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Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 4672: Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples
owska The parents’ addictions and eating habits have a significant influence on the child’s growth. The first stool of a newborn baby provides a large amount of information about xenobiotics transmitted by the mother’s body. The analytical technique used in the study is ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). The biological samples, which were obtained from women staying in a maternity ward and their partners, revealed cyanide concentrations in urine samples spanning 1.30–25.3 μg L−1. Meanwhile, the results of the meconium samples were in the range of 1.54 μg L−1 to 24.9 μg L−1....
Source: Molecules - August 2, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke Krystyna Kozio ł Bogumi ła Kiełbratowska Żaneta Polkowska Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 4009: Understanding the Palatability, Flavor, Starch Functional Properties and Storability of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice
In conclusion, this study suggested that YY-IJHR had better rice quality and storability than N84. PCA indicated that the grain quality and storability of YY12 and YY15 were similar and performed better than YY1540, while the aroma components and starch functional properties of YY-IJHR cultivars all had significant differences.
Source: Molecules - June 22, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xue Gong Lin Zhu Aixia Wang Huihan Xi Mengzi Nie Zhiying Chen Yue He Yu Tian Fengzhong Wang Litao Tong Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 1184: Nutritional Value and Biological Activity of Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Cricket Powder
ik Kmiecik Cricket powder, described in the literature as a source of nutrients, can be a valuable ingredient to supplement deficiencies in various food products. Work continues on the implementation of cricket powder in products that are widely consumed. The aim of this study was to obtain gluten-free bread with a superior nutritional profile by means of insect powder addition. Gluten-free breads enriched with 2%, 6%, and 10% of cricket (Acheta domesticus) powder were formulated and extensively characterized. The nutritional value, as well as antioxidant and β-glucuronidase activities, were assessed after simulated i...
Source: Molecules - February 23, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Przemys ław Łukasz Kowalczewski Ma łgorzata Gumienna Iga Rybicka Barbara G órna Paulina Sarbak Krzysztof Dziedzic Dominik Kmiecik Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 612: Effect of Extraction Procedures with Ultrasound and Cellulolytic Enzymes on the Structural and Functional Properties of Citrus grandis Osbeck Seed Mucilage
Lai The structural and functional properties of Citrus grandis Osbeck (CGO) seed mucilage by different extraction practices, including conventional citrate buffer, ultrasonic-assisted (UAE), enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) with cellulase or Celluclast® 1.5 L and various ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) procedures were investigated. It was found that CGO seed from agricultural and processing byproducts is an excellent new source of high methoxyl pectin with quite high intrinsic viscosity (about 108.64 dL/g) and molecular weight (about 1.9 × 106) as compared with other pectin ...
Source: Molecules - January 18, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yu-Cheng Yeh Lih-Shiuh Lai Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 8146: Trichoderma versus Fusarium & mdash;Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis
This study evaluated the ability of selected strains of Trichoderma viride, T. viridescens, and T. atroviride to inhibit mycelium growth and the biosynthesis of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN), α-(α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) by selected strains of Fusarium culmorum and F. cerealis. For this purpose, an in vitro experiment was carried out on solid substrates (PDA and rice). After 5 days of co-culture, it was found that all Trichoderma strains used in the experiment significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium mycelium. Qualitativ...
Source: Molecules - November 23, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Marta Modrzewska Lidia B łaszczyk Łukasz Stępień Monika Urbaniak Agnieszka Wa śkiewicz Tomoya Yoshinari Marcin Bry ła Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 59: In Vitro and In Vivo Protective Effects of Lentil (Lens culinaris) Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Syng-Ook Lee Excessive oxidative stress plays a role in hepatotoxicity and the pathogenesis of hepatic diseases. In our previous study, the phenolic extract of beluga lentil (BLE) showed the most potent in vitro antioxidant activity among extracts of four common varieties of lentils; thus, we hypothesized that BLE might protect liver cells against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. BLE was evaluated for its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in AML12 mouse hepatocytes and BALB/c mice. H2O2 treatment caused a marked decrease in cell viability; however, pretreatment with BLE (25&a...
Source: Molecules - December 23, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yeon-Seop Jung So-Hee Lee So Young Chun Dae Hwan Kim Byung Ik Jang Man-Hoon Han Syng-Ook Lee Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 2878: Effects of Methyl Jasmonate and Nano-Methyl Jasmonate Treatments on Monastrell Wine Volatile Composition
il-Muñoz The application of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) as an elicitor to enhance secondary metabolites in grapes and wines has been studied, but there is little information about its use in conjunction with nanotechnology and no information about its effects on wine volatile compounds. This led us to study the impact of nanoparticles doped with MeJ (Nano-MeJ, 1mM MeJ) on the volatile composition of Monastrell wines over three seasons, compared with the application of MeJ in a conventional way (10 mM MeJ). The results showed how both treatments enhanced fruity esters in wines regardless of the vintage year, although the in...
Source: Molecules - April 30, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Mar ía José Giménez-Bañón Juan Daniel Moreno-Olivares Diego Fernando Paladines-Quezada Juan Antonio Bleda-S ánchez Jos é Ignacio Fernández-Fernández Bel én Parra-Torrejón Jos é Manuel Delgado-López Roc ío Gil-Muñoz Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 472: Pectin and Neutral Monosaccharides Production during the Simultaneous Hydrothermal Extraction of Waste Biomass from Refining of Sugar —Optimization with the Use of Doehlert Design
Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 472: Pectin and Neutral Monosaccharides Production during the Simultaneous Hydrothermal Extraction of Waste Biomass from Refining of Sugar—Optimization with the Use of Doehlert Design Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules24030472 Authors: Hanna Pińkowska Małgorzata Krzywonos Paweł Wolak Adrianna Złocińska We propose a one-stage hydrothermal extraction of sugar beet pulp leading to effective co-production of pectin and neutral monosaccharides with a relatively high yield and satisfactory purity without the presence of an acidic catalyst. The optimal experimental design methodology w...
Source: Molecules - January 29, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hanna Pi ńkowska Ma łgorzata Krzywonos Pawe ł Wolak Adrianna Z łocińska Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 1361: Maillard Reaction Products in Gluten-Free Bread Made from Raw and Roasted Buckwheat Flour
zkudlarz The formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in gluten-free bread made from roasted and raw buckwheat flour was examined. The levels of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (catechin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, and others) and phenolic acids (like 4-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, dihydroxybenzoic, ferulic, gallic, syringic, vanillic, and p-coumaric) were measured using reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP–UHPLC–ESI-MS). Early and advanced Maillard reaction products were analyzed using HPLC, whereas spectrofluorimetric analysis was use...
Source: Molecules - March 4, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Maria Barbara R óżańska Aleksander Siger Artur Szwengiel Krzysztof Dziedzic Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 28, Pages 2875: Phytocannabinoids: Chromatographic Screening of Cannabinoids and Loading into Lipid Nanoparticles
Karczewski Souto Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) are receiving increasing interest as an approach to encapsulate natural extracts to increase the physicochemical stability of bioactives. Cannabis extract-derived cannabidiol (CBD) has potent therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. In this work, physicochemical characterization was carried out after producing Compritol-based nanoparticles (cSLN or cNLC) loaded with CBD. Then, the determination of the encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), particle size (Z-...
Source: Molecules - March 22, 2023 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zieli ńska da Ana Fonseca Szalata Wielgus Fathi Oliveira Staszewski Karczewski Souto Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 20, Pages 2536-2554: Promoting Effect of Foliage Sprayed Zinc Sulfate on Accumulation of Sugar and Phenolics in Berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Growing on Zinc Deficient Soil
The effect of foliage sprayed zinc sulfate on berry development of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils was investigated over two consecutive seasons, 2013 and 2014. Initial zinc concentration in soil and vines, photosynthesis at three berry developmental stages, berry weight, content of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, phenolics and expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout the stages were measured. Foliage sprayed zinc sulfate showed promoting effects on photosynthesis and berry development of vines and the promotion mainly occurred from veraison to maturation. Zn...
Source: Molecules - February 2, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chang-Zheng SongMei-Ying LiuJiang-Fei MengMing ChiZhu-Mei XiZhen-Wen Zhang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 21, Pages 655: Low-Molecular Weight Polyethylenimine Modified with Pluronic 123 and RGD- or Chimeric RGD-NLS Peptide: Characteristics and Transfection Efficacy of Their Complexes with Plasmid DNA
To solve the problem of transfection efficiency vs. cytotoxicity and tumor-targeting ability when polyethylenimine (PEI) was used as a nonviral gene delivery vector, new degradable PEI polymers were synthesized via cross-linking low-molecular-weight PEI with Pluronic P123 and then further coupled with a targeting peptide R4 (RGD) and a bifunctional R11 (RGD-NLS), which were termed as P123-PEI-R4 and P123-PEI-R11, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that both P123-PEI-R4 and P123-PEI-R11 efficaciously condense plasmid DNA at a polymer-to-pDNA w/w ratio of 3.0 and 0.4, respectively. The polyplexes were stable in...
Source: Molecules - May 17, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jing HuWenfang ZhaoKehai LiuQian YuYuan MaoZeyu LuYaguang ZhangManman Zhu Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 21, Pages 715: Sorbicillinoids from Fungi and Their Bioactivities
Sorbicillinoids are important hexaketide metabolites derived from fungi. They have a variety of biological activities including cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral and antimicrobial activity. The unique structural features of the sorbicillinoids make them attractive candidates for developing new pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents. About 90 sorbicillinoids have been reported in the past few decades. This mini-review aims to briefly summarize their occurrence, structures, and biological activities.
Source: Molecules - May 31, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jiajia MengXiaohan WangDan XuXiaoxiang FuXuping ZhangDaowan LaiLigang ZhouGuozhen Zhang Tags: Review Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 2288: Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz & amp; Pav.) Briq.: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity
Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 2288: Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules24122288 Authors: Milan Malaník Jakub Treml Veronika Rjašková Karolina Tížková Petra Kaucká Ladislav Kokoška Peter Kubatka Karel Šmejkal Maytenus macrocarpa (Celastraceae) is a tree native to Amazonia. Its roots, leaves, bark, and combinations of these are used in traditional medicine mainly to treat rheumatism and, to a lesser extent, to heal wounds and to combat bronchitis and diarrhea. To date, mainly triterpenes and dihydro-&b...
Source: Molecules - June 19, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Milan Malan ík Jakub Treml Veronika Rja šková Karolina T ížková Petra Kauck á Ladislav Koko ška Peter Kubatka Karel Šmejkal Tags: Review Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 2314: A Simple and Efficient Mechanochemical Route for the Synthesis of Salophen Ligands and of the Corresponding Zn, Ni, and Pd Complexes
ella Dalla Cort A number of salophen ligands and their Zn, Ni, and Pd complexes were synthesized by an efficient one-pot mechanosynthesis protocol. The reaction products were characterized by means of complementary solid-state techniques, i.e., powder X-ray diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Four new crystal structures of metal salophen complexes as DMSO solvates are here reported. The described simple and relatively fast (about 1 h for all derivatives) procedure is a good alternative to classical methods performed in organic solvents.
Source: Molecules - June 21, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Luca Leoni Andrea Carletta Luca Fusaro Jean Dubois Nikolay A. Tumanov Carmela Aprile Johan Wouters Antonella Dalla Cort Tags: Article Source Type: research