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Toxicological Assessment of CoO and La2O3 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells
Cobalt monoxide (CoO) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticles are 2 metal oxide nanoparticles with different redox potentials according to their semiconductor properties. By utilizing these two nanoparticles, this study sought to determine how metal oxide nanoparticle’s mode of toxicological action is related to their physio-chemical properties in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). We investigated cellular toxicity, production of superoxide radicals and alterations in gene expression related to oxidative stress, and cellular death at 6 and 24 h following exposure to CoO and La2O3 (administered doses: 0, 5,...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - March 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sisler, J. D., Pirela, S. V., Shaffer, J., Mihalchik, A. L., Chisholm, W. P., Andrew, M. E., Schwegler-Berry, D., Castranova, V., Demokritou, P., Qian, Y. Tags: Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles of Airway Epithelium Source Type: research

Nanoparticles On My Mind
By KIM BELLARD Nanoparticles are everywhere!  By that I mean, of course, that there seems to be a lot of news about them lately, particularly in regard to health and healthcare.   But, of course, literally they could be anywhere and everywhere, which helps account for their potential, and their potential danger. Let’s start with one of the more startling developments: a team at the University of Miami’s College of Engineering, led by Professor Sakhrat Khizroev, believes it has figured out a way to use nanoparticles to “talk” to the brain without wires or implants.  They use “a novel clas...
Source: The Health Care Blog - March 23, 2021 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Christina Liu Tags: Health Tech Kim Bellard nanoparticles Source Type: blogs

Temperature-driven directional coalescence of silver nanoparticles
This study is of importance not only in terms of its fundamental academic interest but also in terms of the thermal stability of silver nanoparticles.
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - March 31, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Yan, S.Sun, D.Gong, Y.Tan, Y.Xing, X.Mo, G.Chen, Z.Cai, Q.Li, Z.Yu, H.Wu, Z. Tags: silver nanoparticles SAXS XRD coalescence nanocrystal research papers Source Type: research

Paracrystalline structure of gold, silver, palladium and platinum nanoparticles
Metallic nanoparticles are of great importance because of their unique physical, chemical, antimicrobial, diagnostic, therapeutic, biomedical, sensing, biosensing, catalytic and optical properties. Detailed knowledge of the atomic scale structure of these materials is essential for understanding their activities and for exploiting their potential. This paper reports structural studies of silica-supported silver, gold, palladium and platinum nanoparticles using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopy observation allowed the determination of nanoparticle sizes, which were e...
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - March 12, 2018 Category: Physics Authors: Jurkiewicz, K. Kami ń ski, M. Glajcar, W. Wo ź nica, N. Julienne, F. Bartczak, P. Pola ń ski, J. Lel ą tko, J. Zubko, M. Burian, A. Tags: metal nanoparticles X-ray diffraction pair distribution function paracrystalline structure research papers Source Type: research

Track analysis of a synchrotron X-ray photoelectric nanoradiator by in situ fluorescence imaging of reactive oxygen species: comparative study of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles
The emission of fluorescent X-rays and low-energy electrons by mid-/high-Z nanoparticles upon irradiation with either X-ray photons or high-energy ion beams is referred to as the nanoradiator effect (NRE). A track analysis of NRE was performed using reactive oxygen species (ROS) gels, to which macrophages containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were attached, together with single-cell irradiation of the intracellular nanoparticles from a microbeam of synchrotron X-rays, and the range and distribution of ^\bulletOH and O2^{ \bullet - } produced were compared with those of the Fe-nanoradiator by magnetite nanoparticles (FeONP,...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 20, 2018 Category: Physics Authors: Jeon, J.-K. Kim, J.-K. Tags: X-ray photoelectric nanoradiator ROS-oxidant fluorescence gel dosimetry track analysis gold nanoparticles iron oxide nanoparticle research papers Source Type: research

A look inside epitaxial cobalt-on-fluorite nanoparticles with three-dimensional reciprocal space mapping using GIXD, RHEED and GISAXS
In this work epitaxial growth of cobalt on CaF2(111), (110) and (001) surfaces has been extensively studied. It has been shown by atomic force microscopy that at selected growth conditions stand-alone faceted Co nanoparticles are formed on a fluorite surface. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) studies have revealed that the particles crystallize in the face-centered cubic lattice structure otherwise non-achievable in bulk cobalt under normal conditions. The particles were found to inherit lattice orientation from the underlying CaF2 layer. Three-dimensional re...
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - June 7, 2013 Category: Physics Authors: Suturin, S.M.Fedorov, V.V.Korovin, A.M.Valkovskiy, G.A.Konnikov, S.G.Tabuchi, M.Sokolov, N.S. Tags: cobalt-on-fluorite nanoparticles grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) epitaxial growth three-dimensional reciprocal space mapping Source Type: research

Robust structure and morphology parameters for CdS nanoparticles by combining small-angle X-ray scattering and atomic pair distribution function data in a complex modeling framework
In this work, the concept of complex modeling (CM) is tested by carrying out a co-refinement of the atomic pair distribution function and small-angle X-ray scattering data from CdS nanoparticles. It is shown that, compared with either single technique alone, the CM approach yields a more accurate and robust structural insight into the atomic structure and morphology of nanoparticles. This work opens the door for the application of CM to a wider class of nanomaterials and for the incorporation of additional experimental and theoretical techniques into these studies.
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - March 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Farrow, C.Shi, C.Juhás, P.Peng, X.Billinge, S. L. J. Tags: small-angle X-ray scattering CdS nanoparticles complex modeling atomic pair distribution function research papers Source Type: research

Lattice parameters and site occupancy factors of magnetite–maghemite core–shell nanoparticles. A critical study
The size-driven expansion and oxidation-driven contraction phenomena of nonstoichiometric magnetite–maghemite core–shell nanoparticles have been investigated by the total scattering Debye function approach. Results from a large set of samples are discussed in terms of significant effects on the sample average lattice parameter and on the possibility of deriving the sample average oxidation level from accurate, diffraction-based, cell values. Controlling subtle experimental effects affecting the measurement of diffraction angles and correcting for extra-sample scattering contributions to the pattern intensity are crucia...
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - September 30, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Cervellino, A.Frison, R.Cernuto, G.Guagliardi, A.Masciocchi, N. Tags: total scattering Debye function analysis iron oxide nanoparticles magnetite maghemite research papers Source Type: research

The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study: Rationale, Findings, and Future Directions.
Abstract The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study was initiated in 2000, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and support from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, to address major knowledge gaps in the understanding of childhood diabetes. SEARCH is being conducted at five sites across the U.S. and represents the largest, most diverse study of diabetes among U.S. youth. An active registry of youth diagnosed with diabetes at age <20 years allows the assessment of prevalence (in 2001 and 2009), annual incidence (since 2002), and trends by age, ra...
Source: Diabetes Care - November 25, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hamman RF, Bell RA, Dabelea D, D'Agostino RB, Dolan L, Imperatore G, Lawrence JM, Linder B, Marcovina SM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Pihoker C, Rodriguez BL, Saydah S, for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group Tags: Diabetes Care Source Type: research

Determination of the melting temperature of spherical nanoparticles in dilute solution as a function of their radius by exclusively using the small-angle X-ray scattering technique
In this investigation the dependence on radius of the melting temperature of dilute sets of spherical nanocrystals with wide radius distributions was determined by a novel procedure exclusively using the results of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. This procedure is based on the sensitivity of the SAXS function to small and rather sharp variations in the size and electron density of nanocrystals at their melting temperature. The input for this procedure is a set of experimental SAXS intensity functions at selected q values for varying sample temperatures. In practice, the sample is heated from a minimum tem...
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - March 24, 2020 Category: Physics Authors: Kellermann, G. Pereira, F.L.C. Craievich, A.F. Tags: small-angle X-ray scattering SAXS melting nanoparticles thermal expansion size-dependent contraction research papers Source Type: research

Signature of antiphase boundaries in iron oxide nanoparticles
Iron oxide nanoparticles find a wide variety of applications, including targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia in advanced cancer treatment methods. An important property of these particles is their maximum net magnetization, which has been repeatedly reported to be drastically lower than the bulk reference value. Previous studies have shown that planar lattice defects known as antiphase boundaries (APBs) have an important influence on the particle magnetization. The influence of APBs on the atomic spin structure of nanoparticles with the γ -Fe2O3 composition is examined via Monte Carlo simulations, explicitly considerin...
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - November 16, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: K ö hler, T. Feoktystov, A. Petracic, O. Nandakumaran, N. Cervellino, A. Br ü ckel, T. Tags: nanoparticles X-ray powder diffraction Monte Carlo simulations Debye scattering equation antiphase boundaries research papers Source Type: research

Prevalence, Characteristics and Clinical Diagnosis of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Due to Mutations in HNF1A, HNF4A, and Glucokinase: Results from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth.
Conclusions/Interpretation:In this systematic study of MODY in a large pediatric US diabetes cohort, unselected by referral pattern or family history, MODY was usually misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated with insulin. While many type 2 diabetes-like metabolic features were less common in the mutation-positive group, no single characteristic identified all patients with mutations. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of MODY diagnosis, particularly in antibody negative youth with diabetes. PMID: 23771925 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - June 14, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gilliam LK, Pihoker C, Ellard S, Hattersley AT, Dabelea D, Davis C, Dolan LM, Greenbaum CJ, Imperatore G, Lawrence JM, Marcovina SM, Mayer-Davis E, Rodriguez BL, Steck AK, Williams DE, for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Toxicity of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dot Nanoparticles in Mammalian Hepatocytes
There are an increasing number of studies indicating that mitochondria are relevant targets in nanomaterial-induced toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which nanoparticles (NPs) interact with these organelles and affect their functions are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cadmium telluride quantum dot (CdTe-QD) NPs on mitochondria in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. CdTe-QD treatment resulted in the enlargement of mitochondria as examined with transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. CdTe-QDs appeared to associate with the isolated mitochondria as dete...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - June 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Nguyen, K. C., Rippstein, P., Tayabali, A. F., Willmore, W. G. Tags: Quantum Dot Nanoparticles and Mitochondrial Function Source Type: research

A weight-of-evidence approach to identify nanomaterials in consumer products: a case study of nanoparticles in commercial sunscreens
ery A Steevens
Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology - September 16, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Michael F CuddyAimee R PodaRobert D MoserCharles A WeissCarolyn CairnsJeffery A Steevens Tags: FFF nanoparticles sunscreen TiO2 Weight-of-evidence ZnO Source Type: research

Gold Nanoparticles Increase Endothelial Paracellular Permeability by Altering Components of Endothelial Tight Junctions, and Increase Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Mice
Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are being increasingly used as constituents in cosmetics, biosensors, bioimaging, photothermal therapy, and targeted drug delivery. This elevated exposure to Au-NPs poses systemic risks in humans, particularly risks associated with the biodistribution of Au-NPs and their potent interaction with biological barriers. We treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells with Au-NPs and comprehensively examined the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as occludin, claudin-5, junctional adhesion molecules, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), as well as endothelial paracellular permeability ...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - October 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Li, C.-H., Shyu, M.-K., Jhan, C., Cheng, Y.-W., Tsai, C.-H., Liu, C.-W., Lee, C.-C., Chen, R.-M., Kang, J.-J. Tags: Gold Nanoparticles and Blood Brain Barrier Permeability Source Type: research