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Antigenic and Genetic Characterization of Swine Influenza Viruses Identified in the European Region of Russia, 2014 –2020
Pigs have long been recognized as “mixing vessels” in which new viruses are formed by reassortment involving various influenza virus lineages (avian, animal, human). However, surveillance of swine influenza viruses only gained real significance after the 2009 pandemic. A fundamentally important point is the fact that there is still no regular surveillance of swine flu in Russia, and the role of swine viruses is underestimated since, as a rule, they do not cause serious disease in animals. Since the pig population in Russia is large, it is obvious that the lack of monitoring and insufficient study of swine influenza evo...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Swine flu a seasonal pandemic, symptoms, diagnostics and prevention
H1N1 often is cause of annual epidemics in world particularly during winters and is a seasonal pandemic that has been a cause of many deaths. The display of various strains of H1N1 always creates confrontation to public health and the scientific communities. The key behind the repeated epidemics is the transformation of the viruses to escape the immunity that is induced by former infection or vaccination. The pandemic was declared, by the WHO, as officially over in August 2010. The H1N1 virus has become a regular flu virus which occurs seasonally, and causes outbreaks in many areas of the world. This mini review discusses ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
A Game of Infection – Song of Respiratory Viruses and Interferons
Humanity has experienced four major pandemics since the twentieth century, with the 1918 Spanish flu, the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2009 swine flu, and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemics having the most important impact in human health. The 1918 Spanish flu caused unprecedented catastrophes in the recorded human history, with an estimated death toll between 50 – 100 million. While the 2002 SARS and 2009 swine flu pandemics caused approximately 780 and 280,000 deaths, respectively, the current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in > 6 million deaths globally at the time of writing. C...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - June 29, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Dynamic Propagation and Impact of Pandemic Influenza A (2009 H1N1) in Children: A Detailed Review.
This article provides a brief overview on how children are a key contributor to pandemic Influenza A (2009 H1N1) and we would like to draw your attention to the need for a new vaccine for children to improve disease prevention and a positive impact on the community.
PMID: 32959089 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Microbiology - September 20, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ratre YK, Vishvakarma NK, Bhaskar LVKS, Verma HK Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: research
Reassortant swine influenza viruses isolated in Japan contain genes from pandemic A(H1N1)2009
Abstract
In 2013, three ressortant swine influenza viruses (SIVs)—two H1N2 and one H3N2—were isolated from symptomatic pigs in Japan; each contained genes from the pandemic A(H1N1)2009 virus and endemic SIVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two H1N2 viruses, A/swine/Gunma/1/2013 and A/swine/Ibaraki/1/2013, were reassortants that contain genes from three distinct lineages: 1) H1 and NP genes derived from a classical swine H1 HA lineage uniquely circulating among Japanese SIVs; 2) NA genes from human‐like H1N2 swine viruses; and 3) other genes from pandemic A(H1N1)2009 viruses. The H3N2 virus, A/swine/Miyazaki/...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 17, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Katsushi Kanehira, Nobuhiro Takemae, Yuko Uchida, Hirokazu Hikono, Takehiko Saito Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Prevalence, Characteristics and Clonal Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Following the Swine Production Stages, and Potential Risks to Humans
In conclusion, ESBL/AmpC-EC was distributed throughout the swine production stages, with the highest prevalence in the weaning stage. The CTX-M was present in all stages, while CMY was mostly found in growing-finishing stages. The swine ESBL/AmpC-EC was identified to harbor shared clone types with human ESBL/AmpC-EC and a virulent profile posing potential risk to humans. Considering the possibility of genetic and clonal distribution of ESBL/AmpC-EC among swine production stages, this study suggests the need for strategies considering the production system to control the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC in swine farms.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - July 21, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Vaccination against swine influenza in pigs causes different drift evolutionary patterns upon swine influenza virus experimental infection and reduces the likelihood of genomic reassortments
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can infect a wide variety of bird and mammal species. Their genome is characterized by 8 RNA single stranded segments. The low proofreading activity of their polymerases and the genomic reassortment between different IAVs subtypes allow them to continuously evolve, constituting a constant threat to human and animal health. In 2009, a pandemic of an IAV highlighted the importance of the swine host in IAVs adaptation between humans and birds. The swine population and the incidence of swine IAV is constantly growing. In previous studies, despite vaccination, swine IAV growth and evolution were prove...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 13, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Human-to-swine introductions and onward transmission of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses in Brazil
DiscussionThe virus underwent continuous antigenic drift, and a balance was established between swine-to-swine transmission and extinction, with minimal sustained onward transmission from humans to swine. These results emphasize the dynamic interplay between human-to-swine transmission, antigenic drift, and the establishment of swine-to-swine transmission in shaping the evolution and persistence of H1N1pdm09 in swine populations.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - August 8, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Reassortant swine influenza viruses isolated in Japan contain genes from pandemic A(H1N1) 2009
ABSTRACT
In 2013, three reassortant swine influenza viruses (SIVs)—two H1N2 and one H3N2—were isolated from symptomatic pigs in Japan; each contained genes from the pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus and endemic SIVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two H1N2 viruses, A/swine/Gunma/1/2013 and A/swine/Ibaraki/1/2013, were reassortants that contain genes from the following three distinct lineages: (i) H1 and nucleoprotein (NP) genes derived from a classical swine H1 HA lineage uniquely circulating among Japanese SIVs; (ii) neuraminidase (NA) genes from human‐like H1N2 swine viruses; and (iii) other genes from pandemic ...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - June 9, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Katsushi Kanehira, Nobuhiro Takemae, Yuko Uchida, Hirokazu Hikono, Takehiko Saito Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Detection of Antigenic Variants of Subtype H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses from Clinical Samples Clinical Veterinary Microbiology
A large population of genetically and antigenically diverse influenza A viruses (IAVs) are circulating among the swine population, playing an important role in influenza ecology. Swine IAVs not only cause outbreaks among swine but also can be transmitted to humans, causing sporadic infections and even pandemic outbreaks. Antigenic characterizations of swine IAVs are key to understanding the natural history of these viruses in swine and to selecting strains for effective vaccines. However, influenza outbreaks generally spread rapidly among swine, and the conventional methods for antigenic characterization require virus prop...
Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology - March 24, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Martin, B. E., Bowman, A. S., Li, L., Nolting, J. M., Smith, D. R., Hanson, L. A., Wan, X.-F. Tags: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Source Type: research
Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Two Different Community Settings with Identification of Swine HEV Genotype 3 in Indonesia
Abstract
Hepatitis E is an emerging disease with globally high incidence. In Indonesia, only few data on HEV infection are available. To assess molecular information on HEV infection in two communities with different customs and swine breeding conditions in Indonesia, serum samples from 137 swine farm workers, 100 blood donors and 100 swine (including 27 faecal) in Yogyakarta (Central of Java), along with 12 and 64 swine farm workers, 42 and 135 local residents also 89 and 119 swine serum samples in Tulungagung (East Java) and Mengwi (Bali), respectively from our previous study, were compared. Serological test of anti‐HE...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 19, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dewiyani Indah Widasari, Yoshihiko Yano, Takako Utsumi, Didik Setyo Heriyanto, Nungki Anggorowati, Hanggoro Tri Rinonce, Totok Utoro, Maria Inge Lusida, Soetjipto, Widya Asmara, Hak Hotta, Yoshitake Hayashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Hepatitis E virus infection in two different regions of Indonesia with identification of swine HEV genotype 3
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis E is an emerging disease with a high incidence globally. Few data are available on hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Indonesia. To obtain molecular information on HEV infection in two regions of Indonesia with different customs and swine breeding conditions, serum samples from 137 swine farm workers, 100 blood donors and 100 swine (27 fecal samples also obtained) in Yogyakarta (Central Java) and from 12 and 64 swine farm workers, 42 and 135 local residents and 89 and 119 swine in Tulungagung (East Java) and Mengwi (Bali), respectively, from our previous study, were compared. Serological tests for anti...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - October 13, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dewiyani I. Widasari, Yoshihiko Yano, Takako Utsumi, Didik S. Heriyanto, Nungki Anggorowati, Hanggoro T. Rinonce, Totok Utoro, Maria I. Lusida, Soetjipto, Widya Asmara, Hak Hotta, Yoshitake Hayashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Molecular typing and genetic characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis isolates from humans and swine in Japan.
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) causes disease in both humans and swine; however, the genetic variations in MAH isolates are unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic variations in MAH isolates from humans and swine in Japan. We analyzed the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) using the Mycobacterium avium tandem repeat (MATR) loci, prevalence of ISMav6 and clarithromycin (CLA) resistance for MAH isolates from patients with pulmonary MAC (pMAC) disease (n = 69), HIV-seropositive and blood culture-positive (...
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - September 5, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Adachi T, Ichikawa K, Inagaki T, Moriyama M, Nakagawa T, Ogawa K, Hasegawa Y, Yagi T Tags: J Med Microbiol Source Type: research
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Clonal Distribution of Escherichia coli Carrying Mobilized Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1.1 in Swine Farms and Their Differences According to Swine Production Stages
Global spread of Escherichia coli strains carrying the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1.1 (MCR1-EC) poses serious threats to public health. Colistin has been generally prescribed for swine colibacillosis, having made swine farms as major reservoirs of MCR1-EC. The present study aimed to understand characteristic differences of MCR1-EC, including prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence, according to swine production stages. In addition, genetic relatedness was evaluated between MCR1-EC isolated from this study as well as pig-, human-, and chicken-derived strains published in the National Center for Biote...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - May 6, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Virulence‐associated genes, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from swine from 2000‐2012 in Brazil
ConclusionsThe genotyping results suggest that some strains isolated from swine and humans may descend from a common subtype and may indicate a possible risk of MDR S. Typhimurium with high frequency of virulence genes isolated from swine to contaminate humans in Brazil.
Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study provided new information about the pathogenic potential, antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity of S. Typhimurium isolates from swine origin in Brazil, the fourth largest producer of pigs worldwide.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology - February 23, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fernanda Almeida, Marta Inês Cazentini Medeiros, Jalusa Deon Kich, Juliana Pfrimer Falcão Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
