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ResponseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Infection with rotavirus, a common pathogen for gastroenteritis in children, is occasionally associated with central nervous system involvement, manifesting from benign afebrile convulsion to lethal encephalopathy or encephalitis . We appreciate that Kato et al. have presented an additional case of rotavirus infection associated with transient splenial lesion of corpus callosum. Although the case we recently reported and their case exhibited different central nervous system manifestations, both cases share a similar change on the splenium of the corpus callosum during rotavirus infection, and both patients recovered within...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - November 20, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Seiji Fukuda, Takeshi Taketani, Seiji Yamaguchi Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-8 in healthy and inflamed dental pulpsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
After aggression to the dental pulp, some cells produce cytokines in order to start and control the inflammatory process. Among these cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) emerge as important ones. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the location, distribution and concentration of these cytokines in healthy and inflamed dental pulps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty pulps, obtained from healthy third molars (n=10) and from pulpectomies (n=10) were used for the study, with half of each group used for immunohistochemistry and half for protein extraction and ELISA assays. Fibroblasts obta...
Source: Journal of Applied Oral Science - November 20, 2009 Category: Dentistry Source Type: journals

Competitive activation of the Escherichia coli argO gene coding for an arginine exporter by the transcriptional regulators Lrp and ArgPEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that transcription of the argO gene coding for an arginine exporter is regulated by the global transcriptional regulator Lrp, an effect that went by unnoticed in previous genome-scale screenings of the Lrp regulatory network in Escherichia coli. Lrp activates the argO promoter fourfold; exogenous leucine antagonizes, but does not completely eliminate this effect. Activation by Lrp interferes with the previously demonstrated activation of the argO promoter by ArgP. This interference results from the mutual inhibitory binding of the two activators to overlapping targets. As a consequenc...
Source: Molecular Microbiology - November 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Eveline Peeters, Phu Nguyen Le Minh, Maria Foulquié-Moreno, Daniel Charlier Source Type: journals

E. Coli O157:H7 Poses Greatest Risk to Young Children, Females, and ElderlyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
After infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, young children and females are most likely to develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and elderly patients are most likely to die, according to a report in the November 15th issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - November 19, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Hamiltonian Replica Exchange Method Study of Escherichia coli and Yersinia pestis HPPKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable). (Source: Journal of Physical Chemistry B)
Source: Journal of Physical Chemistry B - November 19, 2009 Category: Chemistry Tags: article Source Type: journals

Senate Bill Would Require E. Coli TestingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Citing public concern about the safety of ground beef, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand has introduced legislation that would require companies to test for a deadly E. coli strain. (Source: NYT > Health)
Source: NYT > Health - November 19, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: By MICHAEL MOSS Tags: E coli (Bacteria) Meat Tests and Testing Law and Legislation Gillibrand, Kirsten E Source Type: news

The path to Crohn's disease: Is mucosal pathology a secondary event?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Current models of Crohn's disease (CD) invoke an initial disturbance of the epithelial interface between the gut mucosa and intestinal microbiota. This "outside-in" paradigm, mirroring the pathophysiology of acute gastroenteritis, suggests that mucosal damage by luminal bacteria is an early, initiating factor in the etiopathogenesis of disease. However, a number of features of CD argue against a primary mucosal process, including phenotypic studies of CD patients that point to a macrophage defect and genetic studies that predict impaired innate immunity to intracellular bacteria. Intracellular pathogens, such as Listeria, ...
Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - November 19, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Marcel A. Behr Source Type: journals

Intermolecular cross-linking of monomers in H. pylori Na{+}/H{+} antiporter NhaA at dimer interface inhibits antiporter activityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We previously showed that the Na+/H+ antiporter of Helicobacter pylori (HPNhaA) forms an oligomer in a native membrane of Escherichia coli, and conformational changes of oligomer occur between monomers of the oligomer during ion transport. In the current study, we use Blue Native PAGE to show that HPNhaA forms a dimer. Cysteine-scanning mutagenesis of residues 55 to 61 in a putative β-sheet region of loop1 and subsequent functional analyses revealed that the Q58C mutation resulted in an intermolecular disulfide bond. G56C, I59C, and G60C were found to be cross-linked by bifunctional cross-linkers. Furt...
Source: BJ Energy - November 19, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: A Karasawa, K Mitsui, M Matsushita, H Kanazawa Tags: BJ Energy Source Type: journals

Rapid cleavage of RNA by RNase E in the absence of 5' monophosphate stimulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The best characterized pathway for the initiation of mRNA degradation in Escherichia coli involves the removal of the 5'-terminal pyrophosphate to generate a monophosphate group that stimulates endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase E. We show here however, using well-characterized oligonucleotide substrates and mRNA transcripts, that RNase E can cleave certain RNAs rapidly without requiring a 5'-monophosphorylated end. Moreover, the minimum substrate requirement for this mode of cleavage, which can be categorized as 'direct' or 'internal' entry, appears to be multiple single-stranded segments in a conformational context that a...
Source: Molecular Microbiology - November 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Louise Kime, Stefanie S. Jourdan, Jonathan A. Stead, Ana Hidalgo-Sastre, Kenneth J. McDowall Source Type: journals

Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. 8. Notifiable diseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions [ndash] There is a temporal association of AIGE and paradysentery in the Faroe Islands with the first arrival and later marked augmentation of British forces stationed there during the war. Rises in the incidence of other diseases in 1941[ndash]1942 seem more likely a consequence of increased foreign commercial travel by Faroese at that time. (Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica)
Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica - November 19, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: M. T. Wallin, A. Heltberg, J. F. Kurtzke Source Type: journals

Prevalence characterization of extended-spectrum [beta]-lactamases among Escherichia coli isolates collected in ZhengzhouEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We describe a complex ESBL epidemiology. The study revealed a high rate of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. TEM and CTX-M enzymes dominated in ESBL-positive E. coli isolates in Zhengzhou, China. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:404-407, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis)
Source: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis - November 19, 2009 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Zhijian Zhang, Xiaobing Guo, Qinxian Zhang Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibodies in systemic sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This report confirms that different immunoglobulin classes with anti-topo I activity may occur in SSc. IgG was the predominant serological feature with both, the recombinant and native antigens. The study also demonstrates the association between high levels of these autoantibodies and some clinical manifestations of SSc. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:408-416, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis)
Source: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis - November 19, 2009 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Erasmo Martínez-Cordero, Alejandro Padilla Trejo, Diana E. Aguilar León Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Inflammatory Peripheral Neuropathies Prevalent in Poultry and Swine FarmersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome resulting from infection with Campylobacter jejuni, a common pathogen of poultry and swine, are prevalent in farm workers with high exposure to these animals. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - November 18, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Public Health & Prevention Source Type: news

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri on spinach leaves by X-ray.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several recent foodborne disease outbreaks associated with leafy green vegetables, including spinach, have been reported. X-ray is a non-thermal technology that has shown promise for reducing pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on spinach leaves. Inactivation of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri on spinach leaves using X-ray at different doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy) was studied. The effect of X-ray on color quality and microflora counts (mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts and yeast and mold counts) of untreated and treated...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Mahmoud BS, Bachman G, Linton RH Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Norovirus in retail shellfish.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Norovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with consumption of raw shellfish. The majority of norovirus infections worldwide are due to genogroup II noroviruses. Bivalve molluscs (mussels, clams and oysters) at the end of the commercial chain, the points of purchase, were sampled between 2005 and 2008 in several retail points in Apulia, Italy, and screened by a semi-nested RT-PCR specific for genogroup II noroviruses. Noroviral RNA was detected in 12.1% of the samples, with lower frequency being observed in samples obtained from hypermarkets (8.1%) rather than in samples from open-air markets a...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Terio V, Martella V, Moschidou P, Di Pinto P, Tantillo G, Buonavoglia C Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Mathematical modeling the cross-contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface of ready-to-eat meat product while slicing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objectives of this study were to investigate and to model the surface cross-contamination of E. coli O157:H7 during slicing operation. A five-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated directly onto a slicer's round blade rim area at an initial level of ca. 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 log CFU/blade (ca. 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 log CFU/cm(2) of the blade edge area), and then the RTE deli meat (ham) was sliced to a thickness of 1-2 mm. For another cross-contamination scenario, a clean blade was initially used to slice ham which was pre-surface-inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (ca. 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 log CFU/100 cm(2) area), then, followe...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Sheen S, Hwang CA Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Factors affecting growth of foodborne pathogens on minimally processed apples.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Listeria innocua increased by more than 2 log(10) units over a 24 h period on fresh-cut 'Golden Delicious' apple plugs stored at 25 and 20 degrees C. L. innocua reached the same final population level at 10 degrees C meanwhile E. coli and Salmonella only increased 1.3 log(10) units after 6 days. Only L. innocua was able to grow at 5 degrees C. No significant differences were observed between the growth of foodborne pathogens on fresh-cut 'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith' and 'Shampion' apples stored at 25 and 5 degrees C. The treatment of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' a...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Alegre I, Abadias M, Anguera M, Oliveira M, Viñas I Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Effects of X-ray radiation on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri inoculated on shredded iceberg lettuce.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The main goal of this investigation was to study the efficacy of X-ray doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy) on inoculated Escherichia coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri on shredded iceberg lettuce. The second goal was to study the effect of X-ray on the inherent microflora counts and visual color of shredded iceberg lettuce during storage at 4 degrees C for 30 days. Treatment with 1.0 kGy X-ray significantly reduced the population of E. coli O157: H7, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. flexneri on shredded iceberg lettuce by 4.4, 4.1, 4.8 and 4.4...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Mahmoud BS Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Yersinia enterocolitica in slaughter pig tonsils: enumeration and detection by enrichment versus direct plating culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tonsil samples from 139 slaughter pigs were examined for the presence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica by enrichment procedures based on the standard method ISO 10273:2003. In addition, samples were tested by direct plating method to evaluate its efficiency compared to the enrichment culture methods and to quantify the level of contamination in porcine tonsils. In total, 52 samples (37.4%) were positive for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, all belonging to bioserotype 4/O:3. Fifty out of the 52 positive samples (96.2%) were detected by direct plating. Enumeration showed an average concentration of 4.5 log(10) CFU g(-...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Van Damme I, Habib I, De Zutter L Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Survey of Salmonella contamination of edible nut kernels on retail sale in the UK.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Consumption of nut kernels has shown an upward trend due to people's increasing tendency to eat healthy snacks. The purpose of this survey was to establish the microbiological safety of retail edible nut kernel samples of different varieties. Overall Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli were detected from 0.1% and 0.8% of 2886 edible nut kernels, respectively. S. Senftenberg and S. Tennessee were detected from two pre-packed samples of Brazil nuts (0.4%) and S. Anatum from a pre-packed mixed nuts sample (0.9%; mix: almonds, Brazils, cashews, peanuts, walnuts) indicating a risk to health. The levels of Salmonella ranged...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Little CL, Rawal N, de Pinna E, McLauchlin J Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

E. Coli O157 In Surrey: Update, UKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Health Protection Agency (HPA) reports that the total number of confirmed cases of E Coli O157 linked to Godstone Farm in Surrey remains 93. No cases are currently in hospital As the number of cases has remained the same for the past three weeks, there will be no further updates on figures linked to Godstone farm. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 18, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses Source Type: news

E. Coli O157 In Surrey: Update, UKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Health Protection Agency (HPA) reports that the total number of confirmed cases of E Coli O157 linked to Godstone Farm in Surrey remains 93. No cases are currently in hospital As the number of cases has remained the same for the past three weeks, there will be no further updates on figures linked to Godstone farm. (Source: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today)
Source: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today - November 18, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses Source Type: news

Analysis of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Psoralea pubescence (Miq.) Standl and its antibacterial activityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The essential oil from aerial parts of Psoralea pubescence (Miq.) Standl (Leguminoseae) was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectroscopy systems. The major components identified were psoralen (24.8%), bakuchiol (21.3%), β-caryophyllene (8.5%), germacrene D (6.8%), and α-humulene (4.6%). The major volatiles released by β-glucosidase treatment of the aqueous plant residue were δ-pinene (28.3%), germacrene D (13.6%), and tricyclene (10.2%). The oil showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aerugino...
Source: Medicinal Chemistry Research - November 18, 2009 Category: Chemistry Tags: Medicinal Chemistry Research Source Type: journals

Evidence-based adjustment of antibiotic in pediatric complicated appendicitis in the era of antibiotic resistanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions One-fourth of children with gangrenous or ruptured appendicitis were insensitive to the current regime. This study provides evidence-based information on the choice of antibiotics. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00383-009-2540-6Authors Kin Wai Edwin Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR ChinaKim Hung Lee, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Sur...
Source: Pediatric Surgery International - November 18, 2009 Category: Surgery Tags: Pediatric Surgery International Source Type: journals

Phylogenomic analysis of the cystatin superfamily in eukaryotes and prokaryotesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This study challenges the current view on the classification, origin and evolution of the cystatin superfamily and provides valuable insights into their functional diversification. The findings of this comprehensive study provide guides for future structural and evolutionary studies of the cystatin superfamily as well as of other protease inhibitors and proteases. (Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - November 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dusan KordisVito Turk Source Type: journals

Non-antibiotic selection systems for soybean somatic embryos: the lysine analog aminoethyl-cysteine as a selection agentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Genetically engineered soybeans expressing a lysine insensitive DHPS gene can be selected with the non-antibiotic selection agent AEC. We also report here the inhibitory effects of glufosinate, (isopropylamine-glyphosate) (Roundup(R)), AEC and the ALS inhibitors Exceed(R) and Synchrony(R) against different tissues of soybean. (Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles - November 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Suryadevara RaoLewamy MamadouMatt McConnellRaghuveer PolisettyPrachuab KwanyuenDavid Hildebrand Source Type: journals

Simulated Microgravity Affects Growth of Escherichia coli and Recombinant beta-D: -Glucuronidase Production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study growth of E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells transformed with pET-28a (+)-pgus in double-axis clinostat that could model low shear SMG environment and the recombinant beta-D: -glucuronidase (PGUS) expression have been investigated. Results showed that the cell dry weights in SMG were 16.47%, 38.06%, and 28.79% more than normal gravity (NG) control, and the efficiency of the recombinant PGUS expression in SMG were 18.33%, 19.36%, and 33.42% higher than that in NG at 19 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and 37 degrees C, respectively (P < 0.05). PMID: 19921492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Biochemist...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xiang L, Qi F, Dai D, Li C, Jiang Y Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

High-chloride concentrations abolish the binding of adenine nucleotides in the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier family.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) is a very effective membrane protein that mediates the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial membrane. In vivo transport measurements on the AAC overexpressed in Escherichia coli demonstrate that this process can be severely inhibited by high-chloride concentrations. Molecular-dynamics simulations reveal a strong modification of the topology of the local electric field related to the number of chloride ions inside the cavity. Halide ions are shown to shield the positive charges lining the internal cavity of the carrier by accurate targeting of key basic residues. These specific amin...
Source: Biophysical Journal - November 18, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Krammer EM, Ravaud S, Dehez F, Frelet-Barrand A, Pebay-Peyroula E, Chipot C Tags: Biophys J Source Type: journals

Identification of cultivation condition to produce correctly folded form of a malaria vaccine based on Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 in Escherichia coli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The C-terminal, 19-kDa domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (PfMSP-1(19)) is among the leading vaccine candidate for malaria due to its essential role in erythrocyte invasion by the parasite. We designed a synthetic gene for optimal expression of recombinant PfMSP-1(19) in Escherichia coli and developed a scalable process to obtain high-quality PfMSP-1(19). The synthetic gene construct yielded a fourfold higher expression level of PfMSP-1(19) in comparison to the native gene construct. Optimization of cultivation conditions in the bioreactor indicated important role of yeast extract and substrate...
Source: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - November 18, 2009 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Mazumdar S, Sachdeva S, Chauhan VS, Yazdani SS Tags: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Source Type: journals

Nafamostat prevents hypothermia and improves survival time after administration of lipopolysaccharide in a mouse surgical modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effect of systemic administration of nafamostat on thermogenic homeostasis and survival time in a mouse surgical model. Male C57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized with sevoflurane and implanted with intraabdominal telemetry transmitters. Following the surgery, three groups of animals were administered Escherichia coli LPS (0127: B8) subcutaneously at doses of 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg·kg−1, and one group received saline without LPS. Three other groups received 3 mg·kg−1 LPS with 1, 3, or 10 mg·kg−1 of nafamostat. In another grou 10 mg·kg−11 of nafamostat only was administered. The times to the...
Source: Journal of Anesthesia - November 17, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Journal of Anesthesia Source Type: journals

Systemic hernial disease protects against cancer: an hypothesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Research by herniologists from around the world has shown that abdominal defects, in the adult, are not caused by wear and tear but systemic hernial disease (herniosis), a disorder of connective tissue which affects the extracellular matrix (ECM). Wound healing may be affected, leading to recurrences after hernia repair or primary incisional herniation. Women with genitourinary prolapse show signs of herniosis in the pelvis. Diverticulosis coli, commonly seen in the elderly, like hernia, was once attributed to stress and strain from constipation. It is now suspected that herniosis weakens the coloni...
Source: Hernia - November 17, 2009 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Hernia Source Type: journals

Structure of Escherichia coli Hfq bound to polyriboadenylate RNA [Biochemistry]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hfq is a small, highly abundant hexameric protein that is found in many bacteria and plays a critical role in... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - November 17, 2009 Category: Science Authors: Link, T. M., Valentin-Hansen, P., Brennan, R. G. Tags: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Computing the shortest elementary flux modes in genome-scale metabolic networksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Motivation: Elementary flux modes (EFMs) represent a key concept to analyze metabolic networks from a pathway-oriented perspective. In spite of considerable work in this field, the computation of the full set of elementary flux modes in large-scale metabolic networks still constitutes a challenging issue due to its underlying combinatorial complexity. Results: In this article, we illustrate that the full set of EFMs can be enumerated in increasing order of number of reactions via integer linear programming. In this light, we present a novel procedure to efficiently determine the K-shortest EFMs in large-scale metabolic net...
Source: Bioinformatics - November 17, 2009 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: de Figueiredo, L. F., Podhorski, A., Rubio, A., Kaleta, C., Beasley, J. E., Schuster, S., Planes, F. J. Tags: SYSTEMS BIOLOGY Source Type: journals

E. Coli O157 in Surrey: UpdateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Health Protection Agency (HPA) reports that the total number of confirmed cases of E Coli O157 linked to Godstone Farm in Surrey remains 93. (Source: Health Protection Agency)
Source: Health Protection Agency - November 17, 2009 Category: UK Health Source Type: organizations

The maltodextrin transport system and metabolism in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and production of novel α-glucosides through reverse phosphorolysis by maltose phosphorylaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A gene cluster involved in maltodextrin transport and metabolism was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, which encoded a maltodextrin-binding protein, three maltodextrin ATP-binding cassette transporters and five glycosidases, all under the control of a transcriptional regulator of the LacI-GalR family. Enzymatic properties are described for recombinant maltose phosphorylase (MalP) of glycoside hydrolase family 65 (GH65), which is encoded by malP (GenBank: AAV43670.1) of this gene cluster and produced in Escherichia coli. MalP catalyses phosphorolysis of maltose with inversion of the anomeric config...
Source: FEBS Journal - November 17, 2009 Category: Research Authors: Hiroyuki Nakai, Martin J. Baumann, Bent O. Petersen, Yvonne Westphal, Henk Schols, Adiphol Dilokpimol, Maher A. Hachem, Sampo J. Lahtinen, Jens Ø. Duus, Birte Svensson Source Type: journals

Identification and characterization of the metal ion-dependent l-alanoyl-d-glutamate peptidase encoded by bacteriophage T5Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although bacteriophage T5 is known to have lytic proteins for cell wall hydrolysis and phage progeny escape, their activities are still unknown. This is the first report on the cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a bacteriophage T5 lytic hydrolase. The endolysin-encoding lys gene of virulent coliphage T5 was cloned in Escherichia coli cells, and an electrophoretically homogeneous product of this gene was obtained with a high yield (78% of total activity). The protein purified was shown to be an l-alanoyl-d-glutamate peptidase. The enzyme demonstrated maximal activity in diluted buffers (25[ndash]50 mm) ...
Source: FEBS Journal - November 17, 2009 Category: Research Authors: Galina V. Mikoulinskaia, Irina V. Odinokova, Andrei A. Zimin, Valentina Ya. Lysanskaya, Sergei A. Feofanov, Olga A. Stepnaya Source Type: journals

Structure of Helicobacter pyloril-asparaginase at 1.4 Å resolutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bacterial l-asparaginases have been used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia for over 30 years. Their therapeutic effect is based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of l-asparagine, an essential amino acid in certain tumours, to l-aspartic acid and ammonia. Two l-asparaginases, one from Escherichia coli and the other from Erwinia chrysanthemi, have been widely employed in clinical practice as anti-leukaemia drugs. However, l-asparaginases are also able to cause severe side effects owing to their intrinsic glutaminase activity. Helicobacter pylori l-asparaginase (HpA) has been reported to ...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section D - November 17, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Dhavala, P.Papageorgiou, A.C. Tags: l-asparaginases active site leukaemia treatment therapeutic enzymes research papers Source Type: journals

Structure of laminin-binding adhesin (Lmb) from Streptococcus agalactiaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adhesion/invasion of pathogenic bacteria is a critical step in infection and is mediated by surface-exposed proteins termed adhesins. The crystal structure of recombinant Lmb, a laminin-binding adhesin from Streptococcus agalactiae, has been determined at 2.5 Å resolution. Based on sequence and structural homology, Lmb was placed into the cluster 9 family of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system. The structural organization of Lmb closely resembles that of ABC-type solute-binding proteins (SBPs), in which two structurally related globular domains interact with each other to form a metal-binding cavity at the...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section D - November 17, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ragunathan, P.Spellerberg, B.Ponnuraj, K. Tags: adhesins metal transporters surface proteins laminin binding ATP-binding cassette solute-binding proteins research papers Source Type: journals

Prevalence of Diarrhea and Enteropathogens in Racing Sled DogsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diarrhea is highly prevalent in racing sled dogs, although the underlying causes are poorly understood. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) and Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B are associated with diarrhea in racing sled dogs. One hundred and thirty-five sled dogs. Freshly voided feces were obtained from 55 dogs before racing and from 80 dogs after 400 miles of racing. Samples were visually scored for diarrhea, mucus, blood, and melena. CPE and C. difficile Toxin A and B were detected by ELISA. Samples were cultured for C. perfringens, C. difficile, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli 0157; Giardia and...
Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - November 17, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: E. McKenzie, J. Riehl, H. Banse, P.H. Kass, S. Nelson, Jr, S.L. Marks Source Type: journals

Microbiologic Evaluation of Gallbladder Bile of Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Iatrogenic Hypercortisolism: A Pilot StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In people, hypercortisolism (HC) has been associated with acalculous cholecystitis and biliary dyskinesia, which may potentiate ascending biliary infections. In dogs, an association between HC and gallbladder disease recently has been documented, although the role of bacteria remains controversial. Furthermore, there is no information on the gallbladder bile microbial flora in healthy dogs. To investigate the microbial flora in gallbladder bile in healthy dogs, the relationship between iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism and bactibilia and possible changes in biliary microbial flora after cortisol withdrawal in dogs. Six contr...
Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - November 17, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: P.H. Kook, S. Schellenberg, P. Grest, C.E. Reusch, L. Corboz, T.M. Glaus Source Type: journals

An L-arabinose isomerase from Acidothermus cellulolytics ATCC 43068: cloning, expression, purification, and characterization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The araA gene encoding an L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) from the acido-thermophilic bacterium Acidothermus cellulolytics ATCC 43068 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The open reading frame of the L-AI consisted of 1,503 nucleotides encoding 501 amino acid residues. The recombinant L-AI was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 55 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was optimally active at 75 degrees C and pH 7.5. It required divalent me...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - November 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cheng L, Mu W, Zhang T, Jiang B Tags: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Maintaining high anaerobic succinic acid productivity by product removal.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During dual-phase fermentations using Escherichia coli engineered for succinic acid production, the productivity and viable cell concentration decrease as the concentration of succinic acid increases. The effects of succinic acid on the fermentation kinetics, yield, and cell viability were investigated by resuspending cells in fresh media after selected fermentation times. The cellular succinic acid productivity could be restored, but cell viability continuously decreased throughout the fermentations by up to 80% and subsequently the volumetric productivity was reduced. Omitting complex nutrients in the resuspension me...
Source: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - November 17, 2009 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Andersson C, Petrova E, Berglund K, Rova U Tags: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Source Type: journals

Bacterial physiology: Switch-hitting RNaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 842 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2267 Author: Andrew Jermy In the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, mRNA decay is initiated by RNase E-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage. By contrast, Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis lacks RNase E but does contain two enzymes, RNase J1 and RNase J2, that have endonucleolytic and 5′–3′ exonucleolytic activity and are known (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew Jermy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 841 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2275 BiofilmsEscherichia coli (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Network analysis of the transcriptional pattern of young and old cells of Escherichia coli during lag phaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Network analysis revealed very different transcriptional activities during the lag period in old and young cells. Rejuvenation seems to take place during exponential growth by replicative dilution of old cellular components. (Source: BMC Systems Biology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Systems Biology - Latest articles - November 16, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Carmen PinMatthew RolfeMarina Munoz-CuevasJay HintonMichael PeckNicholas WaltonJozsef Baranyi Source Type: journals

Global Vision about the Biological Medicinal Products: Biosimilars (April, 2009).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The prime difference between generics and biosimilars is that while generics contain the exact active ingredient as in the originator product, biosimilars are only "similar" and not "identical" to the originator biological medicine. This difference appears due to the nature of the biopharmaceutical medicines which are extremely complex to manufacture (it is not possible to make an exact copy of a biotech medicine in the same way as a traditional chemical molecule can be copied). In fact, it is widely accepted that for biopharmaceuticals, the "process is the product". Minor changes during the manufacturing process can h...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - November 16, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Calvo B, Zuñiga L Tags: Curr Pharm Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Structure-microbicidal activity relationship of synthetic fragments derived from the antibacterial {alpha}-helix of human lactoferrin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study the structure - microbicidal activity relationship of amino acid residues 14-31 from the N-terminal end, corresponding to the antibacterial alpha-helix of human lactoferrin (LF), was investigated by down-sizing, alanine scanning and substitution of amino acids. Microbicidal analysis (99 % killing) was performed by a microplate assay, using E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans as test organisms. Starting from the N-terminal end, downsizing of peptide sequence 14-31 showed that the peptide 19-31 (KCFQWQRNMRKVR, HL9) was the optimal length for antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, HL9 bound to lipid A/LPS, as show...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Håversen L, Kondori N, Baltzer L, Hanson LA, Dolphin GT, Dunér K, Mattsby-Baltzer I Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Escherichia coli Sequence Type ST131 as an Emerging Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Uropathogen among Renal Transplant Recipients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Among 40 Escherichia coli urine isolates from renal transplant recipients (Galveston, Texas: 2003-2005), sequence type ST131 (O25:H4) was highly prevalent (35% overall; 60% of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates), virulent-appearing, antimicrobial resistant (but extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-susceptible), and associated with black race. Pulsotypes were diverse; some linked to other locales. ST131 emerged significantly during the study period. These findings suggest that E. coli ST131 may constitute an important new multidrug-resistant threat to renal transplant recipients. PMID: 19917759 [PubMed - as supplied by p...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Johnson JR, Johnston B, Clabots C, Kuskowski MA, Pendyala S, Debroy C, Nowicki B, Rice J Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

VIM-19, a metallo-ss-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study indicates that MBLs with an enhanced activity toward carbapenems may be obtained as a result of very few amino acid substitutions. PMID: 19917750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez JM, Nordmann P, Fortineau N, Poirel L Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

A new xylanase from thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 with broad-range pH activity and pH stability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have identified a highly pH-adaptable and stable xylanase (XynA4) from the thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4, a strain that was isolated from a hot spring in Yunnan Province, China. The gene (xynA4) that encodes this xylanase was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. It encodes a 338-residue polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 42.5 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence is most similar to (53% identity) an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus that belongs to family 10 of the glycoside hydrolases. Purified recombinant XynA4 exhibited maximum activity at 55 degre...
Source: Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bai Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yang P, Shi P, Luo H, Meng K, Huang H, Yao B Tags: J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: journals