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Total 2001 results found since Jan 2013.

Control of endemic swine flu persistence in farrow-to-finish pig farms: a stochastic metapopulation modeling assessment
AbstractSwine influenza viruses (swIAVs) are known to persist endemically in farrow-to-finish pig farms, leading to repeated swine flu outbreaks in successive batches of pigs at a similar age (mostly around 8  weeks of age). This persistence in European swine herds involves swIAVs from European lineages including H1avN1, H1huN2, H3N2, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and their reassortants. The specific population dynamics of farrow-to-finish pig farms, the immune status of the animals at infection-time, the co-circulation of distinct subtypes leading to consecutive or concomitant infections have been evidenced as factors fav...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 3, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Adjuvant effects of invariant NKT cell ligand potentiates the innate and adaptive immunity to an inactivated H1N1 swine influenza virus vaccine in pigs
In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time iNKT cell adjuvant effects in pigs to SwIV Ags through augmenting the innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract.
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - March 3, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Selected highlights from other veterinary journals
Infection route is key to testing the effectiveness of swine flu vaccines J. D. Hemmink, S. B. Morgan, M. Aramouni, H. Everett, F. J. Salguero, L. Canini and others INFLUENZA A virus (IAV) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause substantial mortality and be rapidly disseminated through avian (ducks and chickens) and mammalian (human and pig) populations. Experimentally, influenza virus is delivered to pigs intranasally, by intratracheal instillation or by aerosol, but there is little data comparing the outcome of different methods. In order to determine the most relevant model for assessment of IAV pathogenesis, t...
Source: Veterinary Record - December 21, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Research Digest Source Type: research

A Review of the Current Status of Relevant Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Swine (Sus scrofa) Populations: Changes Modulating the Risk of Transmission to Humans
Summary Many wild swine populations in different parts of the World have experienced an unprecedented demographic explosion that may result in increased exposure of humans to wild swine zoonotic pathogens. Interactions between humans and wild swine leading to pathogen transmission could come from different ways, being hunters and game professionals the most exposed to acquiring infections from wild swine. However, increasing human settlements in semi‐natural areas, outdoor activities, socio‐economic changes and food habits may increase the rate of exposure to wild swine zoonotic pathogens and to potentially emerging pa...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - May 8, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: F. Ruiz‐Fons Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Pituitary Macrotumor Causing Narcolepsy ‐Cataplexy in a Dachshund
In this report, a pituitary mass is described as a unique cause of narcolepsy‐cataplexy in a dog. A 6‐year‐old male neutered Dachshund had presented for acute onset of feeding‐induced cataplexy and was found to have a pituitary macrotumor on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cerebral spinal fluid hypocretin‐1 levels were normal, indicating that tumor effect on the ventral lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus was not the cause of the dog's narcolepsy‐cataplexy. The dog was also negative for the hypocretin receptor 2 gene mutation associated with narcolepsy in Dachshunds, ruling out familial narcolepsy. The Dachsh...
Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. Schmid, A. Hodshon, S. Olin, I. Pfeiffer, S. Hecht Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Comparative virulence of wild-type H1N1pdm09 influenza A isolates in swine
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the HA protein can affect pathogenicity and antigenicity of H1N1pdm09 in swine. We compared lung pathology, viral replication and shedding and the antigenic relationships of four wild-type H1N1pdm09 viruses in pigs: one human (CA/09) and three isolated in swine after the pandemic (IL/09, IL/10, and MN/10). The swine strains were selected based upon unique amino acid substitutions in the HA protein. All selected viruses resulted in mild disease and viral shedding through nasal and oral fluids, however, viral replication and the degree of pathology varied bet...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - January 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Novel triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza viruses in pigs in Tianjin, Northern China
In this study, for the first time, we report the isolation and genetic analyses of three novel triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza viruses from pigs in Tianjin, Northern China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel viruses contained genes from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (PB2, PB1, PA and NP), Eurasian swine (HA, NA and M) and triple-reassortant swine (NS) lineages. This indicated that the reassortment among the 2009 pandemic H1N1, Eurasian swine and triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses had taken place in pigs in Tianjin and resulted in the generation of new viruses. Furthermore, three human-like H1N1, two cla...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - December 23, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Zoonotic pathogens from feral swine that pose a significant threat to public health
Summary The natural fecundity of suids, great ability to adapt to new habitats and desire for local hunting opportunities leading to translocation of feral pigs to regions where they are not yet established have all been instrumental in the home range expansion of feral swine. Feral swine populations in the United States continue to expand, wreaking havoc on agricultural lands, further compromising threatened and endangered species, and posing a microbiological threat to humans, domestic livestock and companion animals. This manuscript thoroughly reviews zoonotic diseases of concern including brucellosis, bovine tuberculos...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - January 31, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: V. R. Brown, R. A. Bowen, A. M. Bosco ‐Lauth Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in swine: the public health perspective.
Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are food-borne pathogens that are an important public health concern. STEC infection is associated with severe clinical diseases in human beings, including hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can lead to kidney failure and death. Cattle are the most important STEC reservoir. However, a number of STEC outbreaks and HUS cases have been attributed to pork products. In swine, STEC strains are known to be associated with edema disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between STEC of swine origin and human illness has yet to be...
Source: Animal Health Research Reviews - January 8, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tseng M, Fratamico PM, Manning SD, Funk JA Tags: Anim Health Res Rev Source Type: research

One‐Health Simulation Modelling: A Case Study of Influenza Spread between Human and Swine Populations using NAADSM
Summary The circulation of zoonotic influenza A viruses including pH1N1 2009 and H5N1 continue to present a constant threat to animal and human populations. Recently, an H3N2 variant spread from pigs to humans and between humans in limited numbers. Accordingly, this research investigated a range of scenarios of the transmission dynamics of pH1N1 2009 virus at the swine–human interface while accounting for different percentages of swine workers initially immune. Furthermore, the feasibility of using NAADSM (North American Animal Disease Spread Model) applied as a one‐health simulation model was assessed. The study popul...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - March 24, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. Dorjee, C. W. Revie, Z. Poljak, W. B. McNab, J. Sanchez Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Live poultry market workers are susceptible to both avian and swine influenza viruses, Guangdong Province, China
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2015 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Jidang Chen, Jun Ma, Sarah K. White, Zhenpeng Cao, Yun Zhen, Shuyi He, Wanjun Zhu, Changwen Ke, Yongbiao Zhang, Shuo Su, Guihong Zhang Guangdong Province is recognized for dense populations of humans, pigs, poultry and pets. In order to evaluate the threat of viral infection faced by those working with animals, a cross-sectional, sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Guangdong between December 2013 and January 2014. Individuals working with swine, at poultry farms, or live poultry markets (LPM), and veterinaria...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - September 25, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

One‐Health Simulation Modelling: Assessment of Control Strategies Against the Spread of Influenza between Swine and Human Populations Using NAADSM
In conclusion, our study suggests that the early detection (and therefore effective surveillance) and effective quarantine had the largest impact in the control of the influenza spread, consistent with earlier studies. To our knowledge, no study had previously assessed the impact of the combination of different intervention strategies involving the simultaneous spread of influenza between swine and human populations.
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - September 15, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. Dorjee, C. W. Revie, Z. Poljak, W. B. McNab, J. T. McClure, J. Sanchez Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Insulated Isothermal Reverse Transcriptase PCR (iiRT‐PCR) for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus
In this study, we describe validation of a new probe‐based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase PCR (iiRT‐PCR) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) on a compact, user‐friendly device (POCKIT™ Nucleic Acid Analyzer) that does not need data interpretation by the user. The assay accurately detected CSFV RNA from a diverse panel of 33 CSFV strains representing all three genotypes plus an additional in vitro‐transcribed RNA from cloned sequences representing a vaccine strain. No cross‐reactivity was observed with a panel of 18 viruses associated with livestock including eight other ...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - January 28, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: O. Lung, J. Pasick, M. Fisher, C. Buchanan, A. Erickson, A. Ambagala Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Financial Impacts of Priority Swine Diseases to Pig Farmers in Red River and Mekong River Delta, Vietnam
Summary A study was conducted between May 2013 and August 2014 in three provinces of Vietnam to investigate financial impacts of swine diseases in pig holdings in 2010–2013. The aim of the study was to quantify the costs of swine diseases at producer level in order to understand swine disease priority for monitoring at local level. Financial impacts of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), foot and mouth disease (FMD), and epidemic diarrhoea were assessed for 162 pig holders in two Red River Delta provinces and in one Mekong River Delta province, using data on pig production and swine disease outbreaks at...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - February 29, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: H. T. T. Pham, N. Antoine‐Moussiaux, V. Grosbois, N. Moula, B. D. Truong, T. D. Phan, T. D. Vu, T. Q. Trinh, C. C. Vu, T. Rukkwamsuk, M. Peyre Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Insulated Isothermal Reverse Transcriptase PCR (iiRT ‐PCR) for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus
In this study, we describe validation of a new probe‐based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase PCR (iiRT‐PCR) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) on a compact, user‐friendly device (POCKIT™ Nucleic Acid Analyzer) that does not need data interpretation by the user. The assay accurately detected CSFV RNA from a diverse panel of 33 CSFV strains representing all three genotypes plus an additional in vitro‐transcribed RNA from cloned sequences representing a vaccine strain. No cross‐reactivity was observed with a panel of 18 viruses associated with livestock including eight other ...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - January 26, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: O. Lung, J. Pasick, M. Fisher, C. Buchanan, A. Erickson, A. Ambagala Tags: Original Article Source Type: research