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Degenerative findings on MRI of the cervical spine: an inter- and intra-rater reliability study
Knowledge about the assessment reliability of common cervical spine changes is a prerequisite for precise and consistent communication about Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings. The purpose of this study...
Source: Chiropractic and Osteopathy - October 16, 2018 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Line Thorndal Moll, Morten Wasmod Kindt, Christina Malmose Stapelfeldt and Tue Secher Jensen Tags: Methodology Source Type: research

The Potential of Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Review of the Literature
Abstract Neurofeedback is defined as the training of voluntary regulation of localised neural activity using real‐time feedback through a brain‐computer interface. It has shown initial success as a potential clinical treatment tool in proof of concept studies, but has yet to be evaluated with respect to eating disorders. This paper (i) provides a brief overview of the current status of eating disorder treatments; (ii) describes the studies to date that use neurofeedback involving electroencephalography, real‐time functional magnetic resonance imaging or near‐infrared spectroscopy; and (iii) considers the potential ...
Source: European Eating Disorders Review - September 30, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Savani Bartholdy, Peter Musiat, Iain C. Campbell, Ulrike Schmidt Tags: Review Source Type: research

Negative urgency, disinhibition and reduced temporal pole gray matter characterize the comorbidity of cocaine dependence and personality disorders
Conclusion: The co-occurrence of cocaine dependence and personality disorders is associated with negative-mood impulsivity and beliefs, executive dysfunction and temporal pole attrition.
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2013 Category: Addiction Authors: Natalia Albein-Urios, José Miguel Martinez-Gonzalez, Óscar Lozano, Laura Moreno-López, Carles Soriano-Mas, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia Tags: Full Length Reports Source Type: research

Satiation attenuates BOLD activity in brain regions involved in reward and increases activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: an fMRI study in healthy volunteers Obesity and eating disorders
Conclusions: These results suggest that natural satiation attenuates activity in reward-related brain regions and increases activity in the dlPFC, which may reflect a "top down" cognitive influence on satiation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02298049.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 1, 2015 Category: Nutrition Authors: Thomas, J. M., Higgs, S., Dourish, C. T., Hansen, P. C., Harmer, C. J., McCabe, C. Tags: Obesity and eating disorders Source Type: research

Increased colonic propionate reduces anticipatory reward responses in the human striatum to high-energy foods Obesity and eating disorders
Conclusion: Our results suggest that colonic propionate production may play an important role in attenuating reward-based eating behavior via striatal pathways, independent of changes in plasma PYY and GLP-1. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00750438.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 30, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Byrne, C. S., Chambers, E. S., Alhabeeb, H., Chhina, N., Morrison, D. J., Preston, T., Tedford, C., Fitzpatrick, J., Irani, C., Busza, A., Garcia-Perez, I., Fountana, S., Holmes, E., Goldstone, A. P., Frost, G. S. Tags: Obesity and eating disorders Source Type: research

Epilepsy and traditional healers in the Republic of Guinea: A mixed methods study.
CONCLUSIONS: Traditional healers in Guinea provide frontline care for PWE in Guinea with considerable delays in AED initiation, even among a cohort of PWE actively seeking medical care. Engaging with these healers is critical for both influencing community perceptions and appropriately managing epilepsy throughout the country. PMID: 30731293 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - February 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Anand P, Othon GC, Sakadi F, Tassiou NR, Hamani ABD, Bah AK, Allaramadji BT, Barry DN, Vogel A, Cisse FA, Mateen FJ, Guinea Epilepsy Project Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

Epilepsy and traditional healers in the Republic of Guinea: A mixed methods study
ConclusionsTraditional healers in Guinea provide frontline care for PWE in Guinea with considerable delays in AED initiation, even among a cohort of PWE actively seeking medical care. Engaging with these healers is critical for both influencing community perceptions and appropriately managing epilepsy throughout the country.
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior - February 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The influence of the subcortex and brain stem on overeating: How advances in functional neuroimaging can be applied to expand neurobiological models to beyond the cortex
AbstractFunctional neuroimaging has become a widely used tool in obesity and eating disorder research to explore the alterations in neurobiology that underlie overeating and binge eating behaviors. Current and traditional neurobiological models underscore the importance of impairments in brain systems supporting reward, cognitive control, attention, and emotion regulation as primary drivers for overeating. Due to the technical limitations of standard field strength functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners, human neuroimaging research to date has focused largely on cortical and basal ganglia effects on appetiti...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - April 5, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Differential Neural Correlates of Set‐Shifting in the Bingeing–Purging and Restrictive Subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa: An fMRI Study
In this study, possible differences in the neural correlates of set‐shifting abilities between the restrictive (AN‐R) and bingeing/purging (AN‐BP) subtypes of anorexia nervosa have been explored. Three groups of participants performed a set‐shifting task during functional magnetic resonance imaging: patients with AN‐R (N = 16), AN‐BP (N = 13) and healthy control participants (N = 15). As in a typical set‐shifting experiment, participants had to switch between two easy tasks (i.e. ‘Is the presented number odd/even’ or ‘Is the presented number smaller/larger than 5’). The trials in which the...
Source: European Eating Disorders Review - February 9, 2016 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Sara Van Autreve, Wouter De. Baene, Chris Baeken, Kees Heeringen, Nikita Vancayseele, Myriam Vervaet Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Differential Neural Correlates of Set ‐Shifting in the Bingeing–Purging and Restrictive Subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa: An fMRI Study
In this study, possible differences in the neural correlates of set‐shifting abilities between the restrictive (AN‐R) and bingeing/purging (AN‐BP) subtypes of anorexia nervosa have been explored. Three groups of participants performed a set‐shifting task during functional magnetic resonance imaging: patients with AN‐R (N = 16), AN‐BP (N = 13) and healthy control participants (N = 15). As in a typical set‐shifting experiment, participants had to switch between two easy tasks (i.e. ‘Is the presented number odd/even’ or ‘Is the presented number smaller/larger than 5’). The trials in which the...
Source: European Eating Disorders Review - February 8, 2016 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Sara Van Autreve, Wouter De. Baene, Chris Baeken, Kees Heeringen, Nikita Vancayseele, Myriam Vervaet Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Aerated drinks increase gastric volume and reduce appetite as assessed by MRI: a randomized, balanced, crossover trial Obesity and eating disorders
Conclusions: With this MRI trial, we provide novel insights on the gastrointestinal behavior of aerated drinks by measuring separate volumes of foam, liquid, and air layers in the stomach. Appetite suppression induced by foams could largely be explained by effects on gastric volumes and emptying, which may be further enhanced by foam stability. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01690182.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - February 2, 2015 Category: Nutrition Authors: Murray, K., Placidi, E., Schuring, E. A., Hoad, C. L., Koppenol, W., Arnaudov, L. N., Blom, W. A., Pritchard, S. E., Stoyanov, S. D., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., Peters, H. P., Marciani, L. Tags: Obesity and eating disorders Source Type: research

Developmental differences in the brain response to unhealthy food cues: an fMRI study of children and adults Obesity and eating disorders
Conclusions: Unhealthy foods might elicit more attention both in children and in adults. Children had stronger activation while viewing unhealthy compared with healthy foods in areas involved in reward, motivation, and memory. Furthermore, children activated a motivation and reward area located in the motor cortex more strongly than did adults in response to unhealthy foods. Finally, children with a higher BMI had less activation in inhibitory areas in response to unhealthy foods, which may mean they are more susceptible to tempting food cues. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as NTR4255.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - November 30, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: van Meer, F., van der Laan, L. N., Charbonnier, L., Viergever, M. A., Adan, R. A., Smeets, P. A., on behalf of the I.Family Consortium Tags: Obesity and Metabolism Research Articles, Research Need: Impact of Nutrition on Healthy Growth, Development, and Reproduction Obesity and eating disorders Source Type: research

Elevated reward response to receipt of palatable food predicts future weight variability in healthy-weight adolescents Obesity and eating disorders
Conclusions: From our study data, we suggest that the elevated activation of reward and emotional-regulation brain regions (medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and insula) and lower activation in self-reference regions (precuneus) in response to milkshake receipt predict weight variability over 3 y of follow-up. The fact that the reward response in the current study emerged in response to high-calorie palatable food receipt suggests that weight variability may be a measure of propensity periods of a positive energy balance and should be examined in addition to measures of the net weight change. With our collective ...
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 3, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Winter, S. R., Yokum, S., Stice, E., Osipowicz, K., Lowe, M. R. Tags: Obesity and Metabolism Research Articles, Research Need: Understanding Nutrition-related Behaviors Obesity and eating disorders Source Type: research

Editorial: To Eat or Not to Eat: Advancing the Neuroscience of Hedonic Versus Controlled Eating Across Weight and Eating Disorders
Excessive weight and obesity, especially with childhood onset, is associated with long-term morbidity and mortality and places a major burden on the health care system. In the United States, 17% of children and adolescents are obese (32% overweight). By adulthood, the number rises to 34% or even 68% when also considering overweight individuals.1 Conventional nonsurgical treatments are often ineffective, and weight loss achieved with behaviorally oriented therapy programs is usually small ( ∼5%) and short-lived.2 A better understanding of the associated psychological mechanisms and their neurobiological underpinnings may ...
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - November 29, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Stefan Ehrlich, Joseph A. King, Ilka Boehm Tags: Editorial Source Type: research