Ophthalmoscopy This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

Automatic detection of modal spacing (Yellott's ring) in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images
ConclusionsWe developed and validated an automated algorithm based on the power spectrum for extracting estimates of cone spacing, from which estimates of density can be derived. This approach may be used to estimate cone density in images where not every single cone is visible, though caution is needed, as this robustness becomes a weakness when dealing with images from patients with some retinal diseases. This study represents an important first step in carefully assessing the relative utility of metrics for analysing the photoreceptor mosaic, and similar analyses of other metrics/algorithms are needed. (Source: Ophthalm...
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - May 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Robert F Cooper, Christopher S Langlo, Alfredo Dubra, Joseph Carroll Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jordan: Prevalence and associated factors (约旦新诊断2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病视网膜病变：患病率与相关因素)
ConclusionsFewer than one‐tenth of newly diagnosed Jordanian patients with T2DM had DR, but more than one‐third of these patients had significant maculopathy. Therefore, early screening is strongly recommended for all newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Increased age and HbA1c values are associated with increased odds of DR. A study with a larger sample size is needed to elucidate the risk factors for DR in newly diagnosed T2DM. 摘要背景测定约旦新诊断的2型糖尿病患者出现糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率，以及与糖尿病视网膜病变相关的因素。方法在就诊于两个糖尿病保健中�...
Source: Journal of Diabetes - April 26, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hisham Jammal, Yousef Khader, Shadi Alkhatib, Mousa Abujbara, Mousa Alomari, Kamel Ajlouni Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence in Mice: Correlation With HPLC Quantitation of RPE Lipofuscin and Measurement of Retina Outer Nuclear Layer Thickness [Retina]
Conclusions. The qAF method enables measurement of in vivo lipofuscin and the detection of genotype and age-associated differences. The use of this approach has the potential to aid in understanding retinal disease processes and will facilitate preclinical studies. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - April 17, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sparrow, J. R., Blonska, A., Flynn, E., Duncker, T., Greenberg, J. P., Secondi, R., Ueda, K., Delori, F. C. Tags: Retina Source Type: research

Eye exam with indirect ophthalmoscopy for diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis in patients with HIV/AIDS
To the Editor The choroidal tubercle (figure 1) may be the most common manifestation of ocular tuberculosis (TB), and one of the earliest signs of disseminated infection.1 Fuchs described the value of eye examination for detection of choroidal tubercles and diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis in his textbook over a century ago. About half a century later, an autopsy study of miliary tuberculosis in children found that eye examination exceeded chest radiography in diagnostic sensitivity: choroidal tubercles were found in 25/48 (52.1%) of children; positive chest radiography in 18/52 (34.6%).2 In the AIDS era, there have ...
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - April 16, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Heiden, D., Margolis, T. P., Lowinger, A., Saranchuk, P. Tags: Letters Source Type: research

Multifocal ERG Recordings Under Visual Control of the Stimulated Fundus in Mice [Retina]
Conclusions. Areas with decreased sensitivities to light stimulation (either the optic nerve head or damaged retinal areas) can be detected and correlated with the retinal images and in the mfERG responses. We demonstrate that the mfERG technique is able to reproducibly detect the functional consequences of a local treatment. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - April 9, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Dutescu, R. M., Skosyrski, S., Kociok, N., Semkova, I., Mergler, S., Atorf, J., Joussen, A. M., Strauss, O., Kremers, J. Tags: Retina Source Type: research

Retinal nerve fibre layer imaging: comparison of Cirrus optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retinal tomograph 3
ConclusionsRNFL thickness measurements by Cirrus OCT and HRT3 are strongly correlated but significantly different. The differences between paired RNFL measurements are substantial and proportional to the RNFL thickness. The normative diagnostic classification of the 2 technologies may not agree. The results preclude interchangeable use of these measurements in clinical practice. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - April 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Assaf Kratz, Ridia Lim, Ryan Rush, Saumil Sheth, Ivan Goldberg Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Fusion can mask the relationships between fundus torsion, oblique muscle overaction/underaction, and A- and V-pattern strabismus
Purpose: To evaluate relationships between fundus torsion, A- or V-pattern strabismus, and oblique muscle over- or underaction, and to explore the influence of stereopsis on these relationships.Methods: The medical records of patients with A or V patterns and/or abnormal ocular torsion seen at a single institution over nearly 30 years were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected were age, objective fundus torsion (estimated by indirect ophthalmoscopy), horizontal deviations in up- and downgaze, oblique muscle over- or underaction, and stereopsis.Results: A total of 396 patients were included. A patterns were observed in 1...
Source: Journal of AAPOS - April 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Hongwei Deng, Kristina Irsch, Ron Gutmark, Pittaya Phamonvaechavan, Fong-Yee Foo, Didar S. Anwar, David L. Guyton Tags: Major Articles Source Type: research

Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Measurement of Local Fundus Reflectance and Autofluorescence Changes Arising from Rhodopsin Bleaching and Regeneration [Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging]
Conclusions. The bleaching and regeneration kinetics of rhodopsin can be measured locally in the human retina with a widely available SLO. The increased autofluorescence excited by 532 nm light upon bleaching appears primarily due to transient elimination of rhodopsin's screening of autofluorescent fluorochromes in the RPE. The spatially localized measurement with a widely available SLO of rhodopsin, the most abundant protein in the retina, could be a valuable adjunct to retinal health assessment. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - March 27, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Morgan, J. I. W., Pugh, E. N. Tags: Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging Source Type: research

Non-contact ultra-widefield imaging of retinopathy of prematurity using the Optos dual wavelength scanning laser ophthalmoscope
T H M Fung, M M K Muqit, D J Mordant, J Brett, L Smith & E Adams (Source: Eye)
Source: Eye - March 22, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: C K Patel Tags: retinopathy of prematurity ultra-widefield imaging Optos Source Type: research

A master mastering the ophthalmoscope: Eduard von Jaeger
No matter from which perspective one views the history of Ophthalmology, the invention of the ophthalmoscope by Helmholtz stands out as one of the most, if not the most significant event. Several modifications and adaptations followed some surviving and others remaining buried in History. The ophthalmoscope featured on the cover of this issue of the BJO is that of Eduard von Jaeger (1818–1884, figure 1) who was the grandson of George Beer and son of an even more famous ophthalmologist, Friedrick Jaeger. Friedrick Jaeger was mentor and teacher of his son Eduard and of Frédéric Jules Sichel (credited with...
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - March 17, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Keeler, R., Singh, A. D., Dua, H. S. Tags: Optic nerve, Optics and refraction Cover illustration Source Type: research

The Rate of Structural Change: The Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Ancillary Study to the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study
Conclusions: The rate of rim area loss is approximately 5 times faster in eyes in which POAG developed compared with eyes in which it did not. These results suggest that measuring the rate of structural change can provide important information for the clinical management of ocular hypertensive patients. Additional follow-up is needed to determine whether the statistically significant change in the eyes in which POAG did not develop represents normal aging or glaucomatous change not detected by conventional methods. (Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology - March 14, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Linda M. Zangwill, Sonia Jain, Keri Dirkes, Feng He, Felipe A. Medeiros, Gary L. Trick, James D. Brandt, George A. Cioffi, Anne L. Coleman, Jeffrey M. Liebmann, Jody R. Piltz-Seymour, Mae O. Gordon, Michael A. Kass, Robert N. Weinreb, Confocal Scanning La Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Modulation of Transgene Expression in Retinal Gene Therapy by Selective Laser Treatment [Retina]
Conclusions. Microsecond exposures produced by scanning laser destroyed RPE cells selectively, without damage to neural retina. Continuity of RPE layer is restored within days by migration and proliferation, but transgene not integrated into the nucleus is not replicated. Therefore, gene expression can be modulated in a precise manner by controlling the laser pattern density and further adjusted using repeated applications. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - March 13, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Lavinsky, D., Chalberg, T. W., Mandel, Y., Huie, P., Dalal, R., Marmor, M., Palanker, D. Tags: Retina Source Type: research

Cellular imaging demonstrates genetic mosaicism in heterozygous carriers of an X-linked ciliopathy gene
& Stanley Chang (Source: European Journal of Human Genetics)
Source: European Journal of Human Genetics - February 27, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Sung Pyo ParkIn Hwan HongStephen H TsangStanley Chang Tags: X-linked retinitis pigmentosa carrier photoreceptor layer adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy Source Type: research

Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high‐altitude headache
ObjectiveAs inspired oxygen availability falls with ascent to altitude, some individuals develop high‐altitude headache (HAH). We postulated that HAH results when hypoxia‐associated increases in cerebral blood flow occur in the context of restricted venous drainage, and is worsened when cerebral compliance is reduced. We explored this hypothesis in 3 studies. MethodsIn high‐altitude studies, retinal venous distension (RVD) was ophthalmoscopically assessed in 24 subjects (6 female) and sea‐level cranial magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 12 subjects ascending to 5,300m. Correlation of headache burden (summe...
Source: Annals of Neurology - February 26, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Mark H. Wilson, Indran Davagnanam, Graeme Holland, Raj S. Dattani, Alexander Tamm, Shashivadan P. Hirani, Nicky Kolfschoten, Lisa Strycharczuk, Cathy Green, John S. Thornton, Alex Wright, Mark Edsell, Neil D. Kitchen, David J. Sharp, Timothy E. Ham, Andre Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Comparison of Cone Pathologic Changes in Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Types 1 and 2 Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
Conclusions: Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type-specific differences in the distribution of photoreceptor abnormalities were shown in the AO-SLO images. For both idiopathic macular telangiectasia types 1 and 2, visual impairment was associated with cone damage. (Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology - February 26, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sotaro Ooto, Masanori Hangai, Kohei Takayama, Naoko Ueda-Arakawa, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Kenji Yamashiro, Akio Oishi, Masaaki Hanebuchi, Nagahisa Yoshimura Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Absence of clinical correlates of diabetic retinopathy in the Ins2Akita retina
ConclusionsOur results indicate that the classical clinical correlates of human DR are absent in Ins2Akita mice up to 6 months of age suggesting that either the histopathological processes underlying the development of DR in this model require longer than 5 months of hyperglycemic conditions to result in disruption of retinal architecture, or that advanced DR is not a feature of the Ins2Akita diabetic mouse. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - February 21, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Samuel McLenachan, Xiangting Chen, Paul G McMenamin, Elizabeth P Rakoczy Tags: Laboratory Science Source Type: research

SU9518 Inhibits Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Fibroblast and Genetically Modified Muller Cell-Induced Rabbit Models [Translational]
Conclusions. SU9518 is an effective and safe inhibitor of PVR in rabbit models, and could potentially be used in humans for the treatment of this and other proliferative diseases of the retina involving fibrosis and gliosis. Further animal studies need to be performed to examine retinal toxicity and sustained delivery mechanisms. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - February 19, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Velez, G., Weingarden, A. R., Lei, H., Kazlauskas, A., Gao, G. Tags: Translational Source Type: research

Eye exam with indirect ophthalmoscopy for diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis in patients with HIV/AIDS.
PMID: 23418196 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - February 16, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Margolis TP, Lowinger A, Saranchuk P, Heiden D Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

[Clinical Picture] Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
A 21-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of asymptomatic skin irregularity on her neck. On physical examination, there were multiple pinhead-sized yellowish flat-topped waxy papules on the anterolateral aspects of the neck (). Direct ophthalmoscopy showed prominent angioid streaks () with nasal drusen on the right eye () and less obvious ones on the left eye. A biopsy sample from the skin of her neck showed a band of degenerated clumps of basophilic elastic fibres in the upper reticular dermis () and Von Kossa stains were positive for calcium deposits within the degenerated elastic fibres (). (Source: LANCET)
Source: LANCET - February 15, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jui-Hung Ko, Yi-Chin Shih, Yu-Huei Huang, Chih-Hsun Yang Tags: Clinical Picture Source Type: research

Drusen detection by confocal aperture-modulated infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
Conclusions In this pilot study, drusen number and area grades were significantly higher using the AR and AL in which the laterally scattered light is captured (retromode). Use of the lateral confocal aperture may highlight subclinical drusen and aid in monitoring disease progression and response to emerging non-neovascular AMD therapies. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - February 15, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Diniz, B., Ribeiro, R. M., Rodger, D. C., Maia, M., Sadda, S. Tags: Retina Original articles - Clinical science Source Type: research

Replacing the Direct Ophthalmoscope: Diagnostic Accuracy and Use of Non-Mydriatic Ocular Fundus Photography by Emergency Department Physicians (Phase II of the FOTO-ED Study) (P02.250)
CONCLUSIONS: ED physicians used non-mydriatic fundus photographs more frequently than they perform direct ophthalmoscopy, and their detection of relevant abnormalities was improved. Ocular fundus photography often assisted with clinical decisions even when normal. Non-mydriatic ocular fundus photography offers a promising alternative to direct ophthalmoscopy.Supported by: K23-EY019341, P30-EY06360, Research to Prevent Blindness.Disclosure: Dr. Bruce has received personal compensation for activities with Kaiser Permanente. Dr. Bruce has received research support from Pfizer, Inc. and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Dr....
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Bruce, B., Thulasi, P., Fraser, C., Keadey, M., Ward, A., Heilpern, K., Wright, D., Newman, N., Biousse, V. Tags: P02 Neuro-ophthalmology I Source Type: research

Quantification of blood vessel calibre in retinal images of multi-ethnic school children using a model based approach
Abstract: Changes and variation in retinal vessel width are related to vascular risk factors and prospectively related to cardiovascular disease in later life. Hence, assessment of vessel width may be a useful physio-marker and potential predictor of cardiovascular status. However, measurement of vessel calibre from retinal images is a challenging process to automate. This paper proposes an automated system to measure vessel calibre in retinal images, which is demonstrated in images of multi-ethnic school children. The diameter measurement is based on the detection of the centreline pixels from a vessel probability map ima...
Source: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics - February 13, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: M.M. Fraz, P. Remagnino, A. Hoppe, A.R. Rudnicka, C.G. Owen, P.H. Whincup, S.A. Barman Tags: Ophthalmoscopy Source Type: research

Clinical characteristics and visual function tests with retinal tomographic correlation in patients with Stargardt's disease in Taiwan.
CONCLUSION: Typical clinical presentations of Stargardt's disease were demonstrated in our case series. OCT findings showed a correlation between foveal thickness and visual acuity, making OCT a useful predictor for other visual function tests. Our results indicate that OCT is helpful in the evaluation of visual acuity and the progression of maculopathy in patients with Stargardt's disease. PMID: 23380609 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Formos Med Assoc)
Source: J Formos Med Assoc - February 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Sun JP, Chen MS, Jou JR, Lin CP, Tsai TH, Ho TC Tags: J Formos Med Assoc Source Type: research

Evaluation of an indirect ophthalmoscopic digital photographic system (Keeler) as a retinopathy of prematurity screening tool
While retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains an important cause of blindness, there is a paucity of trained screeners, especially in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital retinal images obtained using an indirect ophthalmoscopic imaging system (Keeler) could be accurately graded for pre-plus or plus disease by masked experts and potentially be used for telemedicine. (Source: Journal of AAPOS)
Source: Journal of AAPOS - February 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sasapin G. Prakalapakorn, Sharon F. Freedman, Yuliya Lokhnygina, David K. Wallace Tags: AAPOS 2013 Meeting Abstracts Source Type: research

Improved speed and accuracy of plus disease quantification using image fusion methodology
The diagnosis of plus disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) largely determines the need for treatment; however, this diagnosis is subjective and prone to error. ROPtool is a semiautomated computer program that quantifies vascular tortuosity and dilation. A previous study showed that more than half of video indirect ophthalmoscopy still images had insufficient quality to permit analysis by ROPtool. We evaluated the ability of an image fusion methodology (robust mosaicing) to increase traceability and improve efficiency of posterior pole disease analysis using ROPtool. (Source: Journal of AAPOS)
Source: Journal of AAPOS - February 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Laura A. Vickers, David K. Wallace, Sharon F. Freedman, Rolando Estrada, Sina Farsiu, Grace Prakalapakorn Tags: AAPOS 2013 Meeting Abstracts Source Type: research

High-Resolution Images of Retinal Structure in Patients with Choroideremia [Retina]
Conclusions. High-resolution retinal images in CHM carriers and affected males demonstrated RPE and photoreceptor cell degeneration. As both RPE and photoreceptor cells were affected, these cell types may degenerate simultaneously in CHM. These findings provide insight into the effect of CHM mutations on macular retinal structure, with implications for the development of treatments for CHM. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00254605.) (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - February 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Syed, R., Sundquist, S. M., Ratnam, K., Zayit-Soudry, S., Zhang, Y., Crawford, J. B., MacDonald, I. M., Godara, P., Rha, J., Carroll, J., Roorda, A., Stepien, K. E., Duncan, J. L. Tags: Retina Source Type: research

Phenotypic Characteristics Including In Vivo Cone Photoreceptor Mosaic in KCNV2-Related "Cone Dystrophy with Supernormal Rod Electroretinogram" [Clinical and Epidemiologic Research]
Conclusions. Central vision parameters progressively worsen in CDSR. Structural retinal and lipofuscin accumulation abnormalities are commonly present. Macular cone photoreceptor mosaic is markedly disrupted early in the disease. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 30, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Vincent, A., Wright, T., Garcia-Sanchez, Y., Kisilak, M., Campbell, M., Westall, C., Heon, E. Tags: Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Source Type: research

Newborn retinal hemorrhages: A systematic review
Conclusions: Birth-related RH in infants occurs in one-quarter of normal deliveries and are far more common after instrumental deliveries. Commonly bilateral, they were predominantly intraretinal, posterior, resolved rapidly, and very rarely persisted beyond 6 weeks. (Source: Journal of AAPOS)
Source: Journal of AAPOS - January 30, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Patrick Watts, Sabine Maguire, Thomas Kwok, Bnar Talabani, Mala Mann, Jarmila Wiener, Zoe Lawson, Alison Kemp Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Lesion Size Detection in Geographic Atrophy by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography and Correlation to Conventional Imaging Techniques [Retina]
Conclusions. PS-OCT demonstrated high reproducibility of GA lesion size determination. Results correlated well with SLO, FAF, and intensity-based SD-OCT fundus imaging. PS-OCT may therefore be a valuable and specific imaging modality for automated GA lesion size determination in scientific studies and clinical practice. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 28, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Schutze, C., Bolz, M., Sayegh, R., Baumann, B., Pircher, M., Gotzinger, E., Hitzenberger, C. K., Schmidt-Erfurth, U. Tags: Retina Source Type: research

Schultz–Crock binocular ophthalmoscope
Abstract The ophthalmoscope, which is an indispensable tool of our profession, is now taken for granted. It is often forgotten that it was only just over 150 years ago that the first binocular ophthalmoscope was invented. The early instruments were not popular for a variety of reasons. Australians Donald Schultz and Gerald Crock played a major role in improving this instrument and developing the modifications that turned it into an everyday tool of all ophthalmologists. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - January 24, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ian L McAllister, Richard Keeler, Clive Burrows Tags: History of Ophthalmology Source Type: research

High-Resolution Imaging of Retinal Nerve Fiber Bundles in Glaucoma Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
Conclusions: AO SLO images showed reduced nerve fiber bundle widths both in clinically normal and abnormal areas of glaucomatous eyes, and these abnormalities were associated with visual field defects, suggesting that AO SLO may be useful for detecting early nerve fiber bundle abnormalities associated with loss of visual function. (Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology - January 24, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kohei Takayama, Sotaro Ooto, Masanori Hangai, Naoko Ueda-Arakawa, Sachiko Yoshida, Tadamichi Akagi, Hanako Ohashi Ikeda, Atsushi Nonaka, Masaaki Hanebuchi, Takashi Inoue, Nagahisa Yoshimura Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Battling with reflections: the Busch stereoscopic reflexless binocular ophthalmoscope
The first attempt to view the fundus stereoscopically was made in 1861 when Felix Giraud-Teulon of Paris invented a binocular ophthalmoscope constructed by Nachet. At that time the source of illumination was from a gas or oil lamp. The instrument was difficult to use and was not popular. Although the instrument enabled detection of elevations of the retina such as retinal detachment, there was nothing the surgeon could do to remedy it. This also contributed to its lack of popularity. Surgical reattachment of the retina had to wait for another 65 years until the pioneering work of Jules Gonin. An improved model followe...
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - January 18, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Keeler, R., Singh, A. D., Dua, H. S. Tags: Retina Cover illustration Source Type: research

Indocyanine green enhanced transpupillary thermotherapy in combination with ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for retinoblastoma
Conclusions ICG-enhanced TTT with ophthalmic artery chemosurgery can effectively treat retinoblastoma refractory to conventional focal treatments without deleterious ocular side effects. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - January 18, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Francis, J. H., Abramson, D. H., Brodie, S. E., Marr, B. P. Tags: Original articles - Clinical science Source Type: research

Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (SUNDROP): Four-years of Screening with Telemedicine.
Conclusions: The SUNDROP initiative demonstrated a high degree of diagnostic reliability and was able to capture all infants with TW-ROP. Telemedicine offers a cost-effective, reliable and accurate screening methodology for identifying infants with TW-ROP without sacrificing quality of care. PMID: 23330739 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Eye Research)
Source: Current Eye Research - January 18, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Fijalkowski N, Zheng LL, Henderson MT, Wallenstein MB, Leng T, Moshfeghi DM Tags: Curr Eye Res Source Type: research

QLT091001, a 9-cis-Retinal Analog, Is Well-Tolerated by Retinas of Mice with Impaired Visual Cycles [Physiology and Pharmacology]
Conclusions. Retinas of Lrat–/–, Rpe65–/–, and crossbred Gnat1–/– mice tolerated prolonged high-dose QLT091001 treatment well. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 17, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Maeda, T., Dong, Z., Jin, H., Sawada, O., Gao, S., Utkhede, D., Monk, W., Palczewska, G., Palczewski, K. Tags: Physiology and Pharmacology Source Type: research

Measuring Hemoglobin Levels in the Optic Nerve Head: Comparisons with Other Structural and Functional Parameters of Glaucoma [Glaucoma]
Conclusions. Hb levels evaluated by color analysis of ONH photographs had high reproducibility, a high sensitivity–specificity balance, and moderate to strong agreement with other structural and functional tests. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 17, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Gonzalez de la Rosa, M., Gonzalez-Hernandez, M., Sigut, J., Alayon, S., Radcliffe, N., Mendez-Hernandez, C., Garcia-Feijoo, J., Fuertes-Lazaro, I., Perez-Olivan, S., Ferreras, A. Tags: Glaucoma Source Type: research

Ocular and systemic toxicity of intravitreal topotecan in rabbits for potential treatment of retinoblastoma.
Abstract Treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma with vitreous seeding is a challenge. Different routes of chemotherapy administration have been explored in order to attaining pharmacological concentrations into the posterior chamber. Intravitreal drug injection is a promissing route for maximum bioavailability to the vitreous but it requires a well defined dose for achieving tumor control while limited toxicity to the retina. Topotecan proved to be an promising agent for retinoblastoma treatment due to its pharmacological activity and limited toxicity. High and prolonged concentrations were achieved in the rabbit ...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Buitrago E, Del Sole MJ, Torbidoni A, Fandino A, Asprea M, Croxatto JO, Chantada GL, Bramuglia GF, Schaiquevich P Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Sensitivity and specificity of Norwegian optometrists' evaluation of diabetic retinopathy in single-field retinal images -- a cross-sectional experimental study
Conclusions: The evaluation of retinal images for diabetic retinopathy by Norwegian optometrists does not meet the required screening standard of at least 80 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity. The introduction of measures to improve this situation could have implications for both formal optometric training and continuing optometric professional education. (Source: BMC Health Services Research)
Source: BMC Health Services Research - January 10, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Vibeke SundlingPål GulbrandsenJørund Straand Source Type: research

Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 3 Protects Injured Retinal Ganglion Cells [Glaucoma]
Conclusions. These results indicate that treatment with MS-275 protects against the loss of RGC differentiation and promotes RGC survival following optic nerve injury. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 7, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chindasub, P., Lindsey, J. D., Duong-Polk, K., Leung, C. K., Weinreb, R. N. Tags: Glaucoma Source Type: research

Ultrasonographic features of PMEL17 (Silver) mutant gene–associated multiple congenital ocular anomalies (MCOA) in Comtois and Rocky Mountain horses
ConclusionsIn this study, ultrasonography was useful to identify uveal cysts in PMEL17 mutant carriers and to assess anterior chamber depth. (Source: Veterinary Ophthalmology)
Source: Veterinary Ophthalmology - January 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Emilie M. Ségard, Marianne C. Depecker, Johann Lang, Armin Gemperli, Jean‐Luc Cadoré Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A study of factors affecting the human cone photoreceptor density measured by adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
In conclusion, we demonstrated cone packing density decreases as a function of retinal eccentricity and axial length and the results of NND and Voronoi analysis is a useful index for cone mosaics arrangements. The results also serve as a reference for further studies designed to detect or monitor cone photoreceptors in patients with retinal diseases. PMID: 23276813 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research)
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 28, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Park SP, Chung JK, Greenstein V, Tsang SH, Chang S Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Subacute toxicity and stability of Soshiho-tang, a traditional herbal formula, in Sprague--Dawley rats
Conclusion: These results indicate that SST may be a safe material. Based on these results, the no-observed-adverse-effect level was more than 2000 mg/kg for both genders. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - December 27, 2012 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: In ShinMee LeeYongbum KimChang SeoJung KimHyeun Shin Source Type: research

Drusen detection by confocal aperture-modulated infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, drusen number and area grades were significantly higher using the AR and AL in which the laterally scattered light is captured (retromode). Use of the lateral confocal aperture may highlight subclinical drusen and aid in monitoring disease progression and response to emerging non-neovascular AMD therapies. PMID: 23264545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - December 21, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Diniz B, Ribeiro RM, Rodger DC, Maia M, Sadda S Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

Histology and immunochemistry evaluation of autologous translocation of retinal pigment epithelium‐choroid graft in porcine eyes
Conclusion: Autologous RPE‐choroid grafts survived up to 30 days in porcine eyes. Histological and immunochemical evaluation revealed preserved transplanted RPE cells morphology accompanied by alterations in the immunoreactivity expression of functional proteins, and development of significant PVR. The data presented in this manuscript provide insights into the fate, viability and cellular functionality of the transplanted RPE‐choroid graft, serving as foundation for further knowledge and improvement of this technique. (Source: Acta Ophthalmologica)
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - December 19, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ivan Fernandez‐Bueno, Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua, Denise Hileeto, Maria Luisa Parrado, Marta Regueiro‐Purriños, Anna Sala‐Puigdollers, Girish K. Srivastava, Jose Manuel Gonzalo‐Orden, Jose Carlos Pastor Source Type: research

Controversy Over the Etiology and Therapy of Retinal Detachment: The Struggles of Jules Gonin
Abstract: Retinal tears were recognized as soon as ophthalmoscopy became available. They were initially considered to be secondary events, from choroidal exudation and pressure behind the detached retina. This led von Graefe and others to recommend cuts in the retina to drain subretinal fluid into the vitreous cavity. De Wecker (1875, 1879) and Leber (1882) first proposed that intrinsic tears within the retina are the cause of retinal detachment, but they faced extreme and long lasting opposition for this view. Surgical results at this time were uniformly disastrous, and therapeutic nihilism still prevailed when Dufour and...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - December 18, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Balder P. Gloor, Michael F. Marmor Tags: History of Ophthalmology Source Type: research

Hand-held high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography in retinoblastoma: clinical and morphologic considerations
Conclusions Although indirect ophthalmoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma, HHSD OCT is a valuable tool in better understanding and managing retinoblastoma. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - December 17, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Rootman, D. B., Gonzalez, E., Mallipatna, A., VandenHoven, C., Hampton, L., Dimaras, H., Chan, H. S. L., Gallie, B. L., Heon, E. Tags: Original articles - Clinical science Source Type: research

Pitfalls in colour photography of choroidal tumours
& L Zografos (Source: Eye)
Source: Eye - December 14, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: A Schalenbourg Tags: uveal neoplasms melanoma naevus fundus photography scanning laser ophthalmoscopy artefacts Source Type: research