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This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

ENDO Seconds Call for Incretin Data
SAN FRANCISCO (MedPage Today) -- The Endocrine Society has joined its voice to the recent call for incretin drugmakers to release all patient-level data on their products, the group announced at its annual meeting. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - June 19, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Society Seconds Call for Incretin Data
SAN FRANCISCO (MedPage Today) -- The Endocrine Society has joined its voice to the recent call for incretin drugmakers to release all patient-level data on their products, the group announced at its annual meeting. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - June 19, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and protective effects in cardiovascular disease: a new therapeutic approach for myocardial protection
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a member of the proglucagon incretin family implicated in the control of appetite and satiety. GLP-1 has insulinotropic, insulinomimetic, and glucagonostatic effects, thereby exerting multiple complementary actions to lower blood glucose in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A major advantage over conventional insulin is the fact that the insulinotropic actions of GLP-1 are dependent upon ambient glucose concentration, mitigating the risks of hypoglycemia. Recently, the crucial role of GLP-1 in cardiovascular disease has been suggested in both preclinical and clinical studies. The ex...
Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology - June 18, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ting Zhao Source Type: research

Incretin Talk Continues at ENDO Meeting
SAN FRANCISCO (MedPage Today) -- As the debate over pancreatic risks with incretin therapies for type 2 diabetes comes to a boil, it's likely to be the topic of much discussion at this year's meeting of the Endocrine Society. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - June 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Pancreatic Cancer and Incretins: No Signal as Yet at NIDDKPancreatic Cancer and Incretins: No Signal as Yet at NIDDK
A definitive answer on whether there is an increased risk of pancreatic cancer with incretin diabetes drugs is still some years away, said dozens of experts at the NIDDK this week. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - June 14, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Diabetes & Endocrinology News Source Type: news

ADA Wants Firms to Disclose Incretin Data
(MedPage Today) -- The American Diabetes Association is calling for makers of incretin therapies to release all of their data on the drugs in an effort to clarify whether they have adverse effects on the pancreas, the group said. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - June 13, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

BMJ Examines Risks of Incretin Therapy
(MedPage Today) -- Incretin mimetics may be more risky than previously thought, given that drug companies have held back data on their potentially harmful effects, says the BMJ. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - June 12, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Merck Welcomes Independent Review of the Safety Profile of JANUVIA® (sitagliptin) and Other Diabetes Medicines
Dateline City: WHITEHOUSE STATION, N.J. WHITEHOUSE STATION, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Merck, known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today issued the following statement regarding this week's NIDDK-NCI Workshop and the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) call for an independent review of data about the safety of incretin-based diabetes medicines, including GLP-1 analogs and DPP-4 inhibitors such as JANUVIA® (sitagliptin). Language: English Contact: MerckMedia:Pam Eisele(2...
Source: Merck.com - Product News - June 12, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: hq_site_admin Tags: Prescription Medicine News Corporate News Latest News Source Type: news

Effects of GLP1R agonists on primary thyroid C-cells
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is an incretin hormone that promotes glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin and suppression of glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and reduces energy intake. GLP1 also increases β-cell mass via stimulation of β-cell proliferation. The actions of GLP1 are mediated by a GLP1 receptor (GLP1R). Boess et al. aimed to establish primary thyroid cell cultures of rat and human to evaluate the expression and function of GLP1R in C-cells as functional C-cell response has rarely been demonstrated. They  succeeded in establishing primary thyroid cell culture systems...
Source: Society for Endocrinology - June 12, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: news

Diabetes drugs may be linked to pancreatic cancer
Conclusion This article presents important concerns that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors could potentially increase the risk of inflammation and cancerous changes in the pancreas. The agencies that regulate medicines in Europe and the USA are aware of these issues, and told the BMJ that their analyses show increased reporting of pancreatic cancer among people taking these types of drugs. However, the agencies note that it has not been established whether these drugs directly cause the adverse effects seen in the pancreas. Both agencies are reviewing emerging eviden...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 10, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Diabetes QA articles Source Type: news

Hyperglycemia associated with pasireotide:results from a mechanistic study in healthy volunteers.
CONCLUSIONS:Pasireotide-associated hyperglycemia is related to decreases in insulin secretion and incretin hormone responses, without changes in hepatic/peripheral insulin sensitivity. PMID: 23733372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - June 3, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Henry RR, Ciaraldi TP, Armstrong D, Burke P, Ligueros-Saylan M, Mudaliar S Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Long‐term treatment with Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, reduces colon carcinogenesis and reactive oxygen species in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced rats
In conclusion, the results suggest a protective effect of DPP4i against colon carcinogenesis that could be exploited in chemoprevention trials. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)
Source: International Journal of Cancer - May 29, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Angelo Pietro Femia, Laura Raimondi, Giulia Maglieri, Maura Lodovici, Edoardo Mannucci, Giovanna Caderni Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Part 2. Addressing the incretin defect in the clinical setting in 2013
Abstract The present short review summarizes and updates clinical experience with two classes of drugs introduced for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus over the past 8 years: (i) the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists; and (ii) the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors. Both classes of agents address the so called “incretin defect” in patients with T2DM. (Source: Journal of Diabetes)
Source: Journal of Diabetes - May 29, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: George Grunberger Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

DPP‐4 inhibitors: Multi‐target drugs, not only anti‐diabetes
This article provides a systematic and comprehensive review of current researches on the newly‐found effect and mechanism of DPP‐4 inhibitors in therapy. (Source: Journal of Diabetes)
Source: Journal of Diabetes - May 28, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yunjuan Zhao, Lin Yang, Zhiguang Zhou Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor improves the salivary gland histology of spontaneously diabetic mice
Conclusions: According to results, the treatment with this dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor contributed to the general homeostasis of the organism and to the reestablishment of both epithelial and stromal compartments which were damaged by the hyperglycaemic condition, demonstrating that the incretin-based therapy may be an important complementary treatment for the type 1 diabetic condition. (Source: Archives of Oral Biology)
Source: Archives of Oral Biology - May 28, 2013 Category: Dentistry Authors: Ana Luyza Domingues da Silva Faria, Marco Antônio Dias, Vinicius Barichelo Leme, Éber Emanuel Mayoral, Rodrigo Eduardo da Silva, Rafael Dias Mâncio, Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior, Eduardo José Caldeira Tags: Saliva and salivary glands Source Type: research

The role of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 impairment in obesity and potential therapeutic implications
The hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is released from the gut in response to food intake. It acts as a satiety signal, leading to reduced food intake, and also as a regulator of gastric emptying. Furthermore, GLP‐1 functions as an incretin hormone, stimulating insulin release and inhibiting glucagon secretion from the pancreas in response to food ingestion. Evidence suggests that the action or effect of GLP‐1 may be impaired in obese subjects, even in those with normal glucose tolerance. GLP‐1 impairment may help explain the increased gastric emptying and decreased satiety signalling seen in obesity. Inc...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - May 26, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. Madsbad Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

The impact of the repair of staple line dehiscence in post-RYGB patients on glucose homeostasis and gut hormones--a preliminary study.
CONCLUSIONS: Our report gives further insight into the hormonal mechanisms underlying the effects of surgically altered anatomy of different parts of the small intestine on glucose homeostasis that is highly important, since it may facilitate novel conservative therapies of diabetes without the need for surgery. PMID: 23450441 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Endokrynologia Polska)
Source: Endokrynologia Polska - May 24, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Durczynski A, Szymanski D, Nowicki M, Hogendorf P, Wojciechowska-Durczyńska K, Czupryniak L, Strzelczyk J Tags: Endokrynol Pol Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Biomarker Response to Sitagliptin in Healthy Volunteers
This study was designed to develop a PK/PD model of sitagliptin based on the physiology of incretin. The PK/PD data included information derived from two different studies. Study 1 was conducted as a one‐sequence, three‐period, repeated‐dose, dose escalation (sitagliptin 25, 50 and 100 mg q.d.) design in twelve healthy volunteers. Study 2 was a first‐in‐man study for the newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor in healthy volunteers. In study 1, blood samples were collected to measure sitagliptin concentrations, DPP‐4 activity and active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) concentrations....
Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology - May 20, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bo‐Hyung Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Dongwoo Kang, Kyoung Soo Lim, Jung‐Ryul Kim, In‐Jin Jang, Sang‐Goo Shin, Seo Hyun Yoon, Joo‐Youn Cho, Kyung‐Sang Yu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The incretin effect in Korean subjects with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes
ConclusionIn Koreans, the secretion of GLP‐1 or GIP during OGTTs and the incretin effect were comparable between subjects with NGT and type 2 diabetes, whereas the GIGD was significantly decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes. (Source: Clinical Endocrinology)
Source: Clinical Endocrinology - May 20, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tae Jung Oh, Min Young Kim, Ji Yon Shin, Jung Chan Lee, Sungwan Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Young Min Cho Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Researchers Face Off Over Incretin Risk
(MedPage Today) -- As concerns escalate over the potential risks of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies, a diabetes journal hosted a point-counterpoint debate between the researchers who have been the leading voices on each side of the issue. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - May 17, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibition improves pathophysiology of heart failure and increases survival rate in pressure-overloaded mice
Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a target for diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment, are associated with cardioprotection. As dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition increases plasma GLP-1 levels in vivo, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in a murine heart failure (HF) model. We induced transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6J mice, simulating pressure-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy and HF. TAC or sham-operated mice were treated with or without vildagliptin. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed that blood glucose levels were h...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Takahashi, A., Asakura, M., Ito, S., Min, K.-D., Shindo, K., Yan, Y., Liao, Y., Yamazaki, S., Sanada, S., Asano, Y., Ishibashi-Ueda, H., Takashima, S., Minamino, T., Asanuma, H., Mochizuki, N., Kitakaze, M. Tags: INTEGRATIVE CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research

Audit of clinical practice in the use of incretin mimetic agents for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes
The objective of this audit was to compare treatment outcomes in patients on dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists within a hospital clinic setting, and to identify factors that might influence their response to treatment. We undertook a retrospective audit of 118 consecutive patients who received either a DPP‐4 inhibitor or a GLP‐1R agonist as add‐on to existing oral hypoglycaemic agent therapy. Primary clinical outcomes compared were change in HbA1c and weight. The clinical characteristics of patients who responded with both weight loss and improvemen...
Source: Practical Diabetes International - May 15, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Balraj Dhesi, Hiren Chauhan, Ansu Basu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Pharmacology, Physiology, and Mechanisms of Incretin Hormone Action.
Abstract Incretin peptides, principally GLP-1 and GIP, regulate islet hormone secretion, glucose concentrations, lipid metabolism, gut motility, appetite and body weight, and immune function, providing a scientific basis for utilizing incretin-based therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Activation of GLP-1 and GIP receptors also leads to nonglycemic effects in multiple tissues, through direct actions on tissues expressing incretin receptors and indirect mechanisms mediated through neuronal and endocrine pathways. Here we contrast the pharmacology and physiology of incretin hormones and review recent advanc...
Source: Cell Metabolism - May 14, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Campbell JE, Drucker DJ Tags: Cell Metab Source Type: research

Glucose‐induced incretin hormone release and insulin sensitivity are impaired in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis: results from a pilot descriptive study
Conclusions & InferencesPatients with idiopathic gastroparesis exhibit abnormal GIP levels associated with impaired insulin sensitivity during oral glucose load. Further studies are needed to establish the involvement of these defects in the pathophysiology of gastroparesis. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - May 12, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: G. Prévost, P. Ducrotté, A. Cailleux, K. Khalfi, J. P. Basuyau, H. Lefebvre, J. M. Kuhn Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Thirty days of resveratrol supplementation does not affect postprandial incretin hormone responses, but suppresses postprandial glucagon in obese subjects
ConclusionsOur data suggest that 30 days of resveratrol supplementation does not affect fasting or postprandial incretin hormone plasma levels in obese humans, but suppresses postprandial glucagon responses.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Diabetic Medicine)
Source: Diabetic Medicine - May 11, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: F. K. Knop, E. Konings, S. Timmers, P. Schrauwen, J. J. Holst, E. E. Blaak Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

Safety of Incretin-Based Therapies Hotly Debated Safety of Incretin-Based Therapies Hotly Debated
Should clinicians worry about possible cancer risks with incretin mimetic drugs for type 2 diabetes? Yes, say some experts. No, says another, arguing that substantial evidence is lacking. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Cardiology Headlines)
Source: Medscape Cardiology Headlines - May 8, 2013 Category: Cardiology Tags: Diabetes & Endocrinology News Source Type: news

Long term treatment with Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, reduces colon carcinogenesis and reactive oxygen species in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced rats
In conclusion, the results suggest a protective effect of DPP4i against colon carcinogenesis, that could be exploited in chemoprevention trials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)
Source: International Journal of Cancer - May 7, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Angelo Pietro Femia, Laura Raimondi, Giulia Maglieri, Maura Lodovici, Edoardo Mannucci, Giovanna Caderni Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

Incretin dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Clinical impact and future perspectives.
Abstract The incretin effect refers to the augmentation of insulin secretion after oral administration of glucose compared with intravenous glucose administration at matched glucose levels. The incretin effect is largely due to the release and action on beta-cells of the gut hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This system has in recent years had considerable interest due to the success of incretin therapy as a glucose-lowering strategy in type 2 diabetes. In non-diabetic subjects, the incretin effect is responsible for 50-70% of insulin release during ora...
Source: Diabetes and Metabolism - May 2, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ahrén B Tags: Diabetes Metab Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibition improves pathophysiology of heart failure and increases survival rate in pressure-overloaded mice.
Abstract Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a target for diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment, are associated with cardioprotection. As dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition increases plasma GLP-1 levels in vivo, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in a murine heart failure (HF) model. We induced transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6J mice, simulating pressure-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy and HF. TAC or sham-operated mice were treated with or without vildagliptin. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed that blood gluc...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - May 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Takahashi A, Asakura M, Ito S, Min KD, Shindo K, Yan Y, Liao Y, Yamazaki S, Sanada S, Asano Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Takashima S, Minamino T, Asanuma H, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

The science of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes.
Abstract The risk of hypoglycemia with anti-hyperglycemic agents is an important limiting factor in the management of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus. While hypoglycemia is more common in T1DM, the incidence is high in T2DM patients who use insulin or secretagogues, particularly patients with longer duration of diabetes. The underlying cause of hypoglycemia in diabetes is a complex interaction between hyperinsulinemia and compromised physiologic and behavioral responses to falling glucose levels. Pancreatic dysfunction also causes loss of normal therapeutic response to hypoglycemia-a reduction in ...
Source: Current Diabetes Reviews - May 1, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Oyer DS Tags: Curr Diabetes Rev Source Type: research

The role of GLP‐1 impairment in obesity and potential therapeutic implications
Abstract The hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is released from the gut in response to food intake. It acts as a satiety signal, leading to reduced food intake, and also as a regulator of gastric emptying. Furthermore, GLP‐1 functions as an incretin hormone, stimulating insulin release and inhibiting glucagon secretion from the pancreas in response to food ingestion. Evidence suggests that the action or effect of GLP‐1 may be impaired in obese subjects, even in those with normal glucose tolerance. GLP‐1 impairment may help explain the increased gastric emptying and decreased satiety signalling seen in obe...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - April 25, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. Madsbad Tags: Unsolicited Review Article Source Type: research

Report Shows Byetta, Januvia and Other Incretin Mimetic Drugs for Type...
According to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices’ most recent QuarterWatch report, incretin mimetic drugs such as Byetta, Januvia and Victoza may be 25 times more likely to be linked to...(PRWeb April 19, 2013)Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/Byetta-Januvia-cancer/04/prweb10653663.htm (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)
Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals - April 23, 2013 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

Exendin-4 prevents lipoapoptosis
Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance are associated with atherosclerosis, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Experimental studies have indicated that endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Erdogdu et al. conducted a study to investigate the putative protective effect of exendin-4 (a stable incretin mimetic and GLP1 receptor agonist) and GLP1 against lipoapoptosis of HCAECs and attempt to address the pathways involved in imparting such an effect. They found that long-term exposure of HCAECs to palmitate induces apoptosis, eNOS activity, ROS release...
Source: Society for Endocrinology - April 11, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: news

GLP-1(28-36) improves β-cell mass and glucose disposal in streptozotocin induced diabetes mice and activates PKA-β-catenin signaling in beta-cells in vitro.
Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that the C-terminal fragment of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a nonapeptide GLP-1(28-36)amide, attenuates diabetes and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. However, the effect of this nonapeptide in pancreatic β-cells remains largely unknown. Here, we show that in a streptozotocin-induced mouse diabetes model, GLP-1(28-36)amide improved glucose disposal, increased pancreatic β-cell mass and β-cell proliferation. In vitro investigation revealed that GLP-1(28-36)amide stimulates β-catenin (β-cat) Ser675 phosphorylation in both the clonal ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 9, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Shao W, Wang Z, Ip W, Chiang YT, Xiong X, Chai T, Xu C, Wang Q, Jin T Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 increases in response to short-term overfeeding in men
Conclusion: Our findings showed that GLP-1 serum concentration is not a significant factor in determining obesity status. The increase of GLP-1 in all subjects regardless of obesity status, suggest GLP-1 serves as a protective role, counteracting energy surplus. (Source: Nutrition and Metabolism)
Source: Nutrition and Metabolism - April 8, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Danny WaddenFarrell CahillPeyvand AminiEdward RandellSudesh VasdevYanqing YiJon ChurchGuang Sun Source Type: research

GLP-1 receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors: How to guide the clinician?
Abstract Pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes has been enriched during recent years, with the launch of incretin therapies targeting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Such medications comprise either GLP-1 receptor agonists, with short (one or two daily injections: exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide) or long duration (one injection once weekly: extended-released exenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, taspoglutide); or oral compounds inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme that inactives GLP-1, also called gliptins (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin). Although both ...
Source: Annales d'Endocrinologie - April 6, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Scheen AJ Tags: Ann Endocrinol (Paris) Source Type: research

Popular Diabetes Drugs May Harm The Pancreas
Type 2 diabetes patients who are on incretin therapy have a higher risk of developing abnormalities in their pancreas compared to their counterparts on other types of diabetes therapies, researchers from the Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center at UCLA and the Diabetes Center at the University of Florida reported in the journal Diabetes. The scientists explained that patients on incretin therapy were more likely to have rapid multiplication of pancreatic cells that may be associated with a higher risk of neuroendocrine tumors... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - April 1, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Diabetes Source Type: news

In T2D patients with baseline A1c
Aims: Limited data are available on the efficacy of incretin therapies in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients who are near but not at glycemic target. Methods: Our post-hoc analysis compared the efficacy of liraglutide 1.8mg once-daily (OD) to exenatide 10μg twice daily (BD) (LEAD-6) and to sitagliptin 100mg OD (LIRA–DPP-4) after 26 weeks’ treatment; only patients treated as add-on to only metformin with a baseline A1c (Source: Primary Care Diabetes)
Source: Primary Care Diabetes - April 1, 2013 Category: Primary Care Authors: A. King, E. Montanya, R. Pratley, L. Blonde, C. Svendsen, M. Donsmark, G. Sesti Tags: Abstracts of the 12th International Conference PCDE Barcelona 2012 Source Type: research

Case note survey of T2D patients prescribed incretin therapies according to current recommendations in clinical practice
Aims: To assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness and patient preference for incretin-based therapies when initiated according to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommendations in UK clinical practice. (Source: Primary Care Diabetes)
Source: Primary Care Diabetes - April 1, 2013 Category: Primary Care Authors: M. Evans, P. McEwan, R. O'Shea, L. George, C. Svendsen, A. Clarke Tags: Abstracts of the 12th International Conference PCDE Barcelona 2012 Source Type: research

Evaluating second-line treatment options for type 2 diabetes: focus on secondary effects of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors.
CONCLUSIONS: Demonstrated secondary benefits in addition to efficacy may make GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors a more favorable option than other second-line T2DM therapies. PMID: 23548652 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy)
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - April 1, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Boland CL, Degeeter M, Nuzum DS, Tzefos M Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

EU Will Study Risks of Incretin Mimetics for DiabetesEU Will Study Risks of Incretin Mimetics for Diabetes
Like their US counterparts, European regulators will investigate the findings of a recent study suggesting an increased risk for precancerous cellular changes in the pancreas as well as pancreatitis. News Alerts (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - March 27, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Diabetes & Endocrinology News Alert Source Type: news

Incretins Beef Up Pancreas (CME/CE)
(MedPage Today) -- Incretin therapy increased pancreatic mass and beta cell mass in patients with type 2 diabetes, potentially putting patients at risk for malignancies, researchers found. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - March 27, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Research suggests popular diabetes drugs can cause abnormal pancreatic growth in humans
Individuals who had taken a type of drug commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes showed abnormalities in the pancreas, including cell proliferation, that may be associated with an increased risk of neuroendocrine tumors, according to a new study by researchers from UCLA and the University of Florida. Their findings were published online March 22 in the journal Diabetes. The researchers, from the Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center at UCLA and the Diabetes Center at the University of Florida, found that cell mass was increased approximately 40 percent in the pancreases of deceased organ donors who had Type 2 ...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - March 26, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Vildagliptin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Pancreatic Beta Cell Destruction in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Conclusion: Thus, our results suggest that vildagliptin ameliorates oxidative stress and pancreatic beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetic rats. However, to evaluate the real potential of this medication in type 1 diabetes, further studies are needed. (Source: Archives of Medical Research)
Source: Archives of Medical Research - March 25, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Danielle de Lima Ávila, Glaucy Rodrigues de Araújo, Maisa Silva, Pedro Henrique de Amorim Miranda, Mirla Fiuza Diniz, Maria Lúcia Pedrosa, Marcelo Eustáquio Silva, Wanderson Geraldo de Lima, Daniela Caldeira Costa Tags: Biomedical Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Biomarker Response to Sitagliptin in Healthy Volunteers
This study was designed to develop a PK/PD model of sitagliptin based on the physiology of incretin. The PK/PD data included information derived from two different studies. Study 1 was conducted as a one‐sequence, three‐period, repeated‐dose, dose escalation (sitagliptin 25, 50 and 100 mg q.d.) design in twelve healthy volunteers. Study 2 was a first‐in‐man study for the newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor in healthy volunteers. In study 1, blood samples were collected to measure sitagliptin concentrations, DPP‐4 activity and active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) concentrations. ...
Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology - March 19, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bo‐Hyung Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Dongwoo Kang, Kyoung Soo Lim, Jung‐Ryul Kim, In‐Jin Jang, Sang‐Goo Shin, Seo Hyun Yoon, Joo‐Youn Cho, Kyung‐Sang Yu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Gustducin couples fatty acid receptors to GLP-1 release in colon
We examined expression of α-gustducin, GLP-1, and GIP throughout the intestine. The number of α-gustducin-expressing cells and those coexpressing α-gustducin together with GLP-1 and/or GIP increased from small intestine to colon. α-Gustducin also was coexpressed with fatty acid G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40, GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, GPR120, and bile acid G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 in enteroendocrine cells of the colon. In colon, GPR43 was coexpressed with GPR119 and GPR120, but not with TGR5. Treatment of colonic mucosa isolated from wild-type mice with acetate, butyrate, oleic acid, oleoyle...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - March 15, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li, Y., Kokrashvili, Z., Mosinger, B., Margolskee, R. F. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

FDA Probing Risk of Pancreatitis with Incretins
(MedPage Today) -- The FDA said Thursday it is reviewing unpublished data that point toward an increased risk of pancreatitis and precancerous changes in type 2 diabetes patients who are treated with drugs in the incretin class. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - March 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

FDA to Examine Pancreatic-Duct Metaplasia With IncretinsFDA to Examine Pancreatic-Duct Metaplasia With Incretins
The FDA has issued a drug safety communication alerting patients and doctors to a possible association between incretin mimetic diabetes drugs and precancerous changes in the pancreas. News Alerts (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - March 14, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Diabetes & Endocrinology News Alert Source Type: news

Incretin Mimetic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes: Early Communication - Reports of Possible Increased Risk of Pancreatitis and Pre-cancerous Findings of the Pancreas
Unpublished new findings by a group of academic researchers suggest an increased risk of pancreatitis and pre-cancerous cellular changes called pancreatic duct metaplasia. (Source: FDA MedWatch)
Source: FDA MedWatch - March 14, 2013 Category: American Health Source Type: news

Novel Therapies for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Part 2 ‐ Addressing the incretin defect in clinical setting in 2013
This short review summarizes and updates clinical experience with two classes of drugs introduced in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over the past 8 years: the glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 receptor agonists, and the dipeptidyl peptidase(DPP)‐4 inhibitors. Both classes of agents address the so called “incretin defect” in patients with T2DM.Discovery of the incretin effectIn 1964 Elrick et al1 described that oral glucose administration leads to greater insulin response than when glucose is delivered intravenously. That enhanced effect was called the “incretin” effect. Clearly, the difference ...
Source: Journal of Diabetes - March 14, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: George Grunberger Tags: Review Article Source Type: research