extract of the two studied plants possess alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, antioxidant potency, and low antibacterial effect. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - March 1, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Fifa BothonEric DebitonFelicien AvlessiChristiane ForestierJean-Claude TeuladeDominique Sohounhloue Source Type: research

The Candida glabrata sterol scavenging mechanism, mediated by the ATP‐binding cassette transporter Aus1p, is regulated by iron limitation
Summary During disseminated infection by the opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata, uptake of sterols such as serum cholesterol may play a significant role during pathogenesis. The ATP‐binding cassette transporter Aus1p is thought to function as a sterol importer and in this study, we show that uptake of exogenous sterols occurred under anaerobic conditions in wild type cells of C. glabrata but not in AUS1‐deleted mutant (aus1Δ) cells. In aerobic cultures, growth inhibition by fluconazole was prevented in the presence of serum, and AUS1 expression was up‐regulated. Uptake of sterol by azole treated cells required ...
Source: Molecular Microbiology - February 28, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Minoru Nagi, Koichi Tanabe, Keigo Ueno, Hironobu Nakayama, Toshihiro Aoyama, Hiroji Chibana, Satoshi Yamagoe, Takashi Umeyama, Takahiro Oura, Hideaki Ohno, Susumu Kajiwara, Yoshitsugu Miyazaki Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Structural and Dynamic Features of Candida rugosa Lipase 1 in Water, Octane, Toluene, and Ionic Liquids BMIM-PF6 and BMIM-NO3
The Journal of Physical Chemistry BDOI: 10.1021/jp312299d (Source: Journal of Physical Chemistry B)
Source: Journal of Physical Chemistry B - February 27, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Patrick R. Burney and Jim Pfaendtner Source Type: research

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330
The NAD(P)H-dependent carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330 catalyses the asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-phenyl-2-oxobutanoate to ethyl (R)-4-phenyl-2-hydroxybutanoate, a precursor of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors such as Cilazapril and Benazepril. The carbonyl reductase was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GST-affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Crystals were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method and diffracted to 1.86 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contained two molecules of carbonyl reductase, with a solvent content of 48%. The structure was solved b...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 27, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Aggarwal, N.Mandal, P.K.Gautham, N.Chadha, A. Tags: carbonyl reductase alcohol dehydrogenase enantioselectivity Candida parapsilosis crystallization communications Source Type: research

Is There a Diet for “Yeast Allergy”?
THERE ARE OVER 20 SPECIES OF Candida that can cause a fungal infection or candidiasis in humans. The most common species, Candida albicans commonly resides on the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, vagina, and other moist, warm, and dark areas of the body. Candida is often called yeast, but it is a dimorphic fungus, meaning that it grows as a yeast form in a carbohydrate media and forms hyphae (strands) when the medium is low in nutrients. For this reason, Candida is also referred to as a psuedoyeast. Candida is a typical inhabitant of the body's resident microflora, but under certain circumstances it can become infective. (So...
Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association - February 26, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Eleese Cunningham Tags: Question of the Month Source Type: research

Ricinus communis treatment of denture stomatitis in institutionalised elderly
This study compared the effectiveness of Ricinus communis (RC) with Nystatin (NYS) and Miconazole (MIC) in the treatment of institutionalised elderly with denture stomatitis (DS). They (n = 30) were randomly distributed into three groups: MIC, NYS or RC. Clinical and mycological evaluations were performed prior to the use of the antifungal (baseline) and repeated after 15 and 30 days of treatment. The sample was clinically examined for oral mucosal conditions. Standard photographs were taken of the palate, and the oral candidiasis was classified (Newton's criteria). Mycological investigation was performed by swabbing th...
Source: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation - February 26, 2013 Category: Dentistry Authors: L. A. P. Pinelli, A. A. B. Montandon, S. C. T. Corbi, T. A. Moraes, L. M. G. Fais Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Invasive fungal infections in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia
This study describes risk factors for IFI and IFI‐related sepsis in this population. We conducted a population‐based, retrospective cohort study of children with AML in Canada. IFIs during chemotherapy and prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, relapse, persistent disease or death were identified. Risk factors for proven or probable IFI were examined. Among courses complicated by IFI, risk factors for sepsis were also evaluated. There were 341 children with AML included of which 41 (12.0%) experienced 46 different episodes of IFI. Candida species accounted for 23 (50.0%) of IFIs and Aspergillus spp. account...
Source: Mycoses - February 26, 2013 Category: Research Authors: D. L. Johnston, V. Lewis, R. Yanofsky, B. Gillmeister, M. C. Ethier, D. Mitchell, S. Cellot, D. Dix, C. Portwine, V. Price, M. Silva, S. Zelcer, B. Michon, L. Bowes, K. Stobart, J. Brossard, J. Beyene, L. Sung Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Candida albicans Endocarditis with Giant Vegetation from an Implantable Cardioverter–Defribrillator Lead
Surgical Infections , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Surgical Infections)
Source: Surgical Infections - February 25, 2013 Category: Surgery Tags: article Source Type: research

Endophthalmitis
Abstract Endophthalmitis means bacterial or fungal infection inside the eye involving the vitreous and/or aqueous humors. Most cases are exogenous and occur after eye surgery, after penetrating ocular trauma, or as an extension of corneal infection. An increasing number of cases are occurring after intravitreal injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medications. Endophthalmitis may also be endogenous, arising from bacteraemic or fungaemic seeding of the eye. The infected eye never serves as a source of bacteraemia or fungaemia, however. The most common pathogens in endophthalmitis vary by category. ...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - February 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: M. L. Durand Tags: Review Source Type: research

Antimicrobial activity of pure platelet-rich plasma against microorganisms isolated from oral cavity
Conclusions: P-PRP is a potentially useful substance in the fight against postoperative infections. This might represent a valuable property in adjunct to the enhancement of tissue regeneration. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles - February 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lorenzo DragoMonica BortolinChristian VassenaSilvio TaschieriMassimo Del Fabbro Source Type: research

Efficient neocentromere formation is suppressed by gene conversion to maintain centromere function at native physical chromosomal loci in Candida albicans [RESEARCH]
CENPA/Cse4 assembles centromeric chromatin on diverse DNA. CENPA chromatin is epigenetically propagated on unique and different centromere DNA sequences in a pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Formation of neocentromeres on DNA, nonhomologous to native centromeres, indicates a role of non-DNA sequence determinants in CENPA deposition. Neocentromeres have been shown to form at multiple loci in C. albicans when a native centromere was deleted. However, the process of site selection for CENPA deposition on native or neocentromeres in the absence of defined DNA sequences remains elusive. By systematic deletion of CENPA chromat...
Source: Genome Research - February 25, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Thakur, J., Sanyal, K. Tags: RESEARCH Source Type: research

Sterility testing of apheresis hematopoietic progenitor cell products using an automated blood culture system.
CONCLUSION: Compared to culture, 16S rRNA gene amplification of HPCs does not improve sensitivity or turnaround time for HPC sterility testing. The VersaTREK system is a reliable tool for detecting microbial contamination of apheresis HPC products with a limit of detection of less than or equal to 10 CFUs/mL. Inclusion of both the aerobic and the anaerobic culture bottles achieves the shortest TTP for all species tested. PMID: 23438051 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transfusion)
Source: Transfusion - February 25, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Liu C, Weber C, Sempek DS, Grossman BJ, Burnham CA Tags: Transfusion Source Type: research

Fungal cell wall organization and biosynthesis.
Abstract The composition and organization of the cell walls from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Neurospora crassa, and Cryptococcus neoformans are compared and contrasted. These cell walls contain chitin, chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, β-1,6-glucan, mixed β-1,3-/β-1,4-glucan, α-1,3-glucan, melanin, and glycoproteins as major constituents. A comparison of these cell walls shows that there is a great deal of variability in fungal cell wall composition and organization. However, in all cases, the cell wall components are cross-linked together to generate a c...
Source: Advances in Genetics - February 23, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Free SJ Tags: Adv Genet Source Type: research

Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis isolates in Ceará, Brazil
CONCLUSION: The strains were identified as C. parapsilosis by phenotypic tests and confirmed by molecular tests. As to the sensitivity profile, the strains were sensitive to the antifungal agents, hence resistance is still a rare phenomenon among C. parapsilosis isolates in Ceará. (Source: Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial)
Source: Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial - February 23, 2013 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

A rare case of Candida Parapsilosis Endocarditis in a young healthy woman -- case report
Conclusion: After a prolonged period of treatment she was successfully cured, and she received a long-term intermittent suppressive fluconasole therapy for the time being. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery - February 22, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Mijomir Pelemi¿Goran Stevanovi¿Lidija Lavadinovi¿Sne¿ana Mati¿Ivana Milo¿evi¿Milo¿ Kora¿Svetislav Pelemi¿Milan Nedeljkovi¿Milica Prostran Source Type: research

Senegalin: a novel antimicrobial/myotropic hexadecapeptide from the skin secretion of the African running frog, Kassina senegalensis.
Abstract Amphibian skin is a rich and unique source of novel bioactive peptides most of which are endowed with either antimicrobial or pharmacological properties. Here, we report the identification and structural characterization of a novel peptide, named senegalin, which possesses both activities. Senegalin is a hexadecapeptide amide (FLPFLIPALTSLISSL-NH(2)) of unique primary structure found in the skin secretion of the African running frog, Kassina senegalensis. The structure of the biosynthetic precursor of senegalin, deduced from cloned skin cDNA, consists of 76 amino acid residues and displays the typical doma...
Source: Amino Acids - February 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang H, Li R, Xi X, Meng T, Zhou M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Chen T, Shaw C Tags: Amino Acids Source Type: research

Evaluation of the Overall Crystalline Quality of Amorphous Carbon Containing Multiwalled Nanotubes
The Journal of Physical Chemistry CDOI: 10.1021/jp310014w (Source: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C)
Source: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C - February 20, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Saveria Santangelo, Maurizio Lanza and Candida Milone Source Type: research

Liposomal amphotericin B displays rapid dose dependant activity against Candida albicans biofilms.
This study has implications for considering the effective doses of antifungal agents used for catheter lock therapy. PMID: 23422915 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - February 19, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ramage G, Jose A, Sherry L, Lappin DF, Jones B, Williams C Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Topical nystatin prophylaxis: a likely viable measure for reducing impact of candidemia in neurosurgical patients with early tracheostomy intubation
Oral and tracheostomy site brushing with topical nystatin could be a usefull prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of Candida spp. bloodstream infection in neurosurgical ICU patients that underwent to early tracheostomy intubation. (Source: BioMed Central)
Source: BioMed Central - February 18, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Giancarlo CeccarelliSimone GiulianoMarco FalconeMario Venditti Source Type: research

Topical nystatin prophylaxis: a likely viable measure for reducing impact of candidaemia in neurosurgical patient with early tracheostomy intubation.
Oral and tracheostomy site brushing with topical nystatin could be a usefull prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of Candida spp. bloodstream infection in neurosurgical ICU patients that underwent to early tracheostomy intubation. (Source: Critical Care)
Source: Critical Care - February 18, 2013 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Giancarlo CeccarelliSimone GiulianoMarco FalconeMario Venditti Source Type: research

The pictorial atlas of common genito-urinary medicine
The words ‘Pictorial Atlas’ in this book's title had me eagerly anticipating its arrival and it does indeed feature pictures on almost every page. The author built up a collection of photographs during his 30 years of working in genitourinary medicine (GUM) in the UK and Saudi Arabia and describes the book as a ‘pictorial supplement’ to standard works on GUM. The first chapter summarises the anatomy and function of the genitalia and reproductive organs. Although generally concise and clear, a little more 'applied' anatomy might have been helpful such as the landmarks for a bimanual examination....
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections - February 18, 2013 Category: Sexual Medicine Authors: Redfern, B. Tags: Miscellaneous Source Type: research

How to treat persistent vaginal yeast infection due to species other than Candida albicans
This article suggests a stepwise approach to treatment using the best current evidence and the clinical experience of the authors and focuses on C glabrata since this species is responsible for the majority of cases. Other species and indeed other genera such as Saccharomyces... (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections - February 18, 2013 Category: Sexual Medicine Authors: Davies, S., Johnson, E., White, D. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Candidiasis, HIV / AIDS, HIV infections, Vulvovaginal disorders Education Source Type: research

Assessment of Activities and Conformation of Lipases Treated with Sub- and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Abstract In order to illustrate the underlining mechanism of the effect of high pressure on lipases from different resources, the influence of compressed carbon dioxide treatment on the esterification activities and conformation of the three lipases Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, and Rhizopus oryzae lipase was investigated in the present work. The results showed that the lipases activities were significantly enhanced in most of high-pressure treatments, except the pressure had a negative effect on CRL activity in supercritical condition. Mild depressurization rate could remain the lipa...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - February 17, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chen D, Peng C, Zhang H, Yan Y Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: research

Biomarker responses reveal that food quality affects cadmium exposure in the soil collembolan Folsomia candida.
This study evaluated the effects of food quality on cadmium exposure in the soil collembolan Folsomia candida. Animals were exposed to constant concentrations of cadmium for 38 h via artificial food consisting of an agar medium with various concentrations of sugar (glucose), total nutrients (baker's yeast), or fungal odour (1-octen-3-ol). The expression of the gene encoding a deduced metallothionein-like motif containing protein was used as a biomarker of cadmium exposure. Glucose concentrations of 2% or higher reduced the expression levels of the biomarker. Within the range of 0.1-8% yeast, medium concentrations led to h...
Source: Environmental Pollution - February 16, 2013 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Nakamori T, Kaneko N Tags: Environ Pollut Source Type: research

Characterization of the recognition of Candida species by mannose-binding lectin using surface plasmon resonance
, 2013, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C3AN36670G, PaperSebastien Damiens, Pierre-Marie Danze, Anne-Sophie Drucbert, Laura Choteau, Thierry Jouault, Daniel Poulain, Boualem SendidThe interaction of mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) with Candida albicans has been analyzed previously by microscopy and flow cytometry. We recently demonstrated that serum MBL levels vary during infection with Candida...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Analyst latest articles)
Source: RSC - Analyst latest articles - February 15, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sebastien Damiens Source Type: research

SYFUNGIN (Candida Parapsilosis) Tablet [Syntrion GmbH]
Updated Date: Feb 15, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - February 15, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

SYGEST COMPLEX (Candida Parapsilosis And Penicillium Glabrum) Tablet [Syntrion GmbH]
Updated Date: Feb 15, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - February 15, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Effect of heterologous xylose transporter expression in Candida tropicalis on xylitol production rate.
In this study, a heterologous xylose transporter gene (At5g17010) from Arabidopsis thaliana was selected because of its high affinity for xylose and was codon-optimized for functional expression in C. tropicalis. The codon-optimized gene was placed under the control of the GAPDH promoter and was integrated into the genome of C. tropicalis strain LXU1 which is xyl2-disrupted and NXRG (codon-optimized Neurospora crassa xylose reductase) introduced. The xylose uptake rate was increased by 37-73 % in the transporter expression-enhanced strains depending on the glucose/xylose mixture ratio. The recombinant strain LXT2 in 500-m...
Source: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - February 15, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Jeon WY, Shim WY, Lee SH, Choi JH, Kim JH Tags: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Source Type: research

CANDIDA YEAST REAL RELIEF (Baptisia Tinctoria, Bryonia, Echinacea Angustifolia, Thuja Occidentalis, Viscum Album) Tablet, Chewable [HOMEOLAB USA INC]
Updated Date: Feb 14, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - February 14, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Medusins: A new class of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of phyllomedusine frogs.
Abstract Natural drug discovery represents an area of research with vast potential. The investigation into the use of naturally-occurring peptides as potential therapeutic agents provides a new "chemical space" for the procurement of drug leads. Intensive and systematic studies on the broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides found in amphibian skin secretions are of particular interest in the quest for new antibiotics to treat multiple drug-resistant bacterial infections. Here we report the molecular cloning of the biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNAs and respective mature peptides representing a novel group of antim...
Source: Biochimie - February 14, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xi X, Li R, Jiang Y, Lin Y, Wu Y, Zhou M, Xu J, Wang L, Chen T, Shaw C Tags: Biochimie Source Type: research

Hierarchical meso-macroporous silica grafted with glyoxyl groups: opportunities for covalent immobilization of enzymes.
Abstract Hierarchical meso-macroporous silica (average mesopore diameter 20nm) was synthesized and chemically modified to be used as a support for the immobilization of lipases from Candida antarctica B and Alcaligenes sp. and β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans and Aspergillus oryzae. Catalytic activities and thermal stabilities of enzymes immobilized by multipoint covalent attachment in silica derivatized with glyoxyl groups were compared with those immobilized in glyoxyl-agarose, assessing biocatalyst performance under non-reactive conditions in aqueous medium. In the case of A. oryzae β-galactosidase and...
Source: New Biotechnology - February 14, 2013 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bernal C, Urrutia P, Illanes A, Wilson L Tags: N Biotechnol Source Type: research

Adjuvanticity of recombinant calreticulin fragment 39-272 in assisting anti-β-glucan IgG responses in T cell-deficient mice.
In this study, laminarin, a well-characterized β-1,3-glucan, was conjugated with a prokaryotically expressed recombinant fragment (aa 39-272) of calreticulin (rCRT/39-272), which exhibits extraordinarily potent immunogenicity and adjuvanticity in experimental animals. The resultant conjugate reserves the immunostimulatory effect of rCRT/39-272 on naïve murine B cells, and is capable of eliciting anti-β-glucan IgG (mostly IgG1) responses in not only BALB/c mice but also athymic nude mice. Laminarin-CRT-induced mouse Abs are able to bind with Candida albicans and inhibit their growth in vitro. In addition, vaccination wit...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - February 13, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Li WJ, Long K, Dong HL, Gao XM Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: research

Frequent detection of 'azole' resistant Candida species among late presenting AIDS patients in northwest Ethiopia
Conclusion: HIV/AIDS patients are orally colonized by single or multiple albicans and non- albicans Candida species that are frequently resistant to azoles and occasionally to amphotericin B, 5-Fluorocytosine and micafungin. These highlight the need for national surveillance for examining Candida epidemiology and resistance to antifungal drugs. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - February 12, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Andargachew MuluAfework KassuBelay AnagawBeyene MogesAschalew GelawMartha AlemayehuYeshambel BelyhunFantahun BiadglegneZewdu HurissaFeleke MogesEmiko Isogai Source Type: research

Activity of systemically administered echinocandins against in vivo mature Candida albicans biofilms developed in a rat subcutaneous model.
This study addresses the effect of micafungin, caspofungin and anidulafungin against Candida albicans biofilms developed in a subcutaneous catheter rat model system. Five, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day (latter one only for micafungin) were given intravenously for 5, 7 or 10 days. All three echinocandins caused a significant reduction of the Candida cell numbers on the implanted catheters and are thus promising for the treatment of biofilm related infections. PMID: 23403433 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - February 12, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kucharíková S, Sharma N, Spriet I, Maertens J, Van Dijck P, Lagrou K Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Lactoferrin, a Marker for Periodontal Disease.
This study evaluated the salivary concentrations of lactoferrin (Lf) in HIV-seropositive and -seronegative subjects correlating these levels with the incidence of periodontal disease, quantity of Candida spp and systemic condition of the HIV-seropositives (viral load and T lymphocytes CD-4+ count and antiretroviral therapy). Whole saliva samples were obtained from 109 subjects who were divided into four groups according to the extent of their HIV infection and their periodontal condition. The salivary Lf concentrations were determined by a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the quantification of Candida spp. wa...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 11, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lourenço AG, Nakao C, Machado AA, Motta AC, Tonani L, Candido RC, Komesu MC Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Oral Candida infection weakens tooth enamel
Oral infection with Candida albicans is associated with demineralization of tooth enamel, potentially increasing susceptibility to caries, research shows. (Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases)
Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases - February 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Repeated Batch Cell-Immobilized System for the Biotechnological Production of Xylitol as a Renewable Green Sweetener.
Abstract The present paper studies the biotechnological production of xylitol using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate in a repeated batch fermentation system with immobilized cells of Candida guilliermondii FTI20037. Immobilized cell system is considered as an attractive alternative to reuse the well-grown and adapted yeast cells in a new fresh fermentation media, without the need of the inoculum stage. In this work, seven repeated batches were performed in a fluidized bed bioreactor using immobilized cells in calcium alginate beads. According to the obtained results it was observed that the immobilized cells of C. gui...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - February 9, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sarrouh B, da Silva SS Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: research

Anti-cytokine autoantibodies suggest pathogenetic links with autoimmune regulator deficiency in humans and mice.
Abstract Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE). The patients' autoantibodies recognize not only multiple organ-specific targets, but also many type I interferons (IFNs) and most T helper type 17 (Th17) cell-associated cytokines, whose biological actions they neutralize in vitro. These anti-cytokine autoantibodies are highly disease-specific: otherwise, they have been found only in patients with thymomas, tumours of thymic epithelial cells that fail to express AIRE. Moreover, autoantibodies against T...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - February 8, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kärner J, Meager A, Laan M, Maslovskaja J, Pihlap M, Remm A, Juronen E, Wolff AS, Husebye ES, Podkrajšek KT, Bratanic N, Battelino T, Willcox N, Peterson P, Kisand K Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: research

Evolutionary Rate Covariation in Meiotic Proteins Results from Fluctuating Evolutionary Pressure in Yeasts and Mammals [Population and Evolutionary Genetics]
Evolutionary rates of functionally related proteins tend to change in parallel over evolutionary time. Such evolutionary rate covariation (ERC) is a sequence-based signature of coevolution and a potentially useful signature to infer functional relationships between proteins. One major hypothesis to explain ERC is that fluctuations in evolutionary pressure acting on entire pathways cause parallel rate changes for functionally related proteins. To explore this hypothesis we analyzed ERC within DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and meiosis proteins over phylogenies of 18 yeast species and 22 mammalian species. We identified a strong ...
Source: Genetics - February 8, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Clark, N. L., Alani, E., Aquadro, C. F. Tags: Population and Evolutionary Genetics Source Type: research

Biochemical activities of iranian Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss) Bor. essential oil
M Mahboubi, N KazempourIndian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012 74(4):356-360Cymbopogon olivieri essential oil from aerial parts was analyzed by gas chromotography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and led to the identification of 38 compounds. Piperitone (72.8%), 4-carene (11.8%) and β-himachalene (7.6%) were found as the major components of the oil. The antimicrobial activity was achieved using disc-diffusion and microbroth dilution assays and microbicidal kinetics of oil was screened against different microorganisms. The possible antioxidant activity of oil was evaluated by ...
Source: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - February 8, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: M MahboubiN Kazempour Source Type: research

The new mutation L321F in Candida albicans ERG11 gene may be associated with fluconazole resistance.
CONCLUSION: The L321F mutation in C. albicans ERG11 gene may be associated with fluconazole resistance. PMID: 23402828 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia)
Source: Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia - February 8, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Oliveira Carvalho V, Okay TS, Melhem MS, Walderez Szeszs M, Del Negro GM Tags: Rev Iberoam Micol Source Type: research

Comparison of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis adhesive properties and pathogenicity.
In this study, the adhesive properties of clinical isolates belonging to the 'psilosis' species were assessed in an in vitro model of co-incubation with human buccal epithelial cells (HBECs). Ectophosphatase activity was also measured for all isolates, since the activity of this enzyme has previously been linked to adhesion properties in C. parapsilosis. The results indicate that whilst C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis strains showed similar adhesion abilities, C. metapsilosis isolates displayed a significantly lower ability to adhere to HBECs (P<0.05). No evidence of a correlation between ectophosphatase activity a...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - February 8, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bertini A, De Bernardis F, Hensgens LA, Sandini S, Senesi S, Tavanti A Tags: Int J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

Developing Oral Probiotics From Streptococcus salivariusDeveloping Oral Probiotics From Streptococcus salivarius
S. salivarius, the principal bacterium colonizing the oral cavity, shows promise as a probiotic for control of a variety of infections, from halitosis and dental caries to otitis media and candida. Future Microbiology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - February 7, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Pathology & Lab Medicine Journal Article Source Type: news

Candidacidal effect of fluconazole and chlorhexidine released from acrylic polymer
Conclusions The concentrations of chlorhexidine and fluconazole leached from the PEM/THFM polymer were fungicidal against all Candida isolates, including those resistant to fluconazole, for the first 7 days. Chlorhexidine leachates showed a rapid fungicidal activity for up to 4 weeks, which can be of use in cases with poor response to conventional antifungals. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 7, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Salim, N., Moore, C., Silikas, N., Satterthwaite, J., Rautemaa, R. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Disappointing results for new TB vaccine
Conclusion The effectiveness of the BCG against tuberculosis is variable and has been found to be less effective in countries such as South Africa, where as many as 1% of the population has TB. An effective booster vaccine would therefore be useful. Although this study found the new vaccine is safe, it does not appear to have performed better than the placebo in children who had already had the BCG vaccine when the researchers looked at: how well the vaccine prevented initial infection with the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis the ability of the vaccine to prevent TB developing once infection had taken place ...
Source: NHS News Feed - February 5, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Heart/lungs Source Type: news

Experience with the Platelia Candida ELISA for the diagnosis of invasive candidosis in neonatal patients
Oliveri S, Trovato L, Betta P, Romeo MG, Nicoletti G (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)
Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles - February 5, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: news

Prospective evaluation of mannan and anti-mannan antibodies for diagnosis of invasive Candida infections in patients with neutropenic fever
Ellis M, Al-Ramadi B, Bernsen R, Kristensen J, Alizadeh H, Hedstrom U (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)
Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles - February 5, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: news

Disappointing results from Phase II study of MVA85A tuberculosis vaccine in infants previously vaccinated with BCG
Source: Lancet Area: News The Lancet has published the results of a Phase IIb clinical trial conducted in South Africa that evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new vaccine in preventing tuberculosis (TB) in infants.   BCG vaccination provides incomplete protection against TB in infants, and the new vaccine - modified Vaccinia Ankara virus expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A) - was designed to enhance immune responses already primed by the BCG vaccine. The study randomised 2,797 healthy infants (4-6 months) who had previously received BCG vaccination to receive one intradermal dose of MVA85A (n=1399) or an equal vol...
Source: NeLM - News - February 5, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis due to fungi other than Aspergillus: a global overview.
Abstract Abstract Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) is a hypersensitivity-mediated disease of worldwide distribution. We reviewed 143 reported global cases of ABPM due to fungi other than aspergilli. The commonest etiologic agent was Candida albicans, reported in 60% of the cases, followed by Bipolaris species (13%), Schizophyllum commune (11%), Curvularia species (8%), Pseudallescheria boydii species complex (3%) and rarely, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium vasinfectum, Penicillium species, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Stemphylium languinosum, Rhizopus oryzae, C. glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trich...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - February 5, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chowdhary A, Agarwal K, Kathuria S, Gaur SN, Randhawa HS, Meis JF Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: research

A Functional Isopenicillin N Synthase in an Animal Genome
In conclusion, the data suggest that the soil-living collembolan F. candida has assimilated the capacity for antibacterial activity by horizontal gene transfer, which may be an important adaptive trait in the microbe-dominated soil ecosystem. (Source: Molecular Biology and Evolution)
Source: Molecular Biology and Evolution - February 4, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Roelofs, D., Timmermans, M. J. T. N., Hensbergen, P., van Leeuwen, H., Koopman, J., Faddeeva, A., Suring, W., de Boer, T. E., Marien, J., Boer, R., Bovenberg, R., van Straalen, N. M. Tags: Fast Tracks Source Type: research