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Specialty: Genetics & Stem Cells

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Total 250404 results found since Jan 2013.

Multifactorial beliefs about the role of genetics and behavior in common health conditions: prevalence and associations with participant characteristics and engagement in health behaviors
Hamilton
Source: Genetics in Medicine - December 3, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Erika A. WatersJaclyn MuffJada G. Hamilton Tags: cancer causal beliefs chronic disease genetics health behavior Source Type: research

Variation in Mothers ’ Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1a and Dopamine Receptor D4 Genes Predict Maternal Sensitivity via Social Cognition
We examined the extent to which the arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) and dopamine receptor d4 (DRD4) were related to sensitive maternal behavior directly or indirectly via maternal social cognition. Participants were 207 (105 European American, 102 African American) mothers and their children (52% female). Sensitive maternal behavior was rated and aggregated across a series of tasks when infants were 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years old. At 6 months, mothers were interviewed about their empathy, attributions about infant behavior, and beliefs about crying to assess their parenting‐related social cognition. Mothers ...
Source: Genes, Brain and Behavior - June 30, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Esther M. Leerkes, Jinni Su, Susan Calkins, Vincent C. Henrich, Andrew Smolen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Variation in mothers' arginine vasopressin receptor 1a and dopamine receptor D4 genes predicts maternal sensitivity via social cognition
We examined the extent to which the arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) were related to sensitive maternal behavior directly or indirectly via maternal social cognition. Participants were 207 (105 European‐American and 102 African‐American) mothers and their children (52% females). Sensitive maternal behavior was rated and aggregated across a series of tasks when infants were 6 months, 1 year and 2 years old. At 6 months, mothers were interviewed about their empathy, attributions about infant behavior and beliefs about crying to assess their parenting‐related social cogni...
Source: Genes, Brain and Behavior - October 6, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: E. M. Leerkes, J. Su, S. Calkins, V. C. Henrich, A. Smolen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Xenopus in Space and Time: Fossils, Node Calibrations, Tip-Dating, and Paleobiogeography
Published data from DNA sequences, morphology of 11 extant and 15 extinct frog taxa, and stratigraphic ranges of fossils were integrated to open a window into the deep-time evolution of Xenopus. The ages and morphological characters of fossils were used as independent datasets to calibrate a chronogram. We found that DNA sequences, either alone or in combination with morphological data and fossils, tended to support a close relationship between Xenopus and Hymenochirus, although in some analyses this topology was not significantly better than the Pipa + Hymenochirus topology. Analyses that excluded DNA data found strong su...
Source: Cytogenetic and Genome Research - August 7, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The Role of the Environment in Overweight and Eating Behavior Variability: Insights from a Multivariate Twin Study.
In this study, we decompose variation and covariation between three key eating behaviors and BMI in a sample of 698 participants, consisting of 167 monozygotic, 150 dizygotic complete same-sex female twins and 64 incomplete pairs from a population-based twin registry in the southeast of Spain, The Murcia Twin Registry. Phenotypes were emotional eating, uncontrolled eating and cognitive restraint, measured by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and objectively measured BMI. Variation in eating behaviors was driven by nonshared environmental factors (range: 56%-65%), whereas shared environmental and genetic factors were se...
Source: Twin Research and Human Genetics - January 22, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Herle M, Madrid-Valero JJ, Morosoli JJ, Colodro-Conde L, Ordoñana J Tags: Twin Res Hum Genet Source Type: research

Phylogeny and molecular dating of the cerato-platanin-encoding genes
The cerato-platanin family consists of proteins that can induce immune responses, cause necrosis, change chemotaxis and locomotion and may be related to the growth and development of various fungi. In this work, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among genes encoding members of the cerato-platanin family and computed the divergence times of the genes and corresponding fungi. The results showed that cerato-platanin-encoding genes could be classified into 10 groups but did not cluster according to fungal classes or their functions. The genes transferred horizontally and showed duplication. Molecular dating and adapti...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 23, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Evaluations of life style factors and the severity of Gastroesophageal reflux disease; a case-control study.
This study focuses on the background features of these patients and evaluates the two GERD sub types; none erosive (NERD) and erosive (ERD). In a case-control study, patients with reflux symptoms who had obtained a total score of 8-18 of the GERD questionnaire were included. Control group consisted of their families with lower scores and no reflux presentations. All demographic features were recorded. Then upper GI endoscopy performed and the cases divided into two sub groups: NERD and ERD. In the next step, all demographic data analyzed for these two subgroups. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21. A ...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics - September 30, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet Source Type: research

The Hiroshima/Nagasaki Survivor Studies: Discrepancies Between Results and General Perception Perspectives
The explosion of atom bombs over the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 resulted in very high casualties, both immediate and delayed but also left a large number of survivors who had been exposed to radiation, at levels that could be fairly precisely ascertained. Extensive follow-up of a large cohort of survivors (120,000) and of their offspring (77,000) was initiated in 1947 and continues to this day. In essence, survivors having received 1 Gy irradiation (~1000 mSV) have a significantly elevated rate of cancer (42% increase) but a limited decrease of longevity (~1 year), while their offspring show no increas...
Source: Genetics - August 10, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Jordan, B. R. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research

qAC2, a novel QTL that interacts with Wx and controls the low amylose content in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Abstract KEY MESSAGE: This manuscript reports the fine mapping of a novel QTL, qAC2 controlling the low amylose in rice. The action mechanism of the qAC2 is also investigated by the analysis of genetic interactions to Wx (a) , Wx (b) , du1, du2 and du3. Amylose content of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm greatly affects starch properties and eating quality of cooked rice. Seeds of japonica rice cultivar Kuiku162 have low amylose content (AC) and good eating quality. Our analysis revealed a novel QTL, designated as qAC2 that contributed to the low AC of Kuiku162. qAC2 was fine mapped within a 74.9-kb region bet...
Source: TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics - March 12, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Takemoto-Kuno Y, Mitsueda H, Suzuki K, Hirabayashi H, Ideta O, Aoki N, Umemoto T, Ishii T, Ando I, Kato H, Nemoto H, Imbe T, Takeuchi Y Tags: Theor Appl Genet Source Type: research

qFC6, a major gene for crude fat content and quality in rice
In this study, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL), qFC6, for crude fat (free lipids) content through association analysis and linkage analysis. Gene-based association analysis revealed that LOC_Os06g04200, also known as Wx, was the candidate gene for qFC6. Complementation and knockout transgenic lines revealed that Wx negatively regulates crude fat content. Lipid composition and content analysis by gas chromatography and taste evaluation analysis showed that FC6 positively influenced bound lipids content and negatively affected both free lipids content and taste. Besides, higher free lipids content rice varieti...
Source: TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics - June 17, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Duo Xia Hao Zhou Yipei Wang Yiting Ao Yanhua Li Jinjie Huang Bian Wu Xianghua Li Gongwei Wang Jinghua Xiao Qiaoquan Liu Yuqing He Source Type: research

Defining and managing incidental findings in genetic and genomic practice
The rapidly declining costs and increasing speeds of whole-genome analysis mean that genetic testing is undergoing a shift from targeted approaches to broader ones that look at the entire genome. As whole-genome technologies gain widespread use, questions about the management of so-called incidental findings—those unrelated to the question being asked—need urgent consideration. In this review, we bring together current understanding and arguments about (1) appropriate terminology, (2) the determination of clinical utility and when to disclose incidental findings, (3) the differences in management and disclosure...
Source: Journal of Medical Genetics - October 14, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Shkedi-Rafid, S., Dheensa, S., Crawford, G., Fenwick, A., Lucassen, A. Tags: Ethics and policy Source Type: research

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria: pathophysiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, and management
Publication date: Available online 24 January 2019Source: Molecular Genetics and MetabolismAuthor(s): Manisha BalwaniAbstractErythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked Protoporphyria (XLP) are rare, genetic photodermatoses resulting from defects in enzymes of the heme-biosynthetic pathway. EPP results from the partial deficiency of ferrochelatase, and XLP results from gain-of-function mutations in erythroid specific ALAS2. Both disorders result in the accumulation of erythrocyte protoporphyrin, which is released in the plasma and taken up by the liver and vascular endothelium. The accumulated protoporphyrin is activa...
Source: Molecular Genetics and Metabolism - January 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Chromatin targeting drugs in cancer and immunity Reviews
Recent advances in the enzymology of transcription and chromatin regulation have led to the discovery of proteins that play a prominent role in cell differentiation and the maintenance of specialized cell functions. Knowledge about post-synthetic DNA and histone modifications as well as information about the rules that guide the formation of multimolecular chromatin-bound complexes have helped to delineate gene-regulating pathways and describe how these pathways are altered in various pathological conditions. The present review focuses on the emerging area of therapeutic interference with chromatin function for the purpose...
Source: Genes and Development - August 20, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Prinjha, R., Tarakhovsky, A. Tags: Chromatin and Gene Expression, Cancer and Disease Models, Immunology Reviews Source Type: research

What have single-molecule studies taught us about gene expression? Reviews
The production of a single mRNA is the result of many sequential steps, from docking of transcription factors to polymerase initiation, elongation, splicing, and, finally, termination. Much of our knowledge about the fundamentals of RNA synthesis and processing come from ensemble in vitro biochemical measurements. Single-molecule approaches are very much in this same reductionist tradition but offer exquisite sensitivity in space and time along with the ability to observe heterogeneous behavior and actually manipulate macromolecules. These techniques can also be applied in vivo, allowing one to address questions in living ...
Source: Genes and Development - September 5, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Chen, H., Larson, D. R. Tags: Chromatin and Gene Expression Reviews Source Type: research

Identification of a novel gene, H34, in wheat using recombinant inbred lines and single nucleotide polymorphism markers.
This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Hessian fly resistance (HFR) in the wheat cultivar 'Clark' and tightly linked DNA markers for the QTLs. A linkage map was constructed with single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross 'Ning7840' × 'Clark' by single-seed descent. Two QTLs associated with resistance to fly biotype GP were identified on chromosomes 6B and 1A, with the resistance alleles contributed from 'Clark'. The QTL on 6B flanked by loci Xsnp921 and Xsnp2745 explained about 37.2 % of the phenotypic ...
Source: TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics - May 21, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Li C, Chen M, Chao S, Yu J, Bai G Tags: Theor Appl Genet Source Type: research