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Specialty: Forensic Medicine

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Total 112 results found since Jan 2013.

How to prove neglect in the context of the post-mortem examination
In this study, we evaluated 46 autopsied cases where there was clear evidence of physical neglect during the last period of the deceased ’s life. The age of the deceased ranged from 21 to 96 years; most of them were female (71.7%). The majority of cases (89.9%) took place in a domestic environment, with partners or relatives providing care. The most frequent post-mortem findings were pressure sores, followed by inflammatory skin ch anges, and signs of malnutrition and dehydration. Neglect was the cause or co-cause of death in 23% of the cases. More than half of the deceased showed severe contamination of the skin surface...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - August 14, 2023 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

A beetle for prosecution: exogenous DNA detection from larval and adult gut of a Neotropical carrion beetle
This study evaluated whether the Neotropical carrion beetleOxelytrum discicolle (Silphidae) has the potential for the detection of exogenous DNA into the gut. The whole gut or the gut contents were extracted fromO. discicolle larvae and adult previously fed on pig carcass. The pig DNA recovery rate was 33.3% in larvae and 25% in adults, indicating that the carrion beetle ’s gut may be useful for DNA identification of ingested food. Samples with the whole gut or only gut contents showed the same DNA recovery rate. Exogenous DNA from the whole gut was recovered from samples stored in ethanol at -20 ºC for 11 days, showing...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - May 27, 2023 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Carrion flies (Insecta: Diptera) found on human cadavers in Chiba prefecture, Honshu, Japan, with the first record of Fannia prisca from a human corpse
In conclusion, this is the first report to reveal the presence of carrion flies in human death cases in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Research in FE is important in the context of the Japanese natural and social environment since this can aid forensic investigations conducted by authorities.PMID:36059106 | DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.15128
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - September 5, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Shumari Urabe Hiromu Kurahashi Go Inokuchi Fumiko Chiba Ayumi Motomura Yumi Hoshioka Suguru Torimitsu Rutsuko Yamaguchi Shigeki Tsuneya Hirotaro Iwase Source Type: research

Comparison of DNA extraction techniques for the recovery of bovine DNA from fly larvae crops
J Forensic Sci. 2022 Feb 18. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.15010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTForensic entomology aids investigations using insects and is primarily associated with the estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI). Studies have shown that human DNA can be recovered from the crops of fly larvae. While several factors regarding the recovery of human DNA from crops have been studied, DNA extraction methods have not been thoroughly assessed. Determining a method for optimal extraction could aid crime laboratories in implementing DNA extraction from larvae and streamlining future research. Bovine DNA was used as a substi...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - February 18, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Cesar Cantu Sibyl Bucheli Rachel Houston Source Type: research

An examination of the intrapuparial development of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Calliphoridae: Diptera) at three different temperatures
In this study,Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), which is a cosmopolitan species and one of the most rapidly attracted to carrion, was studied. The focus was the intrapuparial development periods of this species at varying temperatures (20, 25, and 30  °C), knowledge which is used in forensic entomology for the estimation of Post-mortem interval (PMI) and is a type of black box. At the specified temperatures, pupae were collected and puparia were dissected hourly; thus, developmental periods were determined, and minimum and maximum starting tim es of these periods were calculated. With this research, a total of 20 per...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 28, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Infrared spectroscopy and forensic entomology: Can this union work? A literature review
J Forensic Sci. 2021 Jul 22. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14800. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFor more than two decades, infrared spectroscopy techniques combined with multivariate analysis have been efficiently applied in several entomological fields, such as Taxonomy and Toxicology. However, little is known about its use and applicability in Forensic entomology (FE) field, with vibrational techniques such as Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and Medium-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) underutilized in forensic sciences. Thus, this work describes the potential of NIRS, MIRS, and other spectroscopic methodologies, for entomological...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - July 22, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Jessica T Jales Taciano M Barbosa Juc élia R de Medeiros Leomir A S de Lima K ássio M G de Lima Renata A Gama Source Type: research

First report of the forensically important fly, Stearibia nigriceps (Diptera: Piophilidae) in South Korea: Confirmation of specimens from human corpses based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcodes
J Forensic Sci. 2021 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14721. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPiophilidae are a relatively small family of Diptera that is frequently associated with cadavers at advanced stages of decomposition and are, therefore, considered potentially useful forensic indicators. However, their use in forensic investigations is typically hampered by a deficiency in reliable identification tools. This is particularly evident in countries such as South Korea, where forensic entomology is still in its infancy and the diversity of forensically relevant insect taxa remains largely undocumented. In the present study,...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - April 26, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Hajin Kim Daniel Mart ín-Vega Sang Eon Shin Ah Rha Wang Seong Hwan Park Source Type: research

Isolation and characterization of human DNA recovered from Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera:Cimicidae)
In this study, genomic DNA was recovered from both male and female bed bugs at every time interval tested (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, and 45  days post blood meal). The total DNA concentrations recovered from male bed bugs ranged from 12.93 to 65.97 ng/µL, while the total DNA concentrations from female bed bugs ranged from 8.93 to 44.53 ng/µL. However, based on the results from the BLAST search and PCR products, human DNA could be d etected from female bed bugs at 0, 3, 5, 14, and 30 days post blood meal using the D18S51 marker. Concentrations of PCR products of the D18S51 locus from male bed bugs ranged from 4.20 to 35....
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - November 6, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

A Preliminary Forensic Entomological Study of Beetles (Coleoptera) in Interior Alaska, USA.
Abstract Forensic entomology uses knowledge of arthropod ecology to help solve crimes. There has been no published forensic entomological research in Alaska. We used one piglet carcass split in half to create two carcass plots in Fairbanks (~64.8°N, subarctic) that were sampled over a period of 59 days in 2019. Four pitfall traps were placed around each carcass, and four similarly arranged pitfall traps were placed 40 m distant as controls. Traps were emptied approximately weekly covering the first four stages of decomposition. We focused on adults of the larger-bodied (>9 mm) families and subfamilies of Co...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 2, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Sampson A, Sikes DS Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

An Evaluation of Differentially Spliced Genes as Markers of Sex for Forensic Entomology*, †, ‡.
Abstract Blow flies (Calliphoridae) are important medically and economically and are commonly used in forensics as temporal markers in death investigations. While phenotypic traits in adult flies can be sexually dimorphic, sex identification in immatures is difficult. Consequently, little is known about how sex may result in developmental disparities among sexes even though there are indications that they may be important in some instances. Since genetic mechanisms for sex are well studied in model flies and species of agricultural and medical importance, we exploit the sex-specifically spliced genes transformer (...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - June 4, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Jonika MM, Hjelmen CE, Faris AM, McGuane AS, Tarone AM Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Differential Ability of Necrophagous Diptera to Colonize Concealed Resources: Empirical Evidence From a Field Experiment in Brazil.
Abstract Field studies in forensic entomology seem to assume that a cadaver is a resource equally accessible to flies, irrespective of the species' size, behavior, and sensorial capacity. We aimed to challenge this assumption by experimentally manipulating baited traps in order to test whether the accessibility to decomposing baits is related to the following: (i) the diversity of necrophagous dipterans; (ii) the body size of adults; and (iii) the female sexual maturity stage. The experiment was performed in a rainforest fragment in Northeastern Brazil, in an area characterized by high levels of homicides. Traps b...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - April 20, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Barbosa TM, Jales JT, Vasconcelos SD, Gama RA Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research