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This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

Clostridium difficile in children: a review of existing and recently uncovered evidence.
Abstract The clinical significance of the presence of Clostridium difficile in children's faeces remains uncertain using current diagnostic procedures. Clostridium difficile is a relatively common finding in infants with no symptoms of gastrointestinal disease, suggesting it may be an incidental finding and form part of the normal gut micro-flora in this age group. On the other hand, particularly in older children or those with significant co-morbidity, there are examples where C. difficile causes disease and exerts considerable morbidity and even mortality (C. difficile infection, CDI). Between these extremes lie ...
Source: Adv Data - June 14, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Morris O, Tebruegge M, Pallett A, Green SM, Pearson AD, Tuck A, Clarke SC, Roderick P, Faust SN Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Tenofovir halves HIV risk for injecting drug users
Conclusion This was a well-conducted trial which has many strengths, including its very large sample size, long duration of follow-up, and regular and thorough assessments of HIV outcomes, adherence to treatment, adverse effects and risk counselling. It found that daily oral tenofovir, when taken by injecting drug users, causes an almost 50% reduction in their relative risk of contracting HIV. It found that about seven to eight per 1,000 would develop HIV per year without taking tenofovir, reducing to three to four per 1,000 per year if they did take tenofovir. Although the drug has been demonstrated to be effect...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 14, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Source Type: news

Rational prescribing in paediatrics in a resource-limited setting
Conclusions The study showed an overprescription of antibiotics and substantial usage of micronutrients despite a lack of international evidence-based guidelines. Cost-effective interventions to improve prescribing practices are called for and more studies with a focus on rational prescribing in paediatrics in low-income settings are urgently required to fill the gap in current knowledge. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - June 11, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Risk, R., Naismith, H., Burnett, A., Moore, S. E., Cham, M., Unger, S. Tags: Diarrhoea, Drugs: infectious diseases, Child health, Guidelines Original article Source Type: research

Morbidity among child travellers with sickle-cell disease visiting tropical areas: an observational study in a French tertiary care centre
Conclusions Travels to tropical areas are associated with high morbidity in children with SCD. Salmonella infection is a particularly significant threat, and empirical antibiotic therapy should be prescribed routinely for traveller's diarrhoea in this population. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - June 11, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sommet, J., Missud, F., Holvoet, L., Ithier, G., Lorrot, M., Benkerrou, M., Faye, A. Tags: Oncology, Diarrhoea, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: infectious diseases, Child health, Rheumatology Original article Source Type: research

Global priorities for child diarrhoea set in major study
The most comprehensive study yet on child diarrhoea in developing countries takes aim at targeting more pathogens and providing better care. (Source: SciDev.Net)
Source: SciDev.Net - June 6, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Highlights from this issue
Luminal GIHost genetics of Irritable bowel syndrome: more clues towards inflammation and infection Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows a familial tendency but studying host genetic factors in this condition is fraught with difficulty due to vaguely defined phenotypes. One in five of IBS begins with an acute gastroenteritis; this is defined as post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS). Given the similarity between PI-IBS and diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Swan et al hypothesised that IBS-D would be characterised by a genetic tendency to overreact to infectious or inflammatory insults and to show persistent immune activation. In ord...
Source: Gut - June 6, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: El-Omar, E., Grady, W., Gerbes, A. Tags: Digest Source Type: research

Identifying and testing candidate genetic polymorphisms in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): association with TNFSF15 and TNF{alpha}
Conclusion IBS-D and PI-IBS patients are associated with TNFSF15 and TNFα genetic polymorphisms which also predispose to Crohn's disease suggesting possible common underlying pathogenesis. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - June 6, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Swan, C., Duroudier, N. P., Campbell, E., Zaitoun, A., Hastings, M., Dukes, G. E., Cox, J., Kelly, F. M., Wilde, J., Lennon, M. G., Neal, K. R., Whorwell, P. J., Hall, I. P., Spiller, R. C. Tags: Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Gastroenteritis, Crohn's disease, Constipation, Diarrhoea, Irritable bowel syndrome Neurogastroenterology Source Type: research

EBN resources page
SIGN Apps for iPhone and Android phonehttp://itunes.com/apps/signguidelines The app for the Apple and Android phones and tablets contains reference guides (QRG) of SIGN guidelines. The app has recently been updated to include our suite of coronary heart disease (CHD) Guidelines:97 Risk estimation and the prevention of cardiovascular disease 96 Management of stable angina 95 Management of chronic heart failure 94 Cardiac arrhythmias in coronary heart disease 93 Acute coronary syndromes (updated February 2013) In addition, navigation of the app has been improved with category listings of guidelines. The content is enhanced w...
Source: Evidence-Based Nursing - June 6, 2013 Category: Nursing Authors: Noble, E. b. H. Tags: Diarrhoea, General practice / family medicine, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Neurological injury, Pain (neurology), Stroke, Trauma CNS / PNS, Paediatric oncology, Op Source Type: research

Effectiveness and safety of fumaric acid esters in children with psoriasis: a retrospective analysis of 14 patients from the Netherlands
Conclusions In this retrospective case series FAE seemed to be an effective and safe treatment for children with psoriasis. FAE may be an attractive therapeutic alternative to the currently used systemic immunosuppressive agents for paediatric patients with psoriasis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the suitability of FAE in paediatric psoriasis. (Source: British Journal of Dermatology)
Source: British Journal of Dermatology - June 5, 2013 Category: Dermatology Authors: D.M.W. Balak, A.M. Oostveen, M.T. Bousema, A.W. Venema, W.P. Arnold, M.M.B. Seyger, H.B. Thio Tags: CONCISE COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Water nanofilter 'could cut diarrhoea-related deaths'
A nanofilter that kills waterborne bacteria and viruses in drinking water may only cost families US$2.50 a year, say Indian researchers. (Source: SciDev.Net)
Source: SciDev.Net - June 3, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Cocktail of skin cancer drugs 'shrinks melanomas'
Conclusion This phase I study has suggested that combining two drugs – nivolumab and ipilimumab – can produce a response in people with advanced melanoma with an acceptable safety profile. This type of study is a first step in human studies of new drugs or combinations of drugs. The authors themselves note that some caution is required due to the small size of the study and the potential for the participants not to be representative of the wider patient population. The results in this study mean the researchers are likely to carry out larger studies comparing this combination of drugs against the combined drugs alone ...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 3, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer Medication Source Type: news

Probiotics with antibiotics cut diarrhoea infections
Researchers say probiotics should be used where there are C.diff outbreaksRelated items from OnMedicaCertain probiotics more effective than others for child diarrhoea Chronic fatigue and IBS linked to gut parasiteE. coli linked to long-term illnessC.diff drug shows promise (Source: OnMedica Latest News)
Source: OnMedica Latest News - June 3, 2013 Category: UK Health Source Type: news

Lubiprostone for constipation
A small study involving 21 people with MS and constipation found that lubiprostone increased spontaneous bowel movements more than threefold (though this depended on how data from three people who dropped out was counted). A side effect was diarrhoea. From the CMSC/ACTRIMS meeting. MedPage Today Bowel symptoms - A to Z of MS (Source: Multiple Sclerosis Trust)
Source: Multiple Sclerosis Trust - June 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

Effectiveness and safety of fumaric acid esters in children with psoriasis: a retrospective analysis of 14 patients from the Netherlands.
Conclusions In this retrospective case series FAE seemed to be an effective and safe treatment for children with psoriasis. FAE may be an attractive therapeutic alternative to the currently used systemic immunosuppressive agents for paediatric patients with psoriasis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the suitability of FAE in paediatric psoriasis. PMID: 23738641 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)
Source: The British Journal of Dermatology - June 1, 2013 Category: Dermatology Authors: Balak DM, Oostveen AM, Bousema MT, Venema AW, Arnold WP, Seyger MM, Thio HB Tags: Br J Dermatol Source Type: research

[Antimicrobial therapy of Clostridium difficile infection. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis].
Conclusions: Each antibiotic similarly improved clinical cure. Fidaxomicin was the most effective therapeutic alternative in lowering the rate of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 890-899. PMID: 23728312 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orvosi Hetilap)
Source: Orvosi Hetilap - June 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Brodszky V, Gulácsi L, Ludwig E, Prinz G, Banai J, Reményi P, Strbák B, Kertész A, Kopcsóné Németh I, Zsoldiné Urbán E, Baji P, Péntek M Tags: Orv Hetil Source Type: research

Assessing the predictive value of HIV indicator conditions in general practice: a case-control study using the THIN database.
Conclusion This is the first study to quantify the predictive value of clinical diagnoses related to HIV infection in primary care. In identifying the conditions most strongly associated with HIV, this study could aid GPs in offering targeted HIV testing to those at highest risk. PMID: 23735407 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of General Practice)
Source: The British Journal of General Practice - June 1, 2013 Category: Primary Care Authors: Damery S, Nichols L, Holder R, Ryan R, Wilson S, Warmington S, Stokes-Lampard H, Manavi K Tags: Br J Gen Pract Source Type: research

Probiotics prevent diarrhoea linked to C diff treatment
Probiotic supplements can prevent diarrhoea caused by antibiotics, according to a Cochrane review. (Source: Nursing Times Breaking News)
Source: Nursing Times Breaking News - May 31, 2013 Category: Nursing Source Type: news

Probiotics 'may prevent diarrhoea'
A large review suggests taking probiotics could prevent diarrhoea when on antibiotics. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)
Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition - May 31, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Probiotics Prevent Diarrhoea Related To Antibiotic Use
Probiotic supplements have the potential to prevent diarrhoea caused by antibiotics, according to a new Cochrane systematic review. The authors studied Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infections in patients taking antibiotics and found symptoms of diarrhoea were substantially reduced when patients were also treated with probiotics. Antibiotics disturb the beneficial bacteria that live in the gut and allow other harmful bacteria like C. difficile to take hold. Although some people infected with C. difficile show no symptoms, others suffer diarrhoea or colitis... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 31, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: GastroIntestinal / Gastroenterology Source Type: news

Target-selective photo-degradation of verotoxin-1 and reduction of its cytotoxicity to Vero cells using porphyrin-globotriose hybrids.
Abstract Designed and synthesized porphyrin-globotriose hybrids effectively degraded verotoxin-1, which causes severe bloody diarrhoea and fetal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Degradation was achieved using long-wavelength UV or visible light irradiation in the absence of any additives and under neutral conditions. Moreover, the hybrids neutralized the cytotoxicity of verotoxin upon photo-irradiation. PMID: 23722161 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemical Communications)
Source: Chemical Communications - May 31, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Okochi A, Tanimoto S, Takahashi D, Toshima K Tags: Chem Commun (Camb) Source Type: research

Why are there delays in seeking treatment for childhood diarrhoea in India?
Conclusion(s)Improved care seeking for childhood diarrhoea in India is still constrained by access to a health facility and requires expansion and strengthening of the public health system. The caregivers, especially the mothers need to be educated about the importance of seeking timely treatment and the benefits of oral rehydration solution.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Acta Paediatrica)
Source: Acta Paediatrica - May 30, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Nisha Malhotra, Ravi Prakash Upadhyay Tags: Regular Article Source Type: research

First report of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in common swifts (Apus apus).
Abstract Forty common swifts (Apus apus), synanthropic birds living in an urban environment closely with humans and other animals, were hospitalized in the public veterinary hospital of the Regional Reference Center of Urban Veterinary Hygiene located in Naples, Campania Region, Italy. Each bird was sampled for bacteriological analyses. Out of 40 common swifts examined, eight were found positive for Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis although no sign of salmonellosis (e.g. diarrhoea) was shown. This is believed to be the first report of Salmonella spp. infection in common swifts. Our results suggest this avian sp...
Source: Avian Pathology - May 30, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Borrelli L, Fioretti A, Russo TP, Barco L, Raia P, De Luca Bossa LM, Sensale M, Menna LF, Dipineto L Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: research

Improved vaccination programme launched
New vaccination schemes to protect against flu, shingles and diarrhoea were announced by the government Hide related content: Show related content read more (Source: Nursing in Practice)
Source: Nursing in Practice - May 28, 2013 Category: Nursing Authors: Lalah-Simone Springer Tags: Children ' s health Family health Infections Editor s pick Latest News Source Type: news

Millions more to get jabs
Millions more people will be protected against disease by improvements to the UK’s revised immunisation schedule, announced last week,including three vaccination programmes to protect against flu, shingles and diarrhoea. (Source: NHS Networks)
Source: NHS Networks - May 28, 2013 Category: UK Health Authors: Maria Axford Source Type: news

Neoadjuvant-intensified treatment for rectal cancer: Time to change?
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest oxaliplatin chemotherapy has a beneficial effect on overall survival, likely due to an increase in local tumor control. PMID: 23716984 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - May 28, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Musio D, De Felice F, Bulzonetti N, Guarnaccia R, Caiazzo R, Bangrazi C, Raffetto N, Tombolini V Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Intestinal parasitic infections in children presenting with diarrhoea in outpatient and inpatient settings in an informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya
Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infections are common in urban informal settlements' environment. Routine examinations of stool samples and treatment could benefit both the HIV infected and uninfected children in outpatient and inpatient settings. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 27, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Cecilia MbaeJames NokesErastus MulingeJoyce NyamburaAnthony WaruruSamuel Kariuki Source Type: research

The low FODMAP diet improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective study
ConclusionsThe low FODMAP diet shows efficacy for IBS patients. The current strategy of breath testing and dietary advice provides a good basis to understand and adhere to the diet. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice - May 25, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: R. H. Roest, B. R. Dobbs, B. A. Chapman, B. Batman, L. A. O'Brien, J. A. Leeper, C. R. Hebblethwaite, R. B. Gearry Tags: Original Paper Source Type: research

A glucocorticoid education group meeting: an effective strategy for improving self-management to prevent adrenal crisis.
CONCLUSION: A glucocorticoid education group meeting for patients with adrenal failure seems helpful to improve self-management and proper use of stress-related glucocorticoid dose adjustment. PMID: 23636446 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: European Journal of Endocrinology - May 25, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Repping-Wuts HJ, Stikkelbroeck NM, Noordzij A, Kerstens M, Hermus AR Tags: Eur J Endocrinol Source Type: research

Influence of melatonin on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in postmenopausal women.
Conclusions: Melatonin can be used as part of the treatment of IBS, particularly in patients with constipation-predominant IBS. (Endokrynol Pol 2013; 64 (2): 114-120). PMID: 23653274 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Endokrynologia Polska)
Source: Endokrynologia Polska - May 24, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chojnacki C, Walecka-Kapica E, Lokieć K, Pawłowicz M, Winczyk K, Chojnacki J, Klupińska G Tags: Endokrynol Pol Source Type: research

Comparison of EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.
Abstract Molecular targeted therapy based on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) is currently a state of the art option for management of advanced stage NSCLC. Activating EGFR mutations are preferable for a good treatment response to EGFR-TKI. The presented retrospective study evaluated a clinical observation of EGFR-TKI aiming at its efficacy and safety in comparison to a standard chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced stage NSCLC. Total number of patients with advanced stage (IIIB, IV) EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC was 54 of which 23 were treated with EGFR-TKI and 31 patients with vari...
Source: Neoplasma - May 24, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fiala O, Pesek M, Finek J, Benesova L, Bortlicek Z, Minarik M Tags: Neoplasma Source Type: research

Heat stress adaptation induces cross-protection against lethal acid stress conditions in Arcobacter butzleri but not in Campylobacter jejuni.
Abstract The ability of many bacteria to adapt to stressful conditions may later protect them against the same type of stress (specific adaptive response) or different types of stresses (multiple adaptive response, also termed cross-protection). Arcobacter butzleri and Campylobacter jejuni are close phylogenetic relatives that occur in many foods of animal origin and have been linked with human illness (mainly diarrhoea). In the present study, sublethal stress adaptation temperatures (48 °C and 10 °C) and mild and lethal acid conditions (pH 5.0 and pH 4.0) were determined for A. butzleri and C. jejuni. In add...
Source: Food Microbiology - May 23, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Isohanni P, Huehn S, Aho T, Alter T, Lyhs U Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: research

Dose tapering for ciclosporin in cats with nonflea-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results suggest that the induction dose of 7 mg/kg ciclosporin can be tapered as soon as 4 weeks without deterioration of the clinical response. Establishment of the lowest effective dosing regimen of ciclosporin reduced the frequency of AEs. PMID: 23530522 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Veterinary Dermatology)
Source: Veterinary Dermatology - May 23, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Steffan J, Roberts E, Cannon A, Prélaud P, Forsythe P, Fontaine J, King S, Seewald W Tags: Vet Dermatol Source Type: research

Direct RT-PCR from serum enables fast and cost-effective phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhoea virus.
Abstract Studies of the molecular epidemiology of viral diseases are dependent on the analysis of large numbers of samples from infected individuals, and the assembly of relevant sequence databases are a prerequisite to investigate chains of infection. As part of research in support of the Scottish BVDV eradication campaign, we have established a direct RT-PCR method for the high throughput amplification and analysis of the informative 5'-untranslated region of the BVDV genome. Heat-treatment followed by a one-step RT-PCR, performed in 96-well plates, produced sufficient material for sequence analysis from 0.5μl o...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - May 23, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Bachofen C, Willoughby K, Zadoks R, Burr P, Mellor D, Russell GC Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: research

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain in a novel weaned mouse model: exacerbation by malnutrition, biofilm as a virulence factor and treatment by nitazoxanide.
Abstract Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is increasingly recognized as a common cause of diarrhoea in healthy, malnourished and immune-deficient adults and children. There is no reproducible non-neonatal animal model for longitudinal studies of disease mechanism or therapy. Using two strains of human-derived EAEC to challenge weaned C57BL/6 mice, we explored an in vivo model of EAEC infection in mice, in which disease was monitored quantitatively as the growth rate, stool shedding and tissue burden of organisms; nutritional status was varied, and a new class of therapeutics was assessed. A single oral cha...
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - May 23, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bolick DT, Roche JK, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J, Nataro JP, Guerrant RL Tags: J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

Effects of bovine viral diarrhoea virus on the fertility of cows.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the possible relationship between bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus infection and the appearance of cervical mucous discharge (CMD) and the reproductive performance of cows in oestrus. For this purpose, CMD from 97 Holstein cows in oestrus was evaluated visually before artificial insemination (AI). Cows in oestrus were inseminated with frozen semen free from BVD virus (BVDV). Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for antigen (Ag) and antibodies (Ab) of BVDV. The presence of the BVDV genome in cervical mucus samples was tested by revers...
Source: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica - May 23, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Yavru S, Kale M, Gulay MS, Yapici O, Bulut O, Ata A Tags: Acta Vet Hung Source Type: research

Isolation and molecular characterisation of a pestivirus from goats in Egypt.
Abstract Nine fetuses and neonates from sheep and goats in Egypt were screened for pestiviruses using immunohistochemistry (IHC), virus isolation, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two goat kids with typical border disease (BD) were positive for pestivirus infection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using polyclonal anti-BDV serum but not when four different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used. On inoculation in MDBK cells, a cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was isolated from one of the two kids. PCR amplification followed by sequencing of the 5'-UTR region confirmed it as B...
Source: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica - May 23, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Abdel-Latif AO, Goyal SM, Chander Y, Abdel-Moneim AS, Tamam SM, Madbouly HM Tags: Acta Vet Hung Source Type: research

Phylogeny and expression of the nucleocapsid gene of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.
In this study, the nucleocapsid (N) gene of a Chinese PEDV isolate designated HLJBY was cloned. The phylogeny of PEDV strains was investigated by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the N protein sequences. The results indicate that there are two major groups of Chinese PEDVs, a Japanese PEDV group and a Korean PEDV group. High-level expression of the N protein was achieved in Escherichia coli. The immunoreactivity between PEDV particles or the bacterially expressed N protein and rabbit anti-PEDV serum was confirmed by immunofluorescence assays and Western blot. Both PEDV N protein and the polyclonal antibody generat...
Source: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica - May 23, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Yang W, Li G, Ren Y, Suo S, Ren X Tags: Acta Vet Hung Source Type: research

Protective effect of a mixture of kefir-isolated lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a hamster model of Clostridium difficile infection.
The objective of this work was to test the protective effect of a mixture (MM) constituted by kefir-isolated microorganisms (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus kefir, Lc. lactis, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in a hamster model of infection with Clostridium difficile, an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that causes diarrhoea. Placebo or MM was administered ad libitum in drinking water from day 0 to the end of treatment. Hamsters received orally 200 μg of clyndamicin at day 7 and then were infected with 1 × 10(8) CFU of C. difficile by gavage. Development of diarrhoea and death was regist...
Source: Anaerobe - May 23, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bolla PA, Carasi P, Bolla Mde L, De Antoni GL, Serradell Mde L Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: research

Phase II trial of panobinostat, an oral pan‐deacetylase inhibitor in patients with primary myelofibrosis, post–essential thrombocythaemia, and post–polycythaemia vera myelofibrosis
This study evaluated panobinostat, a pan‐deacetylase inhibitor that depletes JAK2 V617F levels and JAK/STAT signalling in MPN cells, in patients with primary MF, post–essential thrombocythaemia MF, and post–polycythaemia vera MF. Patients received panobinostat 40 mg administered three times per week. Dose reductions were permitted for toxicities. The primary endpoint was response rate at 6 months using International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG‐MRT) consensus criteria. Analyses of peripheral blood cells from treated patients revealed that panobinostat inhibited JAK/STAT signalling, ...
Source: British Journal of Haematology - May 23, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Daniel J. DeAngelo, Ruben A. Mesa, Warren Fiskus, Ayalew Tefferi, Carole Paley, Martha Wadleigh, Ellen K. Ritchie, David S. Snyder, Kebede Begna, Siddhartha Ganguly, Michael S. Ondovik, Jessica Rine, Kapil N. Bhalla Tags: Research paper Source Type: research

A dose-equivalent comparison of the effects of continuous subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) infusions versus meal related GLP-2 injections in the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients.
CONCLUSION: Both GLP-2 regimens significantly reduced diarrhoea in SBS patients, but a significant difference between continuous GLP-2 administration and TID injections could not be detected in a study of this size. PMID: 23501043 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Regulatory Peptides)
Source: Regulatory Peptides - May 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Naimi RM, Madsen KB, Askov-Hansen C, Brandt CF, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Mortensen PB, Jeppesen PB Tags: Regul Pept Source Type: research

Ethnobotanical knowledge on indigenous fruits in Ohangwena and Oshikoto regions in Northern Namibia
Conclusions: The local communities in Oshikoto and Ohangwena regions have relatively good knowledge and practices regarding the indigenous fruit. This study enhances our understanding on the indigenous fruit in Namibia and their uses by local communities. (Source: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine)
Source: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine - May 22, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Ahmad CheikhyoussefWerner Embashu Source Type: research

Detection and molecular characterisation of noroviruses in hospitalised children in Malawi, 1997–2007
Abstract Despite the increasing recognition of noroviruses as major pathogens associated with community‐acquired diarrhoea in children, there are few studies from Africa. Long‐term surveillance studies of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Malawian children have provided an opportunity to undertake a study of the importance and epidemiological features of norovirus infection in this population. Faecal specimens were collected from children <5 years of age admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea, as well as from a comparison group of diarrhoea‐free children, in Blantyre, Malawi between 1997 and 2007. Norovirus was dete...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - May 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Eamonn Trainor, Ben Lopman, Miren Iturriza‐Gomara, Winifred Dove, Bagrey Ngwira, Osamu Nakagomi, Toyoko Nakagomi, Umesh Parashar, Nigel Cunliffe Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Target-selective photo-degradation of verotoxin-1 and reduction of its cytotoxicity to Vero cells using porphyrin-globotriose hybrids
Chem. Commun., 2013, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C3CC42957A, CommunicationAtsushi Okochi, Shuho Tanimoto, Daisuke Takahashi, Kazunobu ToshimaDesigned and synthesized porphyrin-globotriose hybrids effectively degraded verotoxin-1, which causes severe bloody diarrhoea and fetal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Degradation was achieved using long-wavelength UV or visible light irradiation in...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles)
Source: RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles - May 21, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Atsushi Okochi Source Type: research

Betrixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: results of a phase 2, randomized, dose-ranging study (Explore-Xa)
Conclusion Betrixaban was well tolerated and had similar or lower rates of bleeding compared with well-controlled warfarin in patients with AF at risk for stroke. (Source: European Heart Journal)
Source: European Heart Journal - May 21, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Connolly, S. J., Eikelboom, J., Dorian, P., Hohnloser, S. H., Gretler, D. D., Sinha, U., Ezekowitz, M. D. Tags: Arrhythmia/electrophysiology Source Type: research

Prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter species among under five diarrheic children at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Conclusion: Isolation rate of Campylobacter species were frequent among under five children. The frequency was higher in those children who were malnourished, drinking of unprotected water and direct contact with infected animals (especially cats, dogs, pigeons, hens and their products). The antimicrobial resistance patterns for some of the commonly prescribed antibiotics were high. Therefore, awareness of hand washing and proper boiling of drinking water are probably important in preventing infection with Campylobacter species and childhood diarrhea should not be underestimated and effectiveness of the drugs should be con...
Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles - May 21, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ayalew LengerhFeleke MogesChandrashekhar UnakalBelay Anagaw Source Type: research

A randomized phase II study of PEP02 (MM-398), irinotecan or docetaxel as a second-line therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
Conclusion The ORR associated with PEP02 was comparable with docetaxel and numerically greater than that of irinotecan. PEP02 warrants further evaluation in the advanced gastric cancer setting. (Source: Annals of Oncology)
Source: Annals of Oncology - May 21, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Roy, A. C., Park, S. R., Cunningham, D., Kang, Y. K., Chao, Y., Chen, L. T., Rees, C., Lim, H. Y., Tabernero, J., Ramos, F. J., Kujundzic, M., Cardic, M. B., Yeh, C. G., de Gramont, A. Tags: gastrointestinal tumors Source Type: research

Ulcerative colitis in Henoch‐Shönlein Purpura: which came first, the chicken or the egg?
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Colorectal Disease)
Source: Colorectal Disease - May 21, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Antonio Tursi, Cosimo Damiano Inchingolo Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

[Immunosuppressive Treatment as a Risk Factor for the Occurrence of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI).]
Conclusion: We conclude that immunosuppression has to be regarded as an independent risk factor for CDI. Immunosuppressive treatment increases the risk of colonisation and infection with Clostridium difficile and leads to a higher relapse rate in patients with CDI. PMID: 23696115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie)
Source: Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie - May 21, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lübbert C, Johann C, Kekulé AS, Worlitzsch D, Weis S, Mössner J, Behl S, Seufferlein T Tags: Z Gastroenterol Source Type: research

15 thoughts on eliminating neglected tropical diseases
We summarise the points made by a live chat panel on how the global health community can work towards eliminating NTDsDr Paul Emerson, trachoma control programme director, The Carter Centre, Atlanta, USANTDs aren't as remote or obscure as many think: Trachoma and worms used to be endemic to the US and Europe, but were eliminated through improvements in hygiene, sanitation and access to medical care. NTDs still affect billions of people in the world, so the global NTD conversation needs to focus on how and why NTDs are keeping the bottom billion at the bottom.Build local support by involving community leaders: Involving tru...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - May 20, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Anna Scott Tags: Global health Guardian Professional Infectious diseases Pharmaceuticals industry Malaria and infectious diseases Vaccines and immunisation Health policy Editorial Global development professionals network Source Type: news

Abdominal pain and asthenia as common clinical features in hospitalized children for giardiasis.
Abstract Giardiasis is a disease with worldwide distribution, although its prevalence differs from country to country. In order to investigate the clinical pattern of giardiasis in in-patient children, a case-control study was carried out. In-patient children who had Giardia lamblia infection were compared with non Giardia-infected children, focusing only on 4 clinical manifestations: diarrhoea, abdominal pain, asthenia and vomiting. In multivariable analysis, abdominal pain (odds ratio [OR] 4.71, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.66-8.32) and asthenia (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.16-9.37) had positive and independent associat...
Source: Acta Tropica - May 18, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Almirall P, Núñez FA, Bello J, González OM, Fernández R, Escobedo AA Tags: Acta Trop Source Type: research