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Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 1007: The Digital Twin Paradigm Applied to Soil Quality Assessment: A Systematic Literature Review
This study was carried out through an exhaustive search of scientific literature on five different databases. A total of 158 articles were extracted as a result of this search. After a first screening process, only 11 articles were considered to be aligned with the current topic. Subsequently, these articles were categorised to extract all relevant information, using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methods. Based on the obtained results, there are two main conclusions to draw: First, when compared with industrial processes, there is only a very slight rising trend regarding the use of...
Source: Sensors - January 15, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Let ícia Silva Francisco Rodr íguez-Sedano Paula Baptista Jo ão Paulo Coelho Tags: Review Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 1000: Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Polynomial Approximation Models for Reflectance Spectra Reconstruction
This study compared two modelling approaches based on a training set of RGB-reflectance pairs, one implementing artificial neural networks (ANN) and the other one using multivariate polynomial approximation (PA). The effect of various parameters was investigated: the ANN learning algorithm—standard backpropagation (BP) or Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), the number of hidden layers (HLs) and neurons, the degree of multivariate polynomials in PA, the number of inputs, and the training set size on both models. In the two-layer ANN with significantly fewer inputs than outputs, a better MSE performance was found where t...
Source: Sensors - January 15, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mihael Lazar Ale š Hladnik Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 995: Review of Sensor Technology to Support Automated Air-to-Air Refueling of a Probe Configured Uncrewed Aircraft
ard As technologies advance and applications for uncrewed aircraft increase, the capability to conduct automated air-to-air refueling becomes increasingly important. This paper provides a review of required sensors to enable automated air-to-air refueling for an uncrewed aircraft, as well as a review of published research on the topic. Automated air-to-air refueling of uncrewed aircraft eliminates the need for ground infrastructure for intermediate refueling, as well as the need for on-site personnel. Automated air-to-air refueling potentially supports civilian applications such as weather monitoring, surveillance for ...
Source: Sensors - January 15, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jonathon Parry Sarah Hubbard Tags: Review Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 974: Specular Reflections Detection and Removal for Endoscopic Images Based on Brightness Classification
Yunxue Hu Specular Reflections often exist in the endoscopic image, which not only hurts many computer vision algorithms but also seriously interferes with the observation and judgment of the surgeon. The information behind the recovery specular reflection areas is a necessary pre-processing step in medical image analysis and application. The existing highlight detection method is usually only suitable for medium-brightness images. The existing highlight removal method is only applicable to images without large specular regions, when dealing with high-resolution medical images with complex texture information, not only...
Source: Sensors - January 14, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Chao Nie Chao Xu Zhengping Li Lingling Chu Yunxue Hu Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 897: Real-Time Human Motion Tracking by Tello EDU Drone
ard Human movement tracking is useful in a variety of areas, such as search-and-rescue activities. CCTV and IP cameras are popular as front-end sensors for tracking human motion; however, they are stationary and have limited applicability in hard-to-reach places, such as those where disasters have occurred. Using a drone to discover a person is challenging and requires an innovative approach. In this paper, we aim to present the design and implementation of a human motion tracking method using a Tello EDU drone. The design methodology is carried out in four steps: (1) control panel design; (2) human motion tracking alg...
Source: Sensors - January 12, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Anuparp Boonsongsrikul Jirapon Eamsaard Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 829: Vision-Based Autonomous Following of a Moving Platform and Landing for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
m Basiri Interest in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has increased due to their versatility and variety of applications, however their battery life limits their applications. Heterogeneous multi-robot systems can offer a solution to this limitation, by allowing an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) to serve as a recharging station for the aerial one. Moreover, cooperation between aerial and terrestrial robots allows them to overcome other individual limitations, such as communication link coverage or accessibility, and to solve highly complex tasks, e.g., environment exploration, infrastructure inspection or search and resc...
Source: Sensors - January 11, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jes ús Morales Isabel Castelo Rodrigo Serra Pedro U. Lima Meysam Basiri Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 828: Smart Wearables for the Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review
Conclusions: The results clearly show that interest in this topic has increased. Although the results show that smart wearables are quite accurate in detecting, predicting, and even treating cardiovascular disease, further research is needed to improve their use.
Source: Sensors - January 11, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mohammad Moshawrab Mehdi Adda Abdenour Bouzouane Hussein Ibrahim Ali Raad Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 786: Ultra-High Capacity Optical Satellite Communication System Using PDM-256-QAM and Optical Angular Momentum Beams
Ill Chul Doo Twisted light beams such as optical angular momentum (OAM) with numerous possible orthogonal states have drawn the prodigious contemplation of researchers. OAM multiplexing is a futuristic multi-access technique that has not been scrutinized for optical satellite communication (OSC) systems thus far, and it opens up a new window for ultra-high-capacity systems. This paper presents the 4.8 Tbps (5 wavelengths × 3 OAM beams × 320 Gbps) ultra-high capacity OSC system by incorporating polarization division multiplexed (PDM) 256-Quadrature amplitude modulation (256-QAM) and OAM be...
Source: Sensors - January 10, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Shippu Sachdeva Simarpreet Kaur Romisha Arora Manoj Sindhwani Krishan Arora Woong Cho Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Ill Chul Doo Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 788: Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Ensuring Security and Privacy Aspects in Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review
ár As the Internet of Things (IoT) concept materialized worldwide in complex ecosystems, the related data security and privacy issues became apparent. While the system elements and their communication paths could be protected individually, generic, ecosystem-wide approaches were sought after as well. On a parallel timeline to IoT, the concept of distributed ledgers and blockchains came into the technological limelight. Blockchains offer many advantageous features in relation to enhanced security, anonymity, increased capacity, and peer-to-peer capabilities. Although blockchain technology can provide IoT with effective...
Source: Sensors - January 10, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Haider Dhia Zubaydi P ál Varga S ándor Molnár Tags: Review Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 784: Driver Identification Using Statistical Features of Motor Activity and Genetic Algorithms
illalba-Condori Driver identification refers to the process whose primary purpose is identifying the person behind the steering wheel using collected information about the driver him/herself. The constant monitoring of drivers through sensors generates great benefits in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), to learn more about the behavior of road users. Currently, there are many research works that address the subject in search of creating intelligent models that help to identify vehicle users in an efficient and objective way. However, the different methodologies proposed to create these models are based on data...
Source: Sensors - January 10, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Carlos H. Espino-Salinas Huizilopoztli Luna-Garc ía Jos é M. Celaya-Padilla Jorge A. Morgan-Benita Cesar Vera-Vasquez Wilson J. Sarmiento Carlos E. Galv án-Tejada Jorge I. Galv án-Tejada Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales Klinge Orlando Villalba-Condori Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 782: A Quantum Annealing Bat Algorithm for Node Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
ng Lv Node localization in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) space for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) remains a hot research topic. To improve the localization accuracy and applicability, we first propose a quantum annealing bat algorithm (QABA) for node localization in WSNs. QABA incorporates quantum evolution and annealing strategy into the framework of the bat algorithm to improve local and global search capabilities, achieve search balance with the aid of tournament and natural selection, and finally converge to the best optimized value. Additionally, we use trilateral localization and geometric feat...
Source: Sensors - January 10, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Shujie Yu Jianping Zhu Chunfeng Lv Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 774: Person Re-Identification Based on Contour Information Embedding
Wang Person re-identification (Re-ID) plays an important role in the search for missing people and the tracking of suspects. Person re-identification based on deep learning has made great progress in recent years, and the application of the pedestrian contour feature has also received attention. In the study, we found that pedestrian contour feature is not enough in the representation of CNN. On this basis, in order to improve the recognition performance of Re-ID network, we propose a contour information extraction module (CIEM) and a contour information embedding method, so that the network can focus on more contour ...
Source: Sensors - January 10, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hao Chen Yan Zhao Shigang Wang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 815: Using Whale Optimization Algorithm and Haze Level Information in a Model-Based Image Dehazing Algorithm
This study focuses on a model-based algorithm. A popular model-based method is dark channel prior (DCP) which has attracted a lot of attention because of its simplicity and effectiveness. In DCP-based methods, the model parameters should be appropriately estimated for better performance. Previously, we found that appropriate scaling factors of model parameters helped dehazing performance and proposed an improved DCP (IDCP) method that uses heuristic scaling factors for the model parameters (atmospheric light and initial transmittance). With the IDCP, this paper presents an approach to find optimal scaling factors using the...
Source: Sensors - January 10, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Cheng-Hsiung Hsieh Ze-Yu Chen Yi-Hung Chang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 755: Adaptive Aquila Optimizer Combining Niche Thought with Dispersed Chaotic Swarm
Xiaoyan Li The Aquila Optimizer (AO) is a new bio-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by Aquila’s hunting behavior. Adaptive Aquila Optimizer Combining Niche Thought with Dispersed Chaotic Swarm (NCAAO) is proposed to address the problem that although the Aquila Optimizer (AO) has a strong global exploration capability, it has an insufficient local exploitation capability and a slow convergence rate. First, to improve the diversity of populations in the algorithm and the uniformity of distribution in the search space, DLCS chaotic mapping is used to generate the initial populations so that the alg...
Source: Sensors - January 9, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yue Zhang Xiping Xu Ning Zhang Kailin Zhang Weida Dong Xiaoyan Li Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 704: Sine-SSA-BP Ship Trajectory Prediction Based on Chaotic Mapping Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm
Conclusions: The test results show that the Sine-SSA-BP neural network has higher prediction accuracy and better stability than conventional LSTM and SVM, especially in the prediction of corners, which is in good agreement with the real ship navigation trajectory.
Source: Sensors - January 8, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yuanzhou Zheng Lei Li Long Qian Bosheng Cheng Wenbo Hou Yuan Zhuang Tags: Article Source Type: research