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What the 1918 flu pandemic can teach us about coronavirus drug trials | Laura Spinney
In times of crisis, scientists have to make ethical decisions about new treatments – even if the evidence seems shaky• Laura Spinney is the author of Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World• Coronavirus latest updates• See all our coronavirus coverageSometimes the parallels between this pandemic and previous ones are uncanny.Take hydroxychloroquine, the anti-malarial drug that regulatory agencies all over the world arenow hastily authorising for the treatment of hospitalised Covid-19 patients. Outside hospitals,Donald Trump and the Brazilian president,Jair Bolsonaro, have expressed enthusia...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - April 5, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Laura Spinney Tags: Coronavirus outbreak Medical research Infectious diseases Science World news Drugs Flu pandemic Health Society UK news Epidemics France Europe Source Type: news

Role of Multivalency and Antigenic Threshold in Generating Protective Antibody Responses
Mark K. Slifka1* and Ian J. Amanna2 1Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States2Najít Technologies, Inc., Beaverton, OR, United States Vaccines play a vital role in protecting our communities against infectious disease. Unfortunately, some vaccines provide only partial protection or in some cases vaccine-mediated immunity may wane rapidly, resulting in either increased susceptibility to that disease or a requirement for more booster vaccinations in order to maintain immunity above a protective level. The durabilit...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Will Warmer Weather Stop the Spread of the Coronavirus? Don ’t Count on It, Say Experts
As coronavirus continues to spread across the world, a simple solution has been repeated by some leaders: Warm summer temperatures will stop the outbreak in its tracks. U.S. President Donald Trump floated the idea that by April the coronavirus problem would solve itself. He told a crowd at a Feb. 10 rally in New Hampshire: “You know, in theory when it gets a little warmer, it miraculously goes away, that’s true.” In Southeast Asia, officials in Indonesia have offered the warm climate as the reason that no cases have been diagnosed there. “Indonesia’s air is not like the air in China that is su...
Source: TIME: Health - February 28, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Amy Gunia Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 onetime overnight Source Type: news

Inside the Global Quest to Trace the Origins of COVID-19 —and Predict Where It Will Go Next
It wasn’t greed, or curiosity, that made Li Rusheng grab his shotgun and enter Shitou Cave. It was about survival. During Mao-era collectivization of the early 1970s, food was so scarce in the emerald valleys of southwestern China’s Yunnan province that farmers like Li could expect to eat meat only once a year–if they were lucky. So, craving protein, Li and his friends would sneak into the cave to hunt the creatures they could hear squeaking and fluttering inside: bats. Li would creep into the gloom and fire blindly at the vaulted ceiling, picking up any quarry that fell to the ground, while his companion...
Source: TIME: Health - July 23, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Charlie Campbell/ Yuxi, Yunnan and Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 feature Magazine Source Type: news

Chronic pain in narcolepsy type 1 and type 2 - an underestimated reality.
The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and the characteristic of chronic pain according to the type of narcolepsy. We also investigated the effect of the interaction between the nutritional status and the type of narcolepsy. It was a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires. Patients with narcolepsy (33 type 1 and 33 type 2), from Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil, matched by age and gender to 33 control subjects were included. Both types of narcolepsy presented a high frequency of chronic pain (84.84% type 1 versus 75.75% type 2), with indistinct pain characteristics between...
Source: Journal of Sleep Research - June 19, 2018 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Cremaschi RC, Hirotsu C, Tufik S, Coelho FM Tags: J Sleep Res Source Type: research

The Coronavirus Outbreak Should Bring Out the Best in Humanity
Pandemics are perversely democratic. They’re nasty, lethal and sneaky, but they don’t discriminate. No matter your age, ethnicity, religion, gender, or nation, you’re a part of the pathogenic constituency. That shared vulnerability, and the resulting human collectivism—a universal response to a universal threat—is newly and vividly evident in the face of the now-global outbreak of the novel coronavirus known as 2019-nCoV. As of writing, there have been over 30,000 diagnosed cases and over 630 related deaths. A virus that emerged in a single city, Wuhan, China—indeed, in a single crowded ...
Source: TIME: Health - February 8, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Jeffrey Kluger Tags: Uncategorized 2019-nCoV Infectious Disease Source Type: news

Health-related quality of life in patients with narcolepsy types 1 and 2 from a Sleep Center in Brazil
Conclusion: In a Sleep Center in S ão Paulo, Brazil, physical and mental health were impaired in narcolepsy types 1 and 2. The first report of the poor health status in Brazilians with narcolepsy type 2 suggests that obesity negatively affects physical domains.RESUMO Introdu ção: Pacientes com narcolepsia têm maior prevalência de comorbidades, como obesidade, depressão e dor. Sintomas de narcolepsia e condições médicas concomitantes podem afetar as atividades diárias dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo é escrever a qualidade de vida em uma amostra de pacie ntes com narcolepsia e a influência do estado nutric...
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - September 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Genetics of Life and Death: Virus-Host Interactions Underpinning Resistance to African Swine Fever, a Viral Hemorrhagic Disease
Conclusion and Future Perspectives The mechanisms which result in reduced viral replication and lack of disease in African wild suids after ASFV infection are largely unknown. The data so far indicate that this is not due to an intrinsic difference in the ability of the virus to replicate in macrophages from these hosts. A more likely explanation is that the innate immune system of these hosts is better able to control virus replication resulting in a reduced systemic infection and reduced pathogenesis. This may involve a balance between virus and host factors which has evolved over long term infections of these hosts. Se...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Human-to-swine introductions and onward transmission of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses in Brazil
DiscussionThe virus underwent continuous antigenic drift, and a balance was established between swine-to-swine transmission and extinction, with minimal sustained onward transmission from humans to swine. These results emphasize the dynamic interplay between human-to-swine transmission, antigenic drift, and the establishment of swine-to-swine transmission in shaping the evolution and persistence of H1N1pdm09 in swine populations.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - August 8, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Phylogenetic relationship and genomic characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from swine in Brazil
In conclusion, molecular typing based in the wgMLST and cgMLST suggested that the S. Typhimurium isolates from swine studied were genetically related. The pathogenic potential of the strains studied was corroborated by the presence of important SPIs and virulence genes. The high number of antimicrobial resistance genes detected is worrying and reinforced their potential risk in swine in Brazil. The comparison by BLAST Atlas suggested differences in mobile genetic elements among S. Typhimurium LT2 and S. Typhimurium isolates from swine in Brazil. The orthologous proteins analysis revealed unique genes related to important c...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - June 26, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Amanda Aparecida Seribelli Patrick da Silva Miliane Rodrigues Fraz ão Jalusa Deon Kich Marc W Allard Juliana Pfrimer Falc ão Source Type: research

You Can Now Get a COVID-19 Vaccine in China. That Might Not Be a Good Thing
Li Shurui didn’t hesitate. Faced with putting his life on hold indefinitely or the risk of catching COVID-19 by returning to university in the U.K., the 22-year-old business student decided to roll up his sleeve and receive an experimental coronavirus vaccine. Two injections of CoronaVac made by SinoVac (otherwise known as Beijing Kexing Bioproducts) cost 2,000 rmb ($300) at the private Taihe Hospital in the Chinese capital. The treatment still hasn’t passed final (Stage 3) clinical trials but is already being offered to the public on a first come, first served basis. Anyone can turn up, pay their money and get...
Source: TIME: Health - October 22, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Charlie Campbell/ Shanghai Tags: Uncategorized China COVID-19 feature overnight Source Type: news

Water footprint and productivity in broilers and swine production in Brazil from 2008 to 2018
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 May 26. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21009-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn many countries, the adverse impact of agriculture on water sources has been discussed with more attention recently by the water footprint estimation. Brazil is the second largest animal protein' exporter, and this demand has a tendency to increase significantly until 2050, and in this context the water management will be crucial. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the water footprint and productivity in the broiler and swine slaughtered in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. The results showed that the herds of broiler a...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - May 26, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Gilmar Ant ônio da Rosa Luiz F Broetto Thiago Demczuk Aline Viancelli William Michelon Source Type: research

Dani Alves remanded in custody in Barcelona over alleged sexual assault
Source: The Telegraph : Swine Flu A H1N1 - January 20, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: James Badcock Tags: topics:organisations/brazil-football-team topics:in-the-news/sexual-assault structure:sport structure:football storytype:standard Source Type: news

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 576: Introductions of Human-Origin Seasonal H3N2, H1N2 and Pre-2009 H1N1 Influenza Viruses to Swine in Brazil
ejane Schaefer In South America, the evolutionary history of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine has been obscured by historically low levels of surveillance, and this has hampered the assessment of the zoonotic risk of emerging viruses. The extensive genetic diversity of IAV in swine observed globally has been attributed mainly to bidirectional transmission between humans and pigs. We conducted surveillance in swine in Brazil during 2011–2020 and characterized 107 H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 IAVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on HA and NA segments revealed that human seasonal IAVs were introduced at least eight tim...
Source: Viruses - February 19, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Caroline Tochetto Dennis M. Junqueira Tavis K. Anderson Danielle Gava Vanessa Haach Mauricio E. Cant ão Amy L. Vincent Baker Rejane Schaefer Tags: Article Source Type: research