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Norovirus in retail shellfish.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Norovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with consumption of raw shellfish. The majority of norovirus infections worldwide are due to genogroup II noroviruses. Bivalve molluscs (mussels, clams and oysters) at the end of the commercial chain, the points of purchase, were sampled between 2005 and 2008 in several retail points in Apulia, Italy, and screened by a semi-nested RT-PCR specific for genogroup II noroviruses. Noroviral RNA was detected in 12.1% of the samples, with lower frequency being observed in samples obtained from hypermarkets (8.1%) rather than in samples from open-air markets a...
Source: Food Microbiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Terio V, Martella V, Moschidou P, Di Pinto P, Tantillo G, Buonavoglia C Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: journals

Efficacy of Chemical Treatments Against Murine Norovirus, Feline Calicivirus, and MS2 BacteriophageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)
Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease - November 17, 2009 Category: Food Science Tags: article Source Type: journals

The virus that bugged Anna Friel's West End showEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As the Health Protection Agency reports a rise in outbreaks of norovirus, the winter vomiting bug, DR ELLIE CANNON explains how to deal with it. (Source: the Mail online | Health)
Source: the Mail online | Health - November 14, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Hospital Admissions Due to Norovirus in Adult and Elderly Patients in EnglandEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Norovirus generally causes a mild illness in the community. However, modeling routine hospital admission statistics, we estimate that ∼3000 norovirus admissions to English hospitals occur per year, accounting for 0.3% and 0.1% of emergency admissions among elderly and adult patients, respectively, at times of peak activity. These admissions pose a risk for subsequent nosocomial infection outbreaks. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - November 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article BRIEF REPORT Source Type: journals

Norovirus detectable in groundwaterEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 12 (UPI) -- U.S. researchers found norovirus -- stomach flu -- RNA detectable in groundwater for more than 18 months. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)
Source: Health News - UPI.com - November 12, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Emory Researchers Present Findings On Worksite Wellness Programs, Norovirus And More At American Public Health Association MeetingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Emory University Rollins School of Public Health researchers will present Nov. 11 on a range of topics at the American Public Health Association's annual meeting in Philadelphia, including a study that found reduced absenteeism among employees participating in a large-scale worksite wellness program. Additional public health research findings from Emory scientists are highlighted below. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 11, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Preventive Medicine Source Type: news

Emory Researchers Present Findings On Worksite Wellness Programs, Norovirus And More At American Public Health Association MeetingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Emory University Rollins School of Public Health researchers will present Nov. 11 on a range of topics at the American Public Health Association's annual meeting in Philadelphia, including a study that found reduced absenteeism among employees participating in a large-scale worksite wellness program. Additional public health research findings from Emory scientists are highlighted below. (Source: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today)
Source: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today - November 11, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Preventive Medicine Source Type: news

Enhanced detection and study of murine norovirus-1 using a more efficient microglial cell lineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Results obtained from these studies demonstrate that an immortalized microglial cell line can support MNV-1 replication and provides a more efficient method to detect and study murine noroviruses, facilitating future investigations using MNV-1 as a model to study, detect, and control Human Norovirus. (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - November 10, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Courtney CoxShengbo CaoYuanan Lu Source Type: journals

Occurrence of Bacteria and Viruses on Elementary Classroom Surfaces and the Potential Role of Classroom Hygiene in the Spread of Infectious Diseases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The presence of microorganisms on common classroom contact surfaces (fomites) was determined to identify the areas most likely to become contaminated. Six elementary classrooms were divided into control and intervention groups (cleaned daily with a quaternary ammonium wipe) and tested for heterotrophic bacteria. Three classrooms were also tested for norovirus and influenza A virus. Frequently used fomites were the most contaminated; water fountain toggles, pencil sharpeners, keyboards, and faucet handles were the most bacterially contaminated; desktops, faucet handles, and paper towel dispensers were the most contamina...
Source: The Journal of School Nursing - November 10, 2009 Category: Nursing Authors: Bright KR, Boone SA, Gerba CP Tags: J Sch Nurs Source Type: journals

A foodborne outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis associated with a Christmas dinner in Porto, Portugal, December 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An outbreak of acute norovirus gastroenteritis was detected and epidemiologically linked to a Christmas dinner reunion of 22 recent graduate students in a restaurant in Porto, Portugal, in December 2008. A retrospective cohort study was carried out using online standardised questionnaires. Sixteen primary and three secondary cases were identified and the risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals for each food item were calculated. The response rate to the online questionnaires was 96%. The outbreak met all four Kaplan s criteria and the attack rate was 73%. Norovirus GII.4 2006b was detected in stools and emesis sample...
Source: Euro Surveill - November 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mesquita JR, Nascimento MS Tags: Euro Surveill Source Type: journals

Poorly Cleaned Public Cruise Ship Restrooms May Predict Norovirus OutbreaksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is the first study of environmental hygiene on cruise ships. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - November 3, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

Norovirus: Poorly Cleaned Public Cruise Ship Restrooms May Predict OutbreaksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A team of researchers from Boston University School (BUSM), Carney Hospital, Cambridge Health Alliance and Tufts University School of Medicine, have found that widespread poor compliance with regular cleaning of public restrooms on cruise ships may predict subsequent norovirus infection outbreaks (NoVOs). (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 3, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses Source Type: news

Poorly cleaned public cruise ship restrooms may predict norovirus outbreaksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study, which appears in the Nov. 1 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, is the first study of environmental hygiene on cruise ships. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 2, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Review: Norovirus gastroenteritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: N Engl J Med Area: News Noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis and an important cause of sporadic gastroenteritis in both children and adults. This review in the New England Journal of Medicine discusses the following topics: . Characteristics and evolution of norovirus . Laboratory diagnosis . Epidemiology and transmission . Clinical features . Pathogenesis . Host susceptibility . Immunity . Prevention and control . Vaccines . Treatment (Source: NeLM - News)
Source: NeLM - News - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

Current concepts: norovirus gastroenteritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Norwalk agent was the first virus that was identified as causing gastroenteritis in humans, but recognition of its importance as a pathogen has been limited because of the lack of available, sensitive, and routine diagnostic methods. Recent advances in understanding the molecular biology of the noroviruses, coupled with applications of novel diagnostic techniques, have radically altered our appreciation of their impact. Noroviruses are now recognized as being the leading cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis and an important cause of sporadic gastroenteritis in both children and adults. Although norovirus gastroenterit...
Source: NHS Evidence - Gastroenterology and liver diseases - News - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: organizations

Current Concepts: Norovirus GastroenteritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Noroviruses are now recognized as the leading cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis and an important cause of sporadic gastroenteritis among both children and adults. In the United States, more than 90% of the outbreaks of gastroenteritis for which the cause could not previously be identified can now be attributed to this virus. Understanding the nature of immunity to the norovirus is a key determinant for future improvements in the control and prevention of this viral infection. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - October 28, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Glass, R. I., Parashar, U. D., Estes, M. K. Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

CME: Norovirus GastroenteritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - October 28, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: journals

GPs warn winter vomiting bug cases rising at same time as swine fluEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
GPs are urging patients with minor illnesses to stay away from surgeries as a combination of the winter vomiting bug and the second wave of swine flu threaten to swamp family doctors. (Source: The Telegraph : Swine Flu A H1N1)
Source: The Telegraph : Swine Flu A H1N1 - October 27, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: norovirus winter vomiting bug swine flu vaccine rcgp Source Type: news

Poorly Cleaned Public Cruise Ship Restrooms May Predict Norovirus OutbreaksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study, which appears in the November 1st issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, is the first study of environmental hygiene on cruise ships. (Source: Boston University News Releases)
Source: Boston University News Releases - October 27, 2009 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Gina M. Digravio Source Type: news

Detection of noroviruses in fecal specimens by direct RT-PCR without RNA purification.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates a method for easy detection of norovirus in fecal specimens, involving one-step RNA release and direct use of the released RNA for RT-PCR (direct RT-PCR). For one-step RNA release, a simple method was adopted based on addition of the Sample Treatment Reagent from a commercialized Norovirus GI and GII RNA Detection Kit to suspended fecal specimens, followed by a brief heat treatment. The released RNA was then added directly to the RT mixture from the same kit. After reverse transcription and PCR, the product was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Direct RT-PCR was evaluated with 275 fecal speci...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - October 27, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Nishimura N, Nakayama H, Yoshizumi S, Miyoshi M, Tonoike H, Shirasaki Y, Kojima K, Ishida S Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: journals

Application of a modified loop-mediated isothermal amplification kit for detecting Norovirus genogroups I and IIEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Norovirus is a major etiologic agent in worldwide outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with food as well as person-to-person transmission. The ubiquitous nature of Norovirus necessitates simple and rapid detection methods with high accuracy and sensitivity. To this end, several investigators have evaluated the usefulness of commercial reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) kits for detecting Norovirus genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). In previous studies, the conventional Loopamp kit for Norovirus GII showed a relatively high detection rate, while that for Norovirus GI showed a relatively l...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - October 25, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Tomoko Yoda, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Kenji Yamazaki, Naomi Sakon, Masashi Kanki, Tetsuo Kase, Kazuo Takahashi, Kiyoshi Inoue Tags: Research Article Source Type: journals

Norovirus cases 'on the rise'Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Norovirus cases are increasing claims a leading law firm while cruise lines and hotels are not doing enough to follow guidelines. (Source: Telegraph Health)
Source: Telegraph Health - October 23, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: cruise norovirus health illness sickness hotels travel guidelines legal action law firm statistics Source Type: news

Development of a Fluorescent in situ Method for Visualization of Enteric Viruses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report a fluorescent labeling strategy which was applied to murine norovirus (MNV-1), a human norovirus surrogate and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Specifically, streptavidin-labeled Quantum dots (Q-Dots) were bound to biotinylated capsids of MNV-1 and HAV (bio-MNV-1 and bio-HAV) which was confirmed using a sandwich- type approach in which streptavidin-bound plates were reacted with biotinylated virus followed by a secondary binding to Q-Dots 655. The assay demonstrated a relative fluorescence of 528 +/- 48.1 and 112 +/- 8.6 for bio-MNV-1 and control MNV-1, respectively. The biotinylation process did not impac...
Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology - October 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rawsthorne H, Phister TG, Jaykus LA Tags: Appl Environ Microbiol Source Type: journals

112 pupils struck by norovirusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Health officials have warned of a suspected outbreak of the norovirus at a Worcestershire school after more than 100 pupils became ill (Source: Nursing in Practice)
Source: Nursing in Practice - October 21, 2009 Category: Nursing Source Type: news

A foodborne outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis associated with a Christmas dinner in Porto, Portugal, December 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An outbreak of acute norovirus gastroenteritis was detected and epidemiologically linked to a Christmas dinner reunion of 22 recent graduate students in a restaurant in Porto, Portugal, in December 2008. A retrospective cohort study was carried out using online standardised questionnaires. Sixteen primary and three secondary cases were identified and the risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals for each food item were calculated. The response rate to the online questionnaires was 96%. The outbreak met all four Kaplan's criteria and the attack rate was 73%. Norovirus GII.4 2006b was detected in stools and emesis samples of...
Source: Eurosurveillance latest news - October 15, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

Evidence of the co-circulation of enteric viruses in sewage and in the population of Greater CairoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The comparison of environmental and clinical data suggests that similar RV and NoV isolates were circulating in the environment and in the population during the same period.Significance and Impact of the Study: Few studies have investigated the prevalence and the epidemiology of RVs and NoVs in Cairo. This work is the first to establish a correlation between viral gastroenteritis and the concomitant presence of enteric viruses in the environment for Greater Cairo where combined environmental and clinical surveys should help to prevent infections caused by these major pathogens. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology - October 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: A.H. Kamel, M.A. Ali, H.G. El-Nady, S. Aho, P. Pothier, G. Belliot Source Type: journals

Frozen Assets: Decades-old Frozen Infant Stool Samples Provide Clues To Norovirus EvolutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A search through decades-old frozen infant stool samples has yielded rich dividends for scientists. They have customized a laboratory technique to screen thousands of samples for norovirus, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in people of all ages. What they discovered about the rate of evolution of a specific group of noroviruses could help researchers develop specific antiviral drugs and, potentially, a vaccine against a disease that is very unpleasant and sometimes deadly. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - October 11, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

Norovirus Gastroenteritis Likely Underdiagnosed in Stem Cell Transplant RecipientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Noroviruses are an under-appreciated cause of prolonged morbidity and mortality in adult recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), UK-based researchers report in the Oct. 1 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)
Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines - October 9, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Norovirus Outbreaks on Three College Campuses --- California, Michigan, and Wisconsin, 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)
Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - October 9, 2009 Category: American Health Source Type: organizations

Molecular detection of kobuviruses and recombinant noroviruses in cattle in continental EuropeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Two genotypes (Jena and Newbury2) and two intergenotype recombinant strains have been recognized in bovine noroviruses. Several studies have shown an apparent predominance of bovine infection with Newbury2-related (genotype 2) strains. Bovine stool samples were screened with two primer pairs targeting both the polymerase and the capsid genes. Among the predominant genotype 2 sequences, two were genetically related to the recombinant strain Thirsk10. The detection of sequences genetically related to Thirsk10, together with the very low rate of detection of Jena-related sequences, characterized the ...
Source: Archives of Virology - October 9, 2009 Category: Virology Tags: Archives of Virology Source Type: journals

Norovirus outbreaks on three college campuses --- california, michigan, and wisconsin, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the investigations of these outbreaks, which resulted in a total of approximately 1,000 cases of reported illness, including at least 10 hospitalizations, and prompted closure of one of the three campuses. Median duration of the three outbreaks was 19 days (range: 16--20 days), and the attack rates ranged from 1.5% to 12.9%. Because of the potential for widespread infection and rapid transmission on college campuses, efforts to prevent and control norovirus outbreaks in these settings should focus on promoting hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and exclusion of ill food workers. PMID: 1981...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Norovirus outbreaks on three college campuses - California, Michigan, and Wisconsin, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the investigations of these outbreaks, which resulted in a total of approximately 1,000 cases of reported illness, including at least 10 hospitalizations, and prompted closure of one of the three campuses. Median duration of the three outbreaks was 19 days (range: 16-20 days), and the attack rates ranged from 1.5% to 12.9%. Because of the potential for widespread infection and rapid transmission on college campuses, efforts to prevent and control norovirus outbreaks in these settings should focus on promoting hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and exclusion of ill food workers. PMID: 19816...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

College campuses at risk for norovirusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ATLANTA, Oct. 8 (UPI) -- Three norovirus outbreaks on college campuses in California, Michigan and Wisconsin were investigated, federal health officials said. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)
Source: Health News - UPI.com - October 8, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Cruise Ship Environmental Hygiene and the Risk of Norovirus Infection Outbreaks: An Objective Assessment of 56 Vessels over 3 YearsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Background. Norovirus infection outbreaks (NoVOs) occur frequently in closed populations, such as cruise ship passengers. Environmental contamination is believed to play an important role in NoVO propagation. Methods. Trained health care professionals covertly evaluated the thoroughness of disinfection cleaning (TDC) of 6 standardized objects (toilet seat, flush handle or button, toilet stall inner handhold, stall inner door handle, restroom inner door handle, and baby changing table surfaces) with high potential for fecal contamination...
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - October 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article MAJOR ARTICLE Source Type: journals

Porcine noroviruses and sapoviruses on Korean swine farmsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a total of 537 porcine fecal samples collected from 64 swine farms in Korea were tested. Among 537 samples, porcine NoVs were detected by semi-nested RT-PCR in ten samples (1.9%), and porcine SaVs were detected by RT-PCR in 60 samples (11.2%), showing their circulation in Korea. The porcine NoVs were genetically related to strains of genotypes 11 and 18, of genogroup II (GII) of the genus Norovirus. The porcine SaV strains were genetically related to the porcine enteric calicivirus Cowden strain and to the previously identified Korean porcine strains in genogroup III (GIII) of the genus Sapovirus. In no ...
Source: Archives of Virology - October 8, 2009 Category: Virology Tags: Archives of Virology Source Type: journals

Insights into the Enzyme-Substrate Interaction in the Norovirus 3C-like ProteaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Glu54 residue of the norovirus 3C-like protease was implicated in proteolysis as a third-member carboxylate of the catalytic triad. The E54L mutant protease cleaved the sequence 133LSFE/AP between the 3B and 3C regions of norovirus polyprotein, but did not cleave the sequence 198ATSE/GK between the 3A and 3B. The 3BC junction mutation (3B-L133A or 3B-F135S) hampered the cleavage by the E54L protease, whereas the 3AB junction mutation (3A-A198L, S200F) allowed the E54L protease to digest. These results indicate that the E54L mutant protease is a substrate-specificity mutant and requires large hydrophobic amino acid resi...
Source: Journal of Biochemistry - October 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Someya, Y., Takeda, N. Tags: Regular Paper Source Type: journals

QCM-D studies of human norovirus VLPs binding to glycosphingolipids in supported lipid bilayers reveal strain-specific characteristicsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Susceptibility to norovirus infection has been linked to secretor status. Norovirus virus-like particles (VLPs; 0– 20 µg/mL) from the Norwalk (GI.1) and Dijon (GII.4) strains were assayed for binding to H type 1 and Lewis a pentaglycosylceramides, incorporated in laterally fluid supported lipid bilayers. Binding kinetics was monitored in real time in 40 µL stationary reaction chambers, using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring. Both strains displayed binding only to H type 1 and not to Lewis a glycosphingolipids, typical for epithelial cells of susceptible and resistant individ...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Rydell, G. E, Dahlin, A. B, Hook, F., Larson, G. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Differences in clinical presentation between norovirus genotypes in nursing homesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Genotype GII.4 was found to be related to more symptomatic disease, including more residents vomiting, and to a lesser extent, higher attack rates among residents. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 5, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: I.H.M. Friesema, H. Vennema, J.C.M. Heijne, C.M. de Jager, P.F.M. Teunis, R. van der Linde, E. Duizer, Y.T.H.P. van Duynhoven Tags: Full length articles Source Type: journals

NIAID Researchers Turn To Unique Resource For Clues To Norovirus EvolutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A search through decades-old frozen infant stool samples has yielded rich dividends for scientists from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health. The team customized a laboratory technique to screen thousands of samples for norovirus, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in people of all ages. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - October 3, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses Source Type: news

Frozen Assets: NIAID Researchers Turn to Unique Resource for Clues to Norovirus EvolutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Related MedlinePlus Topic: Gastroenteritis (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)
Source: MedlinePlus Health News - October 2, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: consumer

Frozen Assets: NIAID Researchers Turn to Unique Resource for Clues to Norovirus EvolutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A search through decades-old frozen infant stool samples has yielded rich dividends for scientists from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health. The team customized a laboratory technique to screen thousands of samples for norovirus, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in people of all ages. What they discovered about the rate of evolution of a specific group of noroviruses could help researchers develop specific antiviral drugs and, potentially, a vaccine against a disease that is very unpleasant and sometimes deadly. (Source: National Insti...
Source: National Institutes of Health (NIH) News Releases - October 1, 2009 Category: American Health Source Type: news

Frozen assets: NIAID researchers turn to unique resource for clues to norovirus evolutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A search through decades-old frozen infant stool samples has yielded rich dividends for NIAID scientists. The team customized a laboratory technique to screen thousands of samples for norovirus, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in people of all ages. What they discovered about the rate of evolution of a specific group of noroviruses could help researchers develop specific antiviral drugs and, potentially, a vaccine against a disease that is very unpleasant and sometimes deadly. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - October 1, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Probe of Norovirus Outbreaks Yields LTC CluesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An investigation of a string of norovirus outbreaks in one long-term care facility has yielded insights into how the gastroenteritis virus might spread in an institution, as well as how infection-control lapses might compound such viral outbreaks. (Source: Caring for the Ages)
Source: Caring for the Ages - September 30, 2009 Category: Health Management Authors: KEITH HAGLUND Source Type: news

Molecular Characterization of Murine Norovirus Isolates from South Korea.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The recently discovered murine norovirus (MNV) is an important surrogate virus for studying the human norovirus (NoV) because of its ability to replicate in conventional cell cultures using mouse macrophage cell lines. In addition, the impact of MNV is significant due to the high prevalence of MNV in commonly used laboratory animals in biomedical research. The prevalence and molecular characteristics of MNV could differ in various regions of the world. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to determine the prevalence of MNV in animal laboratories in South Korea and 2) to compare and characterize novel MNV iso...
Source: Virus Research - September 28, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Kim M, Lee H, Chang KO, Ko G Tags: Virus Res Source Type: journals

Characterisation of a GII-4 norovirus variant-specific surface-exposed site involved in antibody bindingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: As predicted by our earlier study, significant amino acid changes at site A and site B give rise to GII-4 norovirus epidemic variants that are antibody escape mutants. (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - September 24, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: David AllenRob NoadDhan SamuelJim GrayPolly RoyMiren Iturriza-Gomara Source Type: journals

Nosocomial infectionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Hospital patients are susceptible to infection because of their underlying diseases and medical interventions such as surgery, intubation or antibiotic use, and also their exposure to micro-organisms from other patients, the hospital environment or hospital staff. An average of 5–10% of in-patients have a nosocomial infection, with highest rates in surgical and intensive care units. Most of these infections fall into one of five categories: line-associated infections and bacteraemia, surgical wound infection, nosocomial pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and gastrointestinal infection, incl...
Source: Medicine - September 22, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Aodhán S. Breathnach Tags: Nosocomial Source Type: journals

Molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus and adenovirus serotypes 40/41 strains related to acute diarrhea in Tunisian childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human astrovirus (AstV) and adenovirus types 40 and 41 (AdV 40/41) are responsible for epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in children in Tunisia. A total of 788 fecal samples were collected during a 4-year period in the region of Monastir, from children under 12 years old, hospitalized or presenting in dispensaries with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. AstV and AdV40/41 were detected by immunoenzymatic methods and confirmed by PCR/RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analyses were perfo...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 21, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Khira Sdiri-Loulizi, Hakima Gharbi-Khelifi, Alexis de Rougemont, Mouna Hassine, Slaheddine Chouchane, Nabil Sakly, Pierre Pothier, Mohamed Neji Guédiche, Mahjoub Aouni, Katia Ambert-Balay Tags: Research Article Source Type: journals

Prevalence of diarrhea viruses in hospitalized children in Hong Kong in 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A total of 209 stool samples were collected from pediatric patients admitted for acute gastroenteritis in a hospital in Hong Kong, during an 8-month period from January to August 2008, and were tested for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus using a multiplex RT-PCR assay. The most common virus was rotavirus group A (59 of 209, 28%, mainly serotypes G1, G2, G3, and G9), followed by norovirus group II (48 of 209, 23%), adenovirus (7 of 209, 3%, serotypes 2, 3, and 41), and sapovirus (2 of 209, 1%). Interestingly, none of the specimens in this study were positive for astrovirus. One sam...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 21, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Cheryl S.Y. Li, Paul K.S. Chan, Julian W. Tang Tags: Research Article Source Type: journals

Molecular detection and prevalence of porcine caliciviruses in eastern China from 2008 to 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that PoSaVs and PoNoVs exist in swine in eastern China. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-009-0487-5Authors Quan Shen, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai People’s Republic of ChinaWen Zhang, Jiangsu University School of Medical Technology 301 Xuefu Road 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu People’s Republic of ChinaShixing Yang, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture ...
Source: Archives of Virology - September 18, 2009 Category: Virology Tags: Archives of Virology Source Type: journals

New filter for airplanes 'could reduce the spread of swine flu and norovirus'Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A new way to filter the air on airplanes could reduce the spread of swine flu and norovirus according to inventors. (Source: The Telegraph : Swine Flu A H1N1)
Source: The Telegraph : Swine Flu A H1N1 - September 15, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: air filter plane swine Source Type: news