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Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri on spinach leaves by X-ray.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several recent foodborne disease outbreaks associated with leafy green vegetables, including spinach, have been reported. X-ray is a non-thermal technology that has shown promise for reducing pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on spinach leaves. Inactivation of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri on spinach leaves using X-ray at different doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy) was studied. The effect of X-ray on color quality and microflora counts (mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts and yeast and mold counts) of untreated and treated...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Mahmoud BS, Bachman G, Linton RH Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Effects of X-ray radiation on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri inoculated on shredded iceberg lettuce.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The main goal of this investigation was to study the efficacy of X-ray doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy) on inoculated Escherichia coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri on shredded iceberg lettuce. The second goal was to study the effect of X-ray on the inherent microflora counts and visual color of shredded iceberg lettuce during storage at 4 degrees C for 30 days. Treatment with 1.0 kGy X-ray significantly reduced the population of E. coli O157: H7, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. flexneri on shredded iceberg lettuce by 4.4, 4.1, 4.8 and 4.4...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Mahmoud BS Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Yersinia enterocolitica in slaughter pig tonsils: enumeration and detection by enrichment versus direct plating culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tonsil samples from 139 slaughter pigs were examined for the presence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica by enrichment procedures based on the standard method ISO 10273:2003. In addition, samples were tested by direct plating method to evaluate its efficiency compared to the enrichment culture methods and to quantify the level of contamination in porcine tonsils. In total, 52 samples (37.4%) were positive for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, all belonging to bioserotype 4/O:3. Fifty out of the 52 positive samples (96.2%) were detected by direct plating. Enumeration showed an average concentration of 4.5 log(10) CFU g(-...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Van Damme I, Habib I, De Zutter L Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

What Is Dysentery? What Causes Dysentery?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dysentery is an infection of the intestines. This inflammatory disorder causes stomach cramps and diarrhea. According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary, Dysentery is: "A disease marked by frequent watery stools, often with blood and mucus, and characterized clinically by pain, tenesmus, fever, and dehydration". In many cases there are only mild symptoms, such as diarrhea and nausea. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 17, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: GastroIntestinal / Gastroenterology Source Type: news

What Is Dysentery? What Causes Dysentery?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dysentery is an infection of the intestines. This inflammatory disorder causes stomach cramps and diarrhea. According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary, Dysentery is: "A disease marked by frequent watery stools, often with blood and mucus, and characterized clinically by pain, tenesmus, fever, and dehydration". In many cases there are only mild symptoms, such as diarrhea and nausea. (Source: GastroIntestinal News From Medical News Today)
Source: GastroIntestinal News From Medical News Today - November 17, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: GastroIntestinal / Gastroenterology Source Type: news

Adaptive immune responses during Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection: an in vitro stimulation with 57 kDa major antigenic OMP in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An effort was made to understand the role of the 57 kDa major antigenic fraction of Shigella outer membrane protein (OMP) in the presence of T-cell antigen receptor in activation of adaptive immune responses of the cell mediated immune (CMI) restored patients. The expression of HLA-DR/CD4 out of CD3(+) T-cells was significantly dominant over the HLA-DR/CD8 and comparable to unstimulated cells of infected or healthy controls. CD4(+) T-cell activation together with HLA-DR is associated with the expression of CD25(+) (IL2Ralpha) for IL-2 growth factors with decreased IL-4 levels, required for maintaining the homeostasis o...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - November 14, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bagchi AK, Sinha AK, Adhikari R, Mukherjee J Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: journals

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli vs. Shigella flexneri : how different patterns of gene expression affect virulenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Important features of the enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) phenotype and gene expression likely to confer EIEC with a lower ability to cause disease than Shigella flexneri were described here for the first time. To confirm the lower pathogenicity of EIEC, we have analyzed the keratoconjunctivitis developed in guinea-pigs with EIEC or S. flexneri. Shigella flexneri induced a more pronounced proinflammatory response, whereas EIEC induced a mild form of the disease. EIEC showed a significantly less efficient cell-to-cell Caco-2 dissemination when compared with S. flexneri. Plaques formed by EIEC during intercellular spr...
Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters - November 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno, Lucas Gonçalves Ferreira, Marina Baquerizo Martinez Source Type: journals

Caspase-8-mediated cleavage of Bid and Protein Phosphatase 2A-mediated activation of Bax are necessary for Verotoxin-1-induced apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we provide new insights into this signal transduction pathway. First, we demonstrate that VT-1-induced apoptosis requires degradation of the caspase-8 inhibitory molecule c-FLIP(L) and that this degradation occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we show that mitochondrial activation is mainly due to i) cleavage and activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bid by caspase-8 and ii) Bax relocalization to mitochondrial membranes which lead to cytochrome c release. However, tBid is not involved in Bax relocalization, and relocalization is most likely controlled by the extent of ...
Source: Cellular Signalling - November 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Garibal J, Hollville E, Renouf B, Tétaud C, Wiels J Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: journals

Protozoal gastrointestinal infectionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Human intestinal protozoal infections are found worldwide, in both developing and industrialized countries. Protozoa produce diarrhoeal disease by infecting the small or large intestine, or both. Amoebiasis is an important cause of dysentery and liver abscess worldwide. Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are important causes of diarrhoea in children; the latter is particularly associated with growth failure and malnutrition. They also cause water-borne and food-borne outbreaks. Food-borne outbreaks may also be caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis. The importance of intestinal protozoa has increased with the HIV/AIDS p...
Source: Medicine - November 1, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Julia M. Kenny, Paul Kelly Tags: Gastrointestinal infections Source Type: journals

Pneumonia caused by Shigella sonnei in man returned from India.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19891897 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - November 1, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mancini F, Carniato A, Ciervo A Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Pretreatment of Epithelial Cells with Rifaximin Alters Bacterial Attachment and Internalization Profiles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed semi-synthetic antibiotic derivative of rifampin licensed for use in the treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Rifaximin reduces symptoms of enteric infection, often without pathogen eradication and with limited effects on intestinal flora. Epithelia cells (HEp-2, larynx; HCT-8, ileocecal; A549, lung and HeLa, cervical) were pretreated with rifaximin (or control antibiotics) prior to the addition of enteroaggregative Echerichia coli (EAEC). EAEC adherence was significantly reduced following rifaximin pretreatment compared to pretreatment with rifampin or doxycycline for 3 of 4 cell lines test...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Brown EL, Xue Q, Jiang ZD, Xu Y, Dupont HL Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Effect of X-ray treatments on inoculated Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in ready-to-eat shrimp.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was conducted to evaluate the inactivation effect of X-ray treatments on Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enteric (S. enterica), Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) artificially inoculated in ready-to-eat (RTE) shrimp. A mixed culture of three strains of each tested pathogen was used to inoculate RTE shrimp. The shrimp samples were inoculated individually with selected pathogenic bacteria then aseptically placed in sterile plastic cups and air-dried at 22 degrees C for 30 min (to allow bacterial attachment) in the biosafety cabinet prior to X-ray treatments. The...
Source: Food Microbiology - October 21, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Mahmoud BS Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Genetic diversity of O157:H7 and non-O157 verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli from Argentina inferred from multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although serotype O157:H7 has been implicated in most cases of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS), there is growing concern about non-O157 serotypes of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC). Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) has been focused on the specific typing of O157:H7 isolates, but recently, a generic MLVA assay for E. coli and Shigella has been developed. We performed a study of the polymorphism in 7 generic VNTR loci both in VTEC O157:H7 and non-O157 isolates from Argentina, in order to asses the ability of the method to type this group of isolates and to get insight into their ge...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bustamante AV, Mariel Sanso A, Lucchesi PM, Parma AE Tags: Int J Med Microbiol Source Type: journals

Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysenteryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Cochrane Library Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews Background Shigella dysentery is a relatively common illness and occasionally causes death, worldwide. Mild symptoms are self-limiting but in more severe cases, antibiotics are recommended for cure and preventing relapse. The antibiotics recommended are diverse, have regional differences in sensitivity, and have side effects. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for treating Shigella dysentery. Search strategy In June 2009 we identified all relevant trials from the following databases: Cochrane Infectious Dis...
Source: NeLM - Gastroenterology - October 15, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: organizations

Review: Bacterial diarrhoeaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: NEJM Area: News The New England Journal of Medicine features a review of bacterial diarrhoea, beginning with a case vignette to illustrate the problem followed by a discussion of the following: conditions. . Acute watery diarrhoea . Dysentery . Food Poisoning . Traveller's diarrhoea . Nosocomial diarrhoea (Source: NeLM - News)
Source: NeLM - News - October 14, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, antifungal, and immunomodulating activities of gatifloxacin derivativesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Gatifloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum fluorquinolone antibacterial agent with a 3-methylpiperazinyl-side chain at position 7 and a methoxy group at position 8 of the quinolone ring. In the present study different analogues of gatifloxacin were prepared; the piperazinyl ring was chosen as the center of reaction for synthesizing this series of derivatives. The structures of these derivatives were established using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, and EIMS. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by disc diffusion method and these derivatives were compared with ...
Source: Medicinal Chemistry Research - October 14, 2009 Category: Chemistry Tags: Medicinal Chemistry Research Source Type: journals

Evaluation of new chromogenic substrates for the detection of coliformsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The range of substrates described can be used in broths as well as in agars. The VQE agar allows the detection of coliforms within a working day. VQE-gal medium proved to be more sensitive when compared to other available chromogenic media and allows the unambiguous detection of coliforms. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology - October 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: N.K. Browne, Z. Huang, M. Dockrell, P. Hashmi, R.G. Price Source Type: journals

What is the Appropriate Treatment for a Pedal Puncture Wound?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion Ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones have demonstrated cartilage and joint toxicity when administered to immature laboratory animals. Therefore health care providers have been reluctant to use fluoroquinolones in young children and voluntarily have avoided them. However in 2002, more than 182,000 courses of fluoroquinolones were administered to children. Research data is limited but the pediatric safety profile appears to be similar to the adult safety profile. Current indications for fluoroquinolones include complicated urinary tract infections, treatment of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised pat...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - October 5, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Donna M. D'Alessandro, M.D. Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: info

Dr. Myron Levine Is Recpient of UMB's 2009 Entrepreneur of the Year AwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
"It's been a fantastic run," Myron M. "Mike" Levine, MD, DTPH, said at his Entrepreneur of the Year presentation Oct. 1 before a packed auditorium at the University of Maryland BioPark. Thirty-five years after founding the University of Maryland School of Medicine's Center for Vaccine Development (CVD), Dr. Levine is known worldwide for his role in developing vaccines to prevent the spread of diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, and Shigella dysentery. The CVD currently is working on an H1N1 vaccine, and evaluating one for malaria. In his presentation "Vaccines, Global Health, and Social Equity," Dr. Levine recapped ...
Source: University of Maryland School of Medicine News Headlines - October 2, 2009 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Escherichia coli as Reservoir for Macrolide Resistance Genes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The plasmid-borne mph(A) gene that confers resistance to azithromycin and has recently emerged in Shigella sonnei is present in multidrug- and non-multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from 4 continents. Further spread of mph(A) to Shigella and Salmonella spp. may be expected. PMID: 19861064 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - October 1, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Phuc Nguyen MC, Woerther PL, Bouvet M, Andremont A, Leclercq R, Canu A Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Spatial distribution of diarrhoea and microbial quality of domestic water during an outbreak of diarrhoea in the Tshikuwi community in Venda, South Africa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Total microbial quality assessment and geographical information system were used for evaluating the quality of water and the spatial distribution of diarrhoea cases in Tshikuwi, a rural community in South Africa, during an outbreak of diarrhoea. The water-abstraction points included two groundwater storage tanks, namely Tank 1 and Tank 2 and the Khandanama river. Indicator microbial counts for total coliforms, faecal coliforms, enterococci, and heterotrophic bacteria exceeded the limit for no risk as stipulated by the South African water-quality guidelines for domestic use for Tank 1 and the Khandanama river. Vibrio, S...
Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition - October 1, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Bessong PO, Odiyo JO, Musekene JN, Tessema A Tags: J Health Popul Nutr Source Type: journals

Computational Study of the Conformational Structures of Saccharides in Solution Based on J Couplings and the "Fast Sugar Structure Prediction Software"Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reports on the implementation of J coupling calculations in our recently developed Fast Sugar Structure Prediction Software (FSPS). The FSPS combines a smart and exhaustive algorithm to search through conformational space with the calculation of different experimental nuclear magnetic resonance observables to establish the conformation of saccharides in solution. Using our algorithm in combination with NMR data, we investigate the solution structure of three simple disaccharides (methyl alpha-sophoroside, methyl alpha-laminarabioside, and methyl alpha-cellobioside) and one complex bacterial polysaccharide ( Sh...
Source: Biomacromolecules - September 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xia J, Margulis CJ Tags: Biomacromolecules Source Type: journals

Protective role of mouse MBL-C on intestinal mucosa during Shigella flexneri invasionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a C-type serum lectin, which is believed to play an important role in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens. MBL can bind to sugar determinants of a wide variety of microorganisms, neutralize them and inhibit infection by complement activation through the lectin pathway and opsonization by collectin receptors. Given that small intestine is a predominant site of extrahepatic expression of MBL, here we addressed the question whether MBL is involved in mucosal innate immunity. The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) genes of mouse MBL-C (mMBL-C) were cloned and expressed in Escher...
Source: International Immunology - September 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zuo, D.-M., Zhang, L.-Y., Lu, X., Liu, Y., Chen, Z.-L. Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPERS Source Type: journals

Papua New Guinea: First cholera outbreak in 50 years continuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For the first time in 50 years, a cholera outbreak is affecting Papua New Guinea. Mainly concentrated in the eastern Morobe province, the disease has so far infected 283 people according to official figures. Photo : Sally McMillan, MSF. | For the first time in 50 years, a cholera outbreak has hit Papua New Guinea. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), already working in the city of Lae, was able to mobilize quickly and assist the Ministry of Health in responding to the outbreak. Initially an isolation ward was set up in the Angau Hospital, but when cases increased, MSF built a specially constructed cholera treatment centre...
Source: MSF News - September 16, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Papua New Guinea Source Type: organizations

Also In Global Health News: PNG, Nepal Outbreaks; Taliban OKs Polio Vac; Technology Helps In Developing Countries; Sat. Images For Malari ControlEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Outbreaks Strain Papua New Guinea's Health System VOA News examines the ongoing struggle for Papua New Guinea's health system to treat thousands of people infected by the "simultaneous outbreaks of influenza, dysentery and cholera that have killed about 120 people. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - September 16, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Tropical Diseases Source Type: news

Chlorophytum borivilianum: A White Gold for Biopharmaceuticals and Neutraceuticals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandes (Liliaceae) also known as 'Safed Musli' is a traditional rare Indian medicinal herb which has many therapeutic applications in Ayurvedic, Unani, Homeopathic and Allopathic system of medicine. Its roots (tubers) are widely used for various therapeutic applications. It is used to cure physical illness and weakness, as an aphrodisiac agent and revitalizer, as general sex tonic, remedy for diabetes, arthritis and increasing body immunity, curative for natal and postnatal problems, for rheumatism and joint pains, increase lactation in feeding mothers, as antimicrobial, anti...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - September 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Thakur GS, Bag M, Sanodiya BS, Debnath M, Zacharia A, Bhadouriya P, Prasad G, Bisen PS Tags: Curr Pharm Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Papua New Guinea disease outbreakEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authorities in Papua New Guinea fight to contain simultaneous outbreaks of cholera, influenza and dysentery. (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - September 12, 2009 Category: Science Tags: Biology,Health Source Type: journals

Shigella sonnei infections in Norway associated with sugar peas, May-June 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In May 2009, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) identified a possible outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection involving four cases. Additionally, five suspected cases in two separate households were reported. Inspectors from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) visited the two households and found an unopened package of sugar peas imported from Kenya in one of the households. One sample from the sugar peas was positive for Shigella sonnei by two PCR methods. Based on this result and information from patient interviews, the NFSA prohibited all sales of sugar peas imported from Kenya. PMID: 19555603 ...
Source: Euro Surveill - September 11, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Heier BT, Nygard K, Kapperud G, Lindstedt BA, Johannessen GS, Blekkan H Tags: Euro Surveill Source Type: journals

Imported fresh sugar peas as suspected source of an outbreak of Shigella sonnei in Denmark, April-May 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report on an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections involving ten cases notified through the laboratory surveillance system in Denmark in April and May. The likely source was consumption of fresh, raw sugar peas (sugar snaps) imported from Africa. This conclusion was based on interviews with cases and on the occurrence of a similar outbreak one month later in Norway. Fresh imported produce may occasionally be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria even when sold as ready-to-eat. PMID: 19555602 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Euro Surveill)
Source: Euro Surveill - September 11, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Muller L, Jensen T, Petersen RF, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S Tags: Euro Surveill Source Type: journals

High-Affinity Inhibitors of tRNA-Guanine Transglycosylase Replacing the Function of a Structural Water Cluster.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The tRNA-modifying enzyme tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) is essential for the pathogenic mechanism of Shigella flexneri, the causing agent of the bacterial diarrheal disease shigellosis. Herein, the synthesis of a new class of rationally designed 6-amino-imidazo[4,5-g]quinazolin-8(7H)-one- (lin-benzoguanine) based inhibitors of TGT are reported. In order to accommodate a small hydrophobic crevice opening near the binding site of ribose-34, 2-aminoethyl substituents were introduced in position 4 of the heterocyclic scaffold. For this purpose, a synthetic sequence consisting of iodination, Suzuki cross-coupling, hyd...
Source: Chemistry - September 9, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kohler PC, Ritschel T, Schweizer WB, Klebe G, Diederich F Tags: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Papua New Guinea: Cholera outbreakEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Papua New Guinea's Angau Hospital in Morobe Province is on high alert and treating people affected by an already deadly outbreak of cholera. As of Sept. 3, 95 cases of cholera were confirmed – including nine deaths – in Wasu, Morobe Province. This is a relatively worrying number as the small community of Wasu has a population of about 1,500. Cholera has also spread to Lae City. Eleven suspected cases have been admitted to Angau Hospital and three patients have died. MSF is responding by assisting the Ministry of Health in setting up a cholera treatment centre in the hospital. An isolation ward has been establis...
Source: MSF News - September 4, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Papua New Guinea NEWS Source Type: organizations

Papua New Guinea: Cholera outbreakEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Papua New Guinea's Angau Hospital in Morobe Province is on high alert and treating people affected by an already deadly outbreak of cholera. As of Sept. 3, 95 cases of cholera were confirmed – including nine deaths – in Wasu, Morobe Province. This is a relatively worrying number as the small community of Wasu has a population of about 12,000. Cholera has also spread to Lae City. Eleven suspected cases have been admitted to Angau Hospital and three patients have died. MSF is responding by assisting the Ministry of Health in setting up a cholera treatment centre in the hospital. An isolation ward has been establi...
Source: MSF News - September 4, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Papua New Guinea NEWS Source Type: organizations

Magnitude of drug resistant shigellosis: A report from BangaloreEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Srinivasa H, Baijayanti M, Raksha YIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2009 27(4):358-360Shigella is an important cause of acute invasive diarrhea in children and others. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella spp. isolated from diarrhoeal/ dysenteric patients in Bangalore was studied in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2007. One hundred and thirty-four isolates were identified as Shigella species. S. flexneri, S. sonnei...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - September 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Srinivasa H, Baijayanti M, Raksha Y Source Type: journals

Also In Global Health News: Flu, Cholera In PNG; Improving Life Awards; HIV/AIDS In Rwanda; Men And Maternal/Child Health; MDR-TB In IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Flu, Cholera Strikes Papua New Guinea "Twin outbreaks of a flu-like illness and dysentery in a remote region of Papua New Guinea have killed 47 people and infected another 2,000 villagers, a senior medical official said Monday," Agence France-Presse reports. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - September 1, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Flu / Cold / SARS Source Type: news

Assessment of cell surface properties and adhesion potential of selected probiotic strainsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The results suggest that Bif. longum B6 and Lact. rhamnosus GG can be candidate probiotics available for human consumption.Significance and Impact of the Study: Because the use of probiotic strains has been more concerned with their beneficial effects in the GI tract, it is essential to examine the potential of probiotic strains based on the physicochemical properties in terms of bacterial-binding and adhesion capabilities. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)
Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: H. Xu, H.S. Jeong, H.Y. Lee, J. Ahn Source Type: journals

A Multiplexed Bead-based Mesofluidic System for Foodborne Pathogen Bacteria Detection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, a simple and rapid multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system (BMS) has been developed for the simultaneous detection of foodborne pathogen bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Enterobacter sakazakii, Shigella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter jejuni. This system is based on utilization of isothiocyanate-modified microbeads with 250 microm in diameter, which were immobilized with specific amino-modified oligonucleotide probes and placed orderly in the PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) microchannels. PCR products from the studie...
Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jin SQ, Yin BC, Ye BC Tags: Appl Environ Microbiol Source Type: journals

Clinical practiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) includes the triad of haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. The classical form [D(+) HUS] is caused by infectious agents, and it is a common cause of acute renal failure in children. The enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli-producing Shiga toxin (Stx) is the most common infectious agent causing HUS. Other infectious agents are Shigella and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infections by S. pneumoniae can be particularly severe and has a higher acute mortality and a higher long-term morbidity compared to HUS by Stx. Atypical HUS [D(−)Stx(−)HUS]...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - August 25, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Tags: European Journal of Pediatrics Source Type: journals

Winchester Beachgoers Develop DysenteryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A Winchester beach has been closed down after several beach visitors got a bacterial infection. Shannon Beach and the adjacent playground were closed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation on Friday. (Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire)
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - August 21, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: consumer

[Original articles] Bulging fontanelle in febrile infants: is lumbar puncture mandatory?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In this large cohort, all infants who appeared well on admission and had normal clinical, laboratory and imaging studies had benign (non-bacterial) disease. In an infant who appears well and has no evidence of bacterial disease, it is reasonable to observe the infant and withhold lumbar puncture. Prospective studies should be carried out to confirm this approach. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - August 20, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Shacham, S, Kozer, E, Bahat, H, Mordish, Y, Goldman, M Tags: Infection (gastroenterology), Urology, Foodborne infections, Meningitis, Otitis, Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Infection (neurology), Renal medicine, Pneumonia (respiratory medicine), Dermatology, Ear, nose and throa Source Type: journals

"More fatal than powder and shot": dysentery in the u.s. Army during the mexican war, 1846-48.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: In terms of deaths due to disease, the Mexican War (1846-48) was the deadliest of all American wars. Nearly 13% of the entire U.S. force perished from disease. Of the total 12,535 war deaths, 10,986 (88%) were due to infectious diseases (overwhelmingly dysentery, both bacterial and amoebic); seven men died from disease for every man killed by Mexican musket balls. Camp pollution was the greatest error committed by U.S. troops in the Mexican War. The indifference of line officers and recruits to the need for proper sanitation and military hygiene fueled the dysentery outbreaks, and the poor conditions in milit...
Source: Perspectives in Biology and Medicine - August 19, 2009 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: Perspect Biol Med Source Type: journals

Shigella phagocytic vacuolar membrane remnants participate in the cellular response to pathogen invasion and are regulated by autophagy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intracellular pathogens like Shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. Once inside, the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. The fate and function of the vacuolar membrane remnants are not clear. Examining Shigella-infected nonmyeloid cells, we observed that proteins associated with vacuolar membrane remnants are polyubiquinated, recruit the autophagy marker LC3 and adaptor p62, and are targeted to autophagic degradation. Further, inflammasome components and caspase-1 were localized to these membranes and correlated with dampened inflammatory response and necrotic cell death. In Atg4B m...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - August 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dupont N, Lacas-Gervais S, Bertout J, Paz I, Freche B, Van Nhieu GT, van der Goot FG, Sansonetti PJ, Lafont F Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: journals

Bacterial jailbreak sounds cellular alarm: phagosome membrane remnants trigger signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Shigella flexneri and other invasive bacteria rupture the phagosome membrane and escape to the host cytoplasm. Now, Dupont et al. address the fate and signaling functions of pathogen vacuole remnants and show that these membrane fragments trigger host-cell-signaling responses, including polyubiquitination, autophagy, and pyroptosis. PMID: 19683675 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Host and Microbe)
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - August 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hilbi H Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: journals

Intuitionistic fuzzy set vs. fuzzy set application in medical pattern recognitionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our investigation shows that both frameworks have powerful capabilities to cope with the uncertainty in the medical pattern recognition problems. But, IFSs yield better detection rate as a result of more accurate modeling which is involved with incurring more computational cost. Our research also shows that among different IFS similarity measures, IFS Hausdorf and Mitchel ones score the best results. (Source: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine)
Source: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - August 13, 2009 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Vahid Khatibi, Gholam Ali Montazer Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine bacteria that inhibit the growth of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in vitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Three porcine strains of Ent. faecium, Bif. thermophilum and B. subtilis were found to be suitable as probiotic candidates because of their well-established identity, antibiotic susceptibility and antagonistic activity.Significance and Impact of the Study: For the first time, antagonistic activity of well-characterized porcine strains against Brach. hyodysenteriae is presented. These findings suggest that certain intestinal strains might have a potential as probiotic feed additives for prevention of swine dysentery. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology - August 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: V. Klose, R. Bruckbeck, S. Henikl, G. Schatzmayr, A.P. Loibner Source Type: journals

The Sweet Art of HealingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(NaturalNews) Jerome, a 53-year-old high school teacher, was in the hospital awaiting amputation of his left leg. He'd been receiving IV antibiotics to treat a diabetic ulcer, a wide, oozing open wound on his ankle, but this didn't halt the steady advance of gangrene, and he was told they had no choice but to take his leg.About five hours before he was scheduled for surgery, Jerome talked to the teacher who was substituting for him to tell him he'd probably be out for the rest of the year. The substitute had heard about the Whitaker Wellness Institute and the work we do here, so he suggested that Jerome check us out. Jerom...
Source: NaturalNews.com - August 10, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Corrigendum: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Shigella T3SS transmembrane regions reveals 12-fold symmetry and novel features throughoutEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 16, 897 (2009). doi:10.1038/nsmb0809-897b Author: Julie L Hodgkinson, Ashley Horsley, David Stabat, Martha Simon, Steven Johnson, Paula C A da Fonseca, Edward P Morris, Joseph S Wall, Susan M Lea & Ariel J Blocker (Source: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology)
Source: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology - August 5, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Julie L HodgkinsonAshley HorsleyDavid StabatMartha SimonSteven JohnsonPaula C A da FonsecaEdward P MorrisJoseph S WallSusan M LeaAriel J Blocker Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: journals

Uganda: Kasese Lacks Proper SewerageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Kasese Town Council health inspector, Louis Muhwezi, has said the town's lack of a sewerage system has caused the residents to suffer from water-borne diseases like dysentery and cholera. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)
Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine - August 3, 2009 Category: African Health Source Type: news

Differential expression of enteric neuroimmune-network in invasive and acute watery diarrhoeaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We aimed to evaluate the changes of nerve morphology and distribution of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the rectum of Shigella flexneri-infected patients and in the duodenum of Vibrio cholerae O1-infected patients. Nerve morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity of nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructural analysis of intestinal biopsy revealed persisting axons degeneration throughout the study period in all patients. Regeneration was already evident at the acute stage with marked incre...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: p. sarker, t. r. bhuiyan, f. qadri, n. h. alam, b. wretlind, a. e. bishop, m. mathan, b. agerberth, j. andersson, r. raqib Source Type: journals

Purification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of Shigella flexneri 2a.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study we purified 34kDa major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Shigella flexneri 2a for the first time, which was cross-reactive and antigenically conserved among Shigella spp. and the epitope was surface exposed on the intact bacterium. The purified antigen was found to be glycosylated, which aids in binding to macrophages and up-regulated the production of nitric oxide, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and IL-12p70, indicating that the MOMP is immunogenic and has the ability to commence protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens, thereby it may be considered as a potential vaccine...
Source: Vaccine - August 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pore D, Chowdhury P, Mahata N, Pal A, Yamasaki S, Mahalanabis D, Chakrabarti MK Tags: Vaccine Source Type: journals