Gastroenteritis This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

First Report of OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Japan from a Patient Returned from Southeast Asia.
PMID: 23429093 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 1, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nagano N, Endoh Y, Nagano Y, Toyama M, Matsui M, Shibayama K, Arakawa Y Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: research

Phenotypic and Genetic Analyses of Campylobacter jejuni Lior Serotype 76 Isolated from Chicken Meat and Clinical Specimens.
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the link between Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from chicken meat (n = 7) and gastroenteritis patients (n = 744). In total, 751 isolates were subjected to Lior serotyping. All the isolates from chicken meats were serotyped as Lior serotype 76 (LIO76). Among 23 of the identified LIO76 strains, 13 strains (6 from chicken meat and 7 from clinical specimens) were indistinguishable by Penner serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These strains were isolated in 2 different Japanese prefectures in 2004-2005, suggesting t...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 1, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Matsumoto M, Hiramatsu R, Yamada K, Suzuki M, Miwa Y, Yabutani M, Nagai Y, Tsuchiya M, Noda M, Nagata A, Kawakami K, Shima T, Tatsumi N, Minagawa H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: research

In vitro biological effects of two anti-diabetic medicinal plants used in Benin as folk medicine
Conclusion: The results showed that the semi alcoholic extract of the two studied plants possess alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, antioxidant potency, and low antibacterial effect. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - March 1, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Fifa BothonEric DebitonFelicien AvlessiChristiane ForestierJean-Claude TeuladeDominique Sohounhloue Source Type: research

Modified bacteria turn waste into fat for fuel
(Rice University) Genetically engineered E. coli bacteria developed at Rice University turn biomass from plant waste into fatty acids in a project sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture. The acids can then be turned into synthetic fuel or lubricants. (Source: EurekAlert! - Biology)
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - February 28, 2013 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Coproporphyrin III excretion identifies the anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase HemN as a copper target in the Cu+‐ATPase mutant copA‐ of Rubrivivax gelatinosus.
Summary Two genes encoding structurally similar Copper P1B‐type ATPases can be identified in several genomes. Notwithstanding the high sequence and structural similarities these ATPases held, it has been suggested that they fulfill distinct physiological roles. In deed, we have shown that the Cu+‐ATPase CtpA is required only for the activity of cuproproteins in the purple bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus; herein, we show that CopA is not directly required for cytochrome c oxidase but is vital for copper tolerance. Interestingly, excess copper in the copA‐ mutant resulted in a substantial decrease of the cytochrome c ...
Source: Molecular Microbiology - February 28, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Asma Azzouzi, Anne Soisig Steunou, Anne Durand, Bahia Khalfaoui‐Hassani, Marie‐line Bourbon, Chantal Astier, David W. Bollivar, Soufian Ouchane Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Correction to “EPR Spectroscopic Studies of the Fe–S Clusters in the O2-Tolerant [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Hyd-1 from Escherichia coli and Characterization of the Unique [4Fe–3S] Cluster by HYSCORE”
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/ja312695k (Source: Journal of the American Chemical Society)
Source: Journal of the American Chemical Society - February 27, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Maxie M. Roessler, Rhiannon M. Evans, Rosalind A. Davies, Jeffrey Harmer and Fraser A. Armstrong Source Type: research

A retrospective study of secondary bacteraemia in hospitalised adults with community acquired non-typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis
Conclusions: In this study secondary bacteraemia, as well as other clinical factors, was independently associated with a complicated or fatal course in non-HIV infected adults admitted to hospital with NTS gastroenteritis. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - February 27, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Christopher ParrySherine ThomasEsther AspinallRichard CookeStephen RogersonAnthony HarriesNicholas Beeching Source Type: research

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase: A weapon for the newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria
Sanghamitra PadhiIndian Journal of Medical Sciences 2011 65(8):317-320The world has seen the emergence of many micro-organisms in the recent past, which can curb human population with their newly built genetic make-up. The latest addition to this list of panic creating organisms is, bacteria encoding the gene for New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1). NDM-1 is an enzyme that can hydrolyze and inactivate carbapenems, which are used as a last resort for the treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infections. Names of these bacteria were not found in the medical literature before December 2009, because of which it can take ...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences - February 27, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Sanghamitra Padhi Source Type: research

Emergence and control of multidrug resistant organisms in small cities in India: A wake up call
Conclusions: Only with the combined efforts of the local laboratories and clinicians, the looming threat of the pandrug resistant organisms in small cities can be avoided. However, more such studies are required from both clinicians and laboratory health care professionals in order to arrive at a common consensus, and uniformity can be brought about in the community regarding prescription practices. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences - February 27, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Pavaman V BhatAnisha Sarkar Source Type: research

A time series study of gastroenteritis and tap water quality in the Nantes area, France, 2002–2007
A time series study of gastroenteritis and tap water quality in the Nantes area, France, 2002–2007 Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, February 27 2013. doi:10.1038/jes.2013.5 Authors: Pascal Beaudeau, Abdelkrim Zeghnoun, Magali Corso, Agnès Lefranc & Loïc Rambaud (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology - February 27, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Pascal BeaudeauAbdelkrim ZeghnounMagali CorsoAgnès LefrancLoïc Rambaud Tags: drinking water turbidity gastroenteritis river time series study France Source Type: research

Expression, purification and biochemical characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mcm4, 6 and 7
Conclusions: Based on our results and those of others, models were proposed for the subunit arrangement and architecture of both the Mcm4/6/7 hexamer and the Mcm2-7 double-hexamer. (Source: BMC Biochemistry)
Source: BMC Biochemistry - February 27, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Meng XuY ChangXiaojiang Chen Source Type: research

Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of N-acetylneuraminate lyase from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
The enzyme N-acetylneuraminate lyase (EC 4.1.3.3) is involved in the metabolism of sialic acids. Specifically, the enzyme catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of N-acetylneuraminic acid to form N-acetyl-d-mannosamine and pyruvate. Sialic acids comprise a large family of nine-carbon amino sugars, all of which are derived from the parent compound N-acetylneuraminic acid. In recent years, N-acetylneuraminate lyase has received considerable attention from both mechanistic and structural viewpoints and has been recognized as a potential antimicrobial drug target. The N-acetylneuraminate lyase gene was cloned from methicillin-resi...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 27, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: North, R.A.Kessans, S.A.Atkinson, S.C.Suzuki, H.Watson, A.J.A.Burgess, B.R.Angley, L.M.Hudson, A.O.Varsani, A.Griffin, M.D.W.Fairbanks, A.J.Dobson, R.C.J. Tags: antibiotic resistance N-acetylneuraminate lyase NAL sialic acid metabolism Staphylococcus aureus MRSA crystallization communications Source Type: research

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330
The NAD(P)H-dependent carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330 catalyses the asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-phenyl-2-oxobutanoate to ethyl (R)-4-phenyl-2-hydroxybutanoate, a precursor of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors such as Cilazapril and Benazepril. The carbonyl reductase was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GST-affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Crystals were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method and diffracted to 1.86 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contained two molecules of carbonyl reductase, with a solvent content of 48%. The structure was solved b...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 27, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Aggarwal, N.Mandal, P.K.Gautham, N.Chadha, A. Tags: carbonyl reductase alcohol dehydrogenase enantioselectivity Candida parapsilosis crystallization communications Source Type: research

Heterologous expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Trichoderma reesei xylanase II and four variants
Xylanase II from Trichoderma reesei catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in xylan. Crystallographic studies of this commercially important enzyme have been initiated to investigate its reaction mechanism, substrate binding and dependence on basic pH conditions. The wild-type protein was heterologously expressed in an Escherichia coli host using the defined medium and four active-site amino acids were replaced to abolish its activity (E177Q and E86Q) or to change its pH optimum (N44D and N44H). Cation-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography were used to obtain >90% protein purity. The ligand-free proteins and var...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 27, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wan, Q.Kovalevsky, A.Zhang, Q.Hamilton-Brehm, S.Upton, R.Weiss, K.L.Mustyakimov, M.Graham, D.Coates, L.Langan, P. Tags: xylanase II Trichoderma reesei crystallization communications Source Type: research

Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase from Escherichia coli
Octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (OPPs), which belongs to the E-type prenyltransferase family, catalyses the successive condensation of farnesyl pyrophosphate with five isopentenyl pyrophosphate molecules to form trans-C40-octaprenyl pyrophosphate (OPP). OPP is essential for the biosynthesis of bacterial ubiquinone or menaquinone side chains, which play an important role in the electron-transport system. Here, Escherichia coli OPPs was expressed, purified and crystallized. The crystals, which belonged to the orthorhombic space group P21212, with unit-cell parameters a = 117.0, b = 128.4, c = 46.4 Å, were obtained by th...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 27, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li, X.Han, X.Ko, T.-P.Chen, C.-C.Zhu, Z.Hua, E.Guo, R.-T.Huang, C.-H. Tags: prenyltransferase octaprenyl pyrophosphate octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase Escherichia coli crystallization communications Source Type: research

High level production of tyrosinase in recombinant Escherichia coli
Conclusions: We have successfully expressed and produced gram quantities per liter of active tyrosinase in recombinant E. coli by optimizing of the expression conditions and fed-batch cultivation strategy. Exponential feed of substrate helped to prolong the exponential phase of growth, to reduce the fermentation time and thus the cost. A specific tyrosinase production rate of 103 mg L-1 h-1 and a maximum volumetric activity of 464 mU L-1 h-1 were achieved in this study. These levels have not been reported previously. (Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles - February 27, 2013 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Qun RenBernhard HenesMichael FairheadLinda Thöny-Meyer Source Type: research

Batch production of a silk-elastin-like protein in E. coli BL21(DE3): key parameters for optimisation
Conclusions: We have identified the optimal conditions for the shake flask production of a novel SELP with the final production levels obtained being the highest reported to date. While this study is focused on SELPs, we believe that it could also be of general interest to any study where the pET (ampicillin selective marker)-E. coli BL21(DE3) expression system is used. In particular, we show that induction time is critical in this system with, in contrast to that which is generally believed, optimal production being obtained by induction at the beginning of the stationary phase. Furthermore, we believe that we are at or n...
Source: Microbial Cell Factories - February 27, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tony CollinsJoão Azevedo-SilvaAndré CostaFernando BrancaRaul MachadoMargarida Casal Source Type: research

Blomia tropicalis Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 recombinant allergens might confer higher specificity to serodiagnostic assays than whole mite extract
Conclusions: The rBlo t 5 and rBlo t 21 allergens contain important epitopes recognized by IgE antibodies of individuals allergic to B. tropicalis antigens. Moreover, the assays using the recombinant allergens had lower IgE cross-reactivity with A. lumbricoides antigens, a fact which would confers higher specificity to serodiagnostic assays than the crude mite extract. However, additional recombinant allergens should be evaluated in order to reach the same sensitivity of the commercially available assays based on mite extract. (Source: BMC Immunology)
Source: BMC Immunology - February 27, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kellyanne dos CarvalhoOswaldo de Melo-NetoFranklin MagalhãesJoão PonteFilipe FelipeMariese dos SantosGivaneide dos Santos LimaÁlvaro CruzCarina PinheiroLain de Pontes CarvalhoNeuza Alcântara Neves Source Type: research

Immunogenicity and Contraceptive Efficacy of Escherichia coli‐Expressed Recombinant Porcine Zona Pellucida Proteins
ConclusionAvailability of recombinant porcine proteins will be useful in the development of contraceptive vaccine. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology)
Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology - February 27, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Neha Gupta, Kausiki Chakrabarti, Krishna Prakash, Neerja Wadhwa, Tripti Gupta, Satish K. Gupta Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers in an Algerian University Hospital
The objective of the study was to explore ecological data and epidemiological characteristics of S. aureus strains isolated from DFI in an Algerian hospital setting. Patients were included if they were admitted for DFI in the department of Diabetology at the Annaba University Hospital from April 2011 to March 2012. Ulcers were classified, according to the IDSA‐IWGDF classification system. All S. aureus isolates were analyzed. Using oligonucleotide arrays, S. aureus resistance and virulence genes were determined and each isolate was affiliated to a clonal complex. Among the 128 patients, 277 strains were isolated from 18...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - February 26, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nassima Djahmi, Nourredine Messad, Sabrina Nedjai, Amel Moussaoui, Dekhil Mazouz, Jean‐Louis Richard, Albert Sotto, Jean‐Philippe Lavigne Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Dysfunctions at human intestinal barrier by water‐borne protozoan parasites: Lessons from cultured human fully‐differentiated colon cancer cell lines
Summary Some water‐borne protozoan parasites induce diseases through their membrane‐associated functional structures and virulence factors that hijack the host cellular molecules and signaling pathways leading to structural and functional lesions in the intestinal barrier. In this MicroReview we analyze the insights on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of Entamoeba intestinalis, Giardia, and Crysptosopridium observed in the human colon carcinoma fully‐differentiated colon cancer cell lines, cell subpopulations, and clones expressing the structural and functional characteristics of highly specialized fully‐differentiat...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - February 26, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Vanessa Liévin‐Le Moal Tags: Microreview Source Type: research

Maltoheptaose Promotes Nanoparticle Internalization by Escherichia coli
We report that nanoparticles conjugated with D-maltoheptaose showed a striking increase in the surface adherence and internalization by Escherichia coli. This applies to silica nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles)
Source: RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles - February 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Surangi Jayawardena Source Type: research

Ciprofloxacin: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura due to Escherichia coli O104:H4: case report
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - February 26, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

The social ecology of water in a Mumbai slum: failures in water quality, quantity, and reliability
Conclusions: Our findings reveal severe deficiencies in water-related health and social equity indicators. All bacterial contamination of drinking water occurred due to post-source contamination during storage in the household, except during the monsoon season, when there was some point-of-source water contamination. This suggests that safe storage and household water treatment interventions may improve water quality in slums. Problems of exorbitant expense, inadequate quantity, and poor point-of-source quality can only be remedied by providing unrecognized slums with equitable access to municipal water supplies. (Source: ...
Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles - February 26, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Ramnath SubbaramanShrutika ShitoleTejal ShitoleKiran SawantJennifer O¿BrienDavid BloomAnita Patil-Deshmukh Source Type: research

Bolus fluid therapy and sodium homeostasis in paediatric gastroenteritis
ConclusionsLarge‐volume bolus rehydration therapy with 0.9% saline is safe. It does not promote the development of hyponatraemia over the short term, but hastens the resolution of baseline hyponatraemia. (Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health - February 26, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Stephen B Freedman, Denis F Geary Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Effects of Social Status and Stress on Patterns of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Wild White‐Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar)
ABSTRACT Although gibbons (family Hylobatidae) are typically monogamous, polyandrous groups occur regularly. Stress associated with elevated intragroup competition among males in polyandrous groups may increase susceptibility to infectious disease. To better understand this interplay, as well as to provide the first comprehensive assessment of parasitism in free‐ranging gibbons, we characterized the richness of gastrointestinal parasites and examined their prevalence in males from 14 groups (10 pair‐living, 4 multi‐male) of white‐handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. From September 200...
Source: American Journal of Physical Anthropology - February 26, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Thomas R. Gillespie, Claudia Barelli, Michael Heistermann Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

O-antigen structure of Shigella flexneri serotype Yv and effect of the lpt-O gene variation on phosphoethanolamine modification of S. flexneri O-antigens
In this study, we elucidated the O-antigen structure of serotype Yv, another MASF IV-1-positive novel variant of S. flexneri. The serotype Yv O-antigen has the same basic carbohydrate backbone structure as that of the "classical" serotype Y, but differs in the presence of PEtN at position 3 of RhaIII (major) or both RhaII and RhaIII (minor). This pattern is similar to that of serotype 4av, but different from the pattern of serotype Xv, which is characterized by major PEtN modification on RhaII. In serotype Yv, mono- and bisphosphorylated O-units generate a block-copolymeric structure, the former being partially O-acetylate...
Source: Glycobiology - February 25, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Knirel, Y. A., Lan, R., Senchenkova, S. N., Wang, J., Shashkov, A. S., Wang, Y., Perepelov, A. V., Xiong, Y., Xu, J., Sun, Q. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Molecular monitoring of Escherichia coli O157: H7 sterilization rate using qPCR and propidium monoazide treatment
This study demonstrated that PMA‐qPCR technique is very effective to monitor viable E. coli O157:H7 after sterilization and will help to monitor the viable bacteria in food and water. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)
Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology - February 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: X. Xing‐long, L. Cong‐cong, Q. Yang, Y. Yi‐gang, W. Hui Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Evidence for the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecG helicase in DNA repair and recombination
In this study, we show that M. tuberculosis RecG expression was induced in response to different genotoxic agents. Strikingly, expression of M. tuberculosis RecG in Escherichia coli ∆recG mutant strain provided protection against MMC, MMS and UV‐induced cell death. Purified M. tuberculosis RecG exhibited higher binding affinity for the Holliday junction (HJ) as compared to a number of canonical recombinational DNA repair intermediates. Notably, although MtRecG binds at the core of the mobile and immobile Holliday junctions, and with higher binding affinity for the immobile junction, branch migration was evident only in...
Source: FEBS Journal - February 25, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Roshan Singh Thakur, Shivakumar Basavaraju, Kumar Somyajit, Akshatha Jain, Shreelakshmi Subramanya, K. Muniyappa, Ganesh Nagaraju Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Benzimidazole Analogues of L‐Tryptophan are Substrates and Inhibitors of Tryptophan Indole‐Lyase from Escherichia coli
Abstract Tryptophan indole‐lyase (TIL), an enzyme found in Escherichia coli and related enterobacteria, produces indole from L‐Trp. Indole is a signaling molecule in bacteria, affecting biofilm formation, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance. β‐(Benzimidazol‐1‐yl)‐L‐alanine (BZI‐Ala), 2‐amino‐4‐(benzimidazol‐1‐yl)butyric acid (homo‐BZI‐Ala), and 2‐amino‐5‐(benzimidazol‐1‐yl)pentanoic acid (bishomo‐BZI‐Ala) were synthesized and tested as substrates and inhibitors of TIL. BZI‐Ala is a good substrate of TIL, with Km, = 300 μM, kcat = 5.6 s‐1, and kcat/Km = 1.9 x 104, simil...
Source: FEBS Journal - February 25, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Austin P. Harris, Robert S. Phillips Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Lectin sensitized anisotropic silver nanoparticles for detection of some bacteria.
Abstract A method of bacteria detection by sensitized anisotropic silver nanoparticles is presented. Anisotropic silver nanoparticles with two bands of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are prepared and sensitized with potato lectin. These nanoparticles are able to detect three bacterial species: Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The interaction of these bacteria with such nanoparticles induces drastic changes in optical spectra of nanoparticles that are correlated with bacteria titer. The maximal sensitivity is observed for S. aureus (up to 1.5×10(4)mL(-1)). PMID: 23427804 [PubMed -...
Source: Analytica Chimica Acta - February 24, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Gasparyan VK, Bazukyan IL Tags: Anal Chim Acta Source Type: research

Development of ELISAs for the Detection of Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Targeting the pORF5 Protein.
CONCLUSION: Two DAS-ELISAs were developed in this study that provided a feasible and effective assay that could be considered alternative tools for the serodiagnosis of C. trachomatis infection. PMID: 23425799 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES)
Source: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES - February 24, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Li ZY, Huang QL, Su SM, Zhong GM, Wu YM Tags: Biomed Environ Sci Source Type: research

Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: some remarks about wound infection
This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens present in infected wounds and characterise their resistance profile to the most common antibiotics used in therapy. Three hundred and twelve wound swab samples were collected from 213 patients and analysed for the identification of microorganisms and for the determination of their antibiotic susceptibility. Patients with diverse type of wounds were included in this retrospective study, carried out from March to September 2012. A total of 28 species were isolated from 217 infected wounds. The most common bacterial species detected was Staphylococcus aureus (37%), followe...
Source: International Wound Journal - February 24, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: Lucinda J Bessa, Paolo Fazii, Mara Di Giulio, Luigina Cellini Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of cPOP1
In this study, cPOP1, corresponding to amino acids 1–87, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli using an engineered C-terminal polyhistidine tag. cPOP1 was then purified to homogeneity and crystallized at 293 K. Finally, X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 3.6 Å from a crystal belonging to the cubic space group P213 with unit-cell parameters a = b = c = 94.12 Å, α = β = γ = 90.00°. (Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F)
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 23, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Do, K.H.Park, H.H. Tags: inflammation inflammasome cPOP1 crystallization communications Source Type: research

Cyclic parenteral nutrition does not change the intestinal microbiota in patients with short bowel syndrome.
CONCLUSION: Despite the massive removal of the small bowel, frequent use of antibiotics, immune system depression, presence of non-digested food in the gastrointestinal tract, and accelerated intestinal transit, the ratio between intestinal bacterial species remain similar to normality. PMID: 23381820 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)
Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira - February 22, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: Furtado Ede C, Marchini JS, Fonseca CK, Coelho PS, Menegueti MG, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Basile-Filho A, Suen VM Tags: Acta Cir Bras Source Type: research

Therapeutic low-intensity red laser for herpes labialis on plasmid survival and bacterial transformation
, 2013, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C3PP25394E, PaperLuiz Philippe Silva Sergio, Roberta Silva Marciano, Gleica Rocha Teixeira, Keila Silva Canuto, Giovanni Augusto Castanheira Polignano, Oscar Roberto Guimaraes, Mauro Geller, Flavia Paoli, Adenilson Souza FonsecaLow-intensity laser is used in treating herpes labialis based on biostimulative effect, albeit the photobiological basis is not well understood. In this work experimental models based on Escherichia coli cultures...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. latest articles)
Source: RSC - Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. latest articles - February 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Luiz Philippe Silva Sergio Source Type: research

Stressed Bacteria Become Resistant To Antibiotics
Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics when stressed, finds research published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Evolutionary Biology. In particular E. coli grown at high temperatures become resistant to rifampicin. It is generally thought that antibiotic resistance is costly to maintain, for example mutations which reduce antibiotic uptake also restrict the amount of nutrients entering the cell. Consequently in the absence of antibiotics non-resistant bacteria will out-compete the resistant ones... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 22, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses Source Type: news

Structure of Vibrio cholerae ribosome hibernation promoting factor
The X-ray crystal structure of ribosome hibernation promoting factor (HPF) from Vibrio cholerae is presented at 2.0 Å resolution. The crystal was phased by two-wavelength MAD using cocrystallized cobalt. The asymmetric unit contained two molecules of HPF linked by four Co atoms. The metal-binding sites observed in the crystal are probably not related to biological function. The structure of HPF has a typical β–α–β–β–β–α fold consistent with previous structures of YfiA and HPF from Escherichia coli. Comparison of the new structure with that of HPF from E. coli bound to the Thermus thermophilus ribosome [P...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: De Bari, H.Berry, E.A. Tags: Vibrio cholerae ribosome hibernation hibernation promotion factor ribosome-binding proteins stationary phase cold shock MAD cobalt metal-binding site structural communications Source Type: research

Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the marine α-amylase AmyP
AmyP is a raw-starch-degrading α-amylase newly identified from a marine metagenome library. It shares low sequence similarity with characterized glycoside hydrolases and was classified into a new subfamily of GH13. In particular, it showed preferential degradation to raw rice starch. Full-length AmyP was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, then purified and crystallized in the presence of its substrate analogue β-cyclodextrin. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.1 Å. The crystal belonged to space group P21212, with unit-cell parameters a = 129.824, b = 215.534, c = 79.699 Å, α = β...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - February 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yu, J.Wang, C.Hu, Y.Dong, Y.Wang, Y.Tu, X.Peng, H.Zhang, X. Tags: AmyP α -amylase crystallization communications Source Type: research

Evolution of Escherichia coli rifampicin resistance in an antibiotic-free environment during thermal stress
E. coli can develop resistance to the antibiotic rifampicin, even in the absence of the drug, if grown in a thermally stressed environment, suggesting that antibiotic resistance is not always costly for bacteria to maintain. (Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - February 22, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Alejandra Rodríguez-VerdugoBrandon GautOlivier Tenaillon Source Type: research

Isolation, molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from buffalo in India
Abstract In total, 363 Escherichia coli were isolated from 165 faecal samples of healthy buffaloes in West Bengal, India. Twenty‐four of these isolates (6·61%) were found to carry at least one gene characteristic for Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC). These STEC strains belonged to 13 different O‐serogroups. The stx1 gene was present in 23 (95·8%) of total STEC isolates, whereas 20 (83·3%) STEC isolates carried the gene stx2. Twelve strains of E. coli (50% of total STEC isolates) possessed enterohaemolysin (ehxA) gene in combination with others. Fourteen (58·33%) isolates found to possess saa gene. H...
Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology - February 22, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: A. Mahanti, I. Samanta, S. Bandopaddhay, S.N. Joardar, T.K. Dutta, S. Batabyal, T.K. Sar, D.P. Isore Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Tumour suppressors: FAT loss lets WNT get active
Nature Reviews Cancer 13, 149 (2013). doi:10.1038/nrc3479 Author: Sarah Seton-Rogers WNT signalling is activated in some cancers by mutation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or β-catenin (CTNNB1). However, the mechanism of WNT pathway activation in cancers that do not carry these alterations is unclear. Morris et al. found recurrent somatic (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - February 22, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah Seton-Rogers Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Sex- and age-specific trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli urinary isolates from outpatients
Conclusions: We did not observe clinically meaningful differences in antibiotic susceptibility to common urinary anti-infectives among E. coli isolated from males versus females. These data suggest that male sex alone should not be used as an indication for empiric use of second-line broad-spectrum antibiotic agents for the treatment of UTIs. (Source: BMC Family Practice)
Source: BMC Family Practice - February 22, 2013 Category: Primary Care Authors: Jessina McGregorMiriam ElmanDavid BeardenDavid Smith Source Type: research

A direct proofreader–clamp interaction stabilizes the Pol III replicase in the polymerization mode
The EMBO Journal. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.347 Authors: Slobodan Jergic, Nicholas P Horan, Mohamed M Elshenawy, Claire E Mason, Thitima Urathamakul, Kiyoshi Ozawa, Andrew Robinson, Joris M H Goudsmits, Yao Wang, Xuefeng Pan, Jennifer L Beck, Antoine M van Oijen, Thomas Huber, Samir M Hamdan & Nicholas E Dixon (Source: The EMBO Journal AOP)
Source: The EMBO Journal AOP - February 22, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Slobodan JergicNicholas P HoranMohamed M ElshenawyClaire E MasonThitima UrathamakulKiyoshi OzawaAndrew RobinsonJoris M H GoudsmitsYao WangXuefeng PanJennifer L BeckAntoine M van OijenThomas HuberSamir M HamdanNicholas E Dixon Tags: beta sliding clamp DNA polymerase III DNA replication Escherichia coli proofreading exonuclease Article Source Type: research

Unexpectedly rapid IS1 transposition into an Arabidopsis chromatin remodeling gene.
Abstract Common cloning is often associated with instability of certain classes of DNA. Here we report on IS1 transposition as possible source of such instability. During the cloning of Arabidopsis thaliana gene into commercially available vector maintained in widely used Escherichia coli host the insertion of complete IS1 element into the intron of cloned gene was found. The transposition of the IS1 element was remarkably rapid and is likely to be sequence-specific. The use of E. coli strains that lower the copy number of vector or avoiding the presence of the problematic sequence is a solution to the inadvertent ...
Source: Transgenic Research - February 22, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Rogowski KJ, Folta A, Bargsten JW, Nap JP, Mlynarova L Tags: Transgenic Res Source Type: research

TFLK-containing 10-Mer BP Enhances MUC3 Expression [Microbiology]
We investigated whether a synthetic tetrameric branched peptide based on the conserved TFLK motif from mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) is more efficient than the monomeric peptide at up-regulating MUC3 expression and examined the possible mechanism(s) and biological significance of this process. We used standard solid-phase methods to synthesize a tetrameric branched peptide (sequence GWLTFLKAAG) containing a trilysine core, termed the TFLK-containing 10-mer BP. The aberrant expression of transcription factors was analyzed using a transcription factor protein/DNA array. MUC3 and relevant transcription factors ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Pan, Q., Tian, Y., Li, X., Ye, J., Liu, Y., Song, L., Yang, Y., Zhu, R., He, Y., Chen, L., Chen, W., Mao, X., Peng, Z., Wang, R. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Role of TusA in Synthesis of Sulfur-containing Cofactors [Microbiology]
We present a model in which we propose that the direction of sulfur transfer for each sulfur-containing biomolecule is regulated by the availability of the interaction partner of IscS. We propose that in the absence of TusA, more IscS is available for FeS cluster biosynthesis and that the overproduction of FeS clusters leads to a modified expression of several genes. (Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry)
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dahl, J.–U., Radon, C., Buhning, M., Nimtz, M., Leichert, L. I., Denis, Y., Jourlin–Castelli, C., Iobbi–Nivol, C., Me&jnodot;ean, V., Leimkuhler, S. Tags: Enzymology Source Type: research

Mutants Resistant to LpxC Inhibitors Rebalance Homeostasis [Lipids]
LpxC, the deacetylase that catalyzes the second and committed step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, is an essential enzyme in virtually all Gram-negative bacteria and is one of the most promising antibiotic targets for treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Despite the rapid development of LpxC-targeting antibiotics, the potential mechanisms of bacterial resistance to LpxC inhibitors remain poorly understood. Here, we report the isolation and biochemical characterization of spontaneously arising E. coli mutants that are over 200-fold more resistant to LpxC inhibitors than the wild-type strai...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zeng, D., Zhao, J., Chung, H. S., Guan, Z., Raetz, C. R. H., Zhou, P. Tags: Lipids Source Type: research

Robustness in IDH Regulation [Enzymology]
In this study, we use extensive biochemical data and algebraic modeling to develop and analyze a model that shows how robust behavior arises in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) regulatory system of Escherichia coli, which was shown in 1985 to experimentally exhibit robustness. E. coli IDH is regulated by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by the bifunctional isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase (IDHKP), and the level of IDH activity determines whether carbon flux is directed through the glyoxylate bypass (for growth on two-carbon substrates) or the full tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our model, which incorporates rec...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dexter, J. P., Gunawardena, J. Tags: Computational Biology Source Type: research

Lipid-Protein Interaction as Structure/Function Determinant [Lipids]
Energy-dependent uphill transport but not energy-independent downhill transport by lactose permease (LacY) is impaired when expressed in Escherichia coli cells or reconstituted in liposomes lacking phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and containing only anionic phospholipids. The absence of PE results in inversion of the N-terminal half and misfolding of periplasmic domain P7, which are required for uphill transport of substrates. Replacement of PE in vitro by lipids with no net charge (phosphatidylcholine (PC), monoglucosyl diacylglycerol (GlcDAG), or diglucosyl diacylglycerol (GlcGlcDAG)) supported wild type transmembrane topo...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Vitrac, H., Bogdanov, M., Dowhan, W. Tags: Membrane Biology Source Type: research