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Source: Veterinary Microbiology
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Total 315 results found since Jan 2013.
Adjuvant effects of invariant NKT cell ligand potentiates the innate and adaptive immunity to an inactivated H1N1 swine influenza virus vaccine in pigs
In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time iNKT cell adjuvant effects in pigs to SwIV Ags through augmenting the innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract.
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - March 3, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Comparative virulence of wild-type H1N1pdm09 influenza A isolates in swine
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the HA protein can affect pathogenicity and antigenicity of H1N1pdm09 in swine. We compared lung pathology, viral replication and shedding and the antigenic relationships of four wild-type H1N1pdm09 viruses in pigs: one human (CA/09) and three isolated in swine after the pandemic (IL/09, IL/10, and MN/10). The swine strains were selected based upon unique amino acid substitutions in the HA protein. All selected viruses resulted in mild disease and viral shedding through nasal and oral fluids, however, viral replication and the degree of pathology varied bet...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - January 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Novel triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza viruses in pigs in Tianjin, Northern China
In this study, for the first time, we report the isolation and genetic analyses of three novel triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza viruses from pigs in Tianjin, Northern China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel viruses contained genes from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (PB2, PB1, PA and NP), Eurasian swine (HA, NA and M) and triple-reassortant swine (NS) lineages. This indicated that the reassortment among the 2009 pandemic H1N1, Eurasian swine and triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses had taken place in pigs in Tianjin and resulted in the generation of new viruses. Furthermore, three human-like H1N1, two cla...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - December 23, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Live poultry market workers are susceptible to both avian and swine influenza viruses, Guangdong Province, China
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2015 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Jidang Chen, Jun Ma, Sarah K. White, Zhenpeng Cao, Yun Zhen, Shuyi He, Wanjun Zhu, Changwen Ke, Yongbiao Zhang, Shuo Su, Guihong Zhang Guangdong Province is recognized for dense populations of humans, pigs, poultry and pets. In order to evaluate the threat of viral infection faced by those working with animals, a cross-sectional, sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Guangdong between December 2013 and January 2014. Individuals working with swine, at poultry farms, or live poultry markets (LPM), and veterinaria...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - September 25, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
PA-X protein decreases replication and pathogenicity of swine influenza virus in cultured cells and mouse models
In this study, we rescued the H1N1 wild-type (WT) classical swine influenza virus (A/Swine/Guangdong/1/2011 (H1N1)) and H1N1 PA-X deficient virus containing mutations at the frameshift motif, and compared their replication properties and pathogenicity of swine influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that the expression of PA-X inhibits virus replication and polymerase activity in cultured cells and decreases virulence in mouse models. Therefore, our study demonstrates that PA-X protein acts as a negative virulence regulator for classical H1N1 swine influenza virus and decreases virulence by inhibiting viral ...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - May 11, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Serological and virological survey of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in animal reservoirs from Uruguay reveals elevated prevalences and a very close phylogenetic relationship between swine and human strains
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2017 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Santiago Mirazo, Noemí R. Gardinali, D'Albora Cecilia, Lorenzo Verger, Florencia Ottonelli, Natalia Ramos, Gustavo Castro, Marcelo A. Pinto, Viviana Re, Belén Pisano, Alejandra Lozano, Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira, Juan Arbiza Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an issue of public health concern in high-income and non-endemic countries. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis of a zoonotic route as the main mode of infection in this epidemiological setting, since the transmission of genotypes HEV-3 and HEV-4 from reservoir...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 14, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Spillback transmission of European H1N1 avian-like swine influenza viruses to turkeys: A strain-dependent possibility?
Publication date: Available online 27 February 2016 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Francesco Bonfante, Alice Fusaro, Luca Tassoni, Livia Victoria Patrono, Milani Adelaide, Silvia Maniero, Annalisa Salviato, Calogero Terregino In 1979, an avian influenza virus of the H1N1 subtype began to circulate in European swine herds, rapidly replacing classical swine H1N1 viruses. Spill-back transmissions to turkeys were recorded occasionally, but they might have been underreported due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection and the lack of specific surveillance. In our study, we evaluated the infectivity and ...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - February 29, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Control of African swine fever epidemics in industrialized swine populations
In this study, the epidemiological and economic effects of strategies to control the spread of ASF between domestic swine herds were examined using a published model (DTU-DADS-ASF). The control strategies were the basic EU and national strategy (Basic), the basic strategy plus pre-emptive depopulation of neighboring swine herds, and intensive surveillance of herds in the control zones, including testing live or dead animals. Virus spread via wild boar was not modelled. Under the basic control strategy, the median epidemic duration was predicted to be 21days (5th and 95th percentiles; 1-55 days), the median number of infect...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 22, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Molecular epidemiology of swine influenza A viruses in the Southeastern United States, highlights regional differences in circulating strains
This study investigated the prevalence of IAV in commercial swine herds. A total of 1,878 oral fluid samples were collected from pigs of all ages from 201 commercial farms located in North Carolina and South Carolina. Sixty-eight oral fluid samples from 35 farms were positive by MP gene PCR with an overall IAV-positivity of 3.6%. On the herd level, the percentage of IAV positivity was 17.4%. Fifty-six viruses were subtyped, while 12 were partly subtyped or not subtyped at all. Using de novo assembly, complete sequences were obtained for 59 HA genes. The majority of IAVs subtyped had an H1 HA demonstrating a considerable pr...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - October 24, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Two different genotypes of H1N2 swine influenza virus isolated in northern China and their pathogenicity in animals
Publication date: Available online 9 December 2014 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Huanliang Yang , Yan Chen , Chuanling Qiao , Chuantian Xu , Minghua Yan , Xiaoguang Xin , Zhigao Bu , Hualan Chen During 2006 and 2007, two swine-origin triple-reassortant influenza A (H1N2) viruses were isolated from pigs in northern China, and the antigenic characteristics of the hemagglutinin protein of the viruses were examined. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated different emergence patterns for the two H1N2 viruses, Sw/Hebei/10/06 and Sw/Tianjin/1/07. Sequences for the other genes encoding the internal protein...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - December 11, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Influenza A virus vaccines for swine
Publication date: Available online 24 November 2016 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Amy L. Vincent, Daniel R. Perez, Daniela Rajao, Tavis K. Anderson, Eugenio J. Abente, Rasna R. Walia, Nicola S. Lewis Economic losses due to influenza A virus (IAV) infections are substantial and a global problem, ranking among the top three major health challenges in the swine industry. Currently, H1 and H3 subtypes circulate in pigs globally associated with different combinations of N1 and N2 subtypes; however, the origin, gene constellation, and antigenic makeup of IAV vary greatly on different continents. Vaccination is one m...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 24, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Pre-exposure with influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) resulted in viral shedding reduction from pigs challenged with either swine H1N1 or H3N2 virus
We describe here that pre-exposure with a live virus generated via a A/WSN/1933(H1N1) reverse genetics system resulted in a significant reduction of viral shedding from pigs exposed to either a swine H1N1 virus or a swine H3N2 virus. At 3-day post challenge (DPC), approximately 1 log and 1.5 logs reductions of viral shedding were observed in the swine H1N1- and H3N2-challenged vaccinated pigs when compared to unvaccinated animals. A further decline in viral load was observed at 5 DPC where viral shedding was decreased by greater than 3 logs in vaccinated pigs receiving either the H1N1 or H3N2 virus challenge. Although the ...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 16, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Serological evidence of swine exposure to pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus in Burkina Faso
Publication date: Available online 31 December 2019Source: Veterinary MicrobiologyAuthor(s): Dieudonné Tialla, Aurélie Sausy, Assana Cissé, Tani Sagna, Abdoul Kader Ilboudo, Georges Anicet Ouédraogo, Judith M. Hübschen, Zékiba Tarnagda, Chantal J. SnoeckAbstractDespite improvement of human and avian influenza surveillance, swine influenza surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa is scarce and pandemic preparedness is still deemed inadequate, including in Burkina Faso. This cross-sectional study therefore aimed to investigate the (past) exposure of pigs to influenza A viruses. Practices of people with occupational contacts ...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - January 2, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Temporal insight into the natural generation of a new reassortant porcine influenza virus in a swine holding
Publication date: 7 November 2014 Source:Veterinary Microbiology, Volume 174, Issues 1–2 Author(s): Chiara Chiapponi , Laura Baioni , Andrea Luppi , Ana Moreno , Alberto Castellan , Emanuela Foni The influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 are the most prevalent subtypes in swine in Italy. Reassortant influenza A viruses subtypes in swine appeared in European pig population. In particular reassortant viruses carrying genome segment from the pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) are reported in many European countries, including Italy. In a 1000 sows farrow-to feeder farm, in Northern Italy, we isolated 10 IAVs from recu...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 8, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in domestic swine and wild boar in Germany
In this study we investigated the presence of HEV in free-living wild boar as well as in domestic swine. A total of 105 domestic swine fecal samples and 124 wild boar sera were tested for the presence of HEV RNA by RT-PCR. A 241 nucleotide (nt) fragment from the capsid gene of HEV from one domestic swine and from 18 wild boars were amplified and sequenced. In addition, the complete capsid of three HEV sequences found in wild boar and the complete genomic sequence of the domestic swine HEV were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses based on both the 241 nt fragments as well as four complete capsid gene sequences demonstrated that...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 8, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
