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Condition: Pulmonary Thromboembolism

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Total 243 results found since Jan 2013.

Blood Pressure Meds vs Blood Thinners: What ’ s The Difference?
Conclusion In conclusion, while blood pressure medicines and blood thinners are both crucial to heart health, their roles and mechanisms of action are notably distinct. Blood pressure medication works primarily on the vascular system, aiding in reducing blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels or altering the heart’s function. On the other hand, blood thinners target the blood itself, working to prevent the formation of potentially dangerous blood clots. Throughout this article, one thing becomes undeniably clear: the importance of regular consultations with your healthcare provider. When it comes to managing m...
Source: The EMT Spot - July 20, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Michael Rotman, MD, FRCPC, PhD Tags: Blood Pressure Source Type: blogs

Clinical Examination of Cardiovascular System For Medical Students
Discussion on blood pressure is not included here as a separate topic is dedicated to it. Though the most commonly examined pulse is the radial, to check some of the characteristics, a more proximal pulse like the brachial or carotid needs to be examined. Following parameters of the pulse are routinely documented: 1. The rate: Normal rate in adult is 60-100 per minute. It is higher in children. Younger the child, higher the pulse rate. Rhythm: Regular and irregular rhythms are possible. Mild variation with respiration is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia, with higher rate in inspiration. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia may...
Source: Cardiophile MD - May 30, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

A 30-something woman with intermittent CP, a HEART score of 2 and a Negative CT Coronary Angiogram on the same day
This was sent by a colleague.A 34 yo woman with a history of HTN, h/o SVT s/p ablation 2006, and 5 months post-partum presented with intermittent central chest pain and SOB.  She had one episode of pain the previous night and two additional episodes early on morning the morning she presented.  Deep breaths are painful and symptoms come and go.  She had one BP that was measured at 160/120, uncertain when and what the BP was at other moments.  Home meds were labetalol and nifedipine.  There are T-wave inversions in precordial leads.  The patient is pain free, so it is qu...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - May 10, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Steve Smith Source Type: blogs

Off and on chest pain for 24 hours in a 50s year old man
Submitted by Ali Khan MD and James Mantas MD, MS, written by Pendell MeyersA man in his 50s with history of diabetes, hypertension, and tobacco use presented to the ED with 24 hours of worsening left sided chest pain radiating to the back, characterized as squeezing and pinching, associated with shortness of breath. His pain was initially mild, then became severely worse several hours prior to presentation, but then eased off again and was minimal on arrival. There was no associated diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, arm pain, jaw pain, syncope, lightheadedness or other acute symptoms.Initial vitals: Temp 36.7 C, BP 161/79, RR...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - April 9, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pendell Source Type: blogs

P wave spotting in AF is not forbidden
Fibrillation is a continuous, chaotic muscular activity. In AF, atrial muscle is expected to lose all coordinated contractions with fibrillatory waves replacing P waves. Have you ever spotted a suspicious  P wave in a strip of otherwise explicit AF?  If not, this write-up is not for you. An evolving rare theme in Atrial fibrillation  Have a look at this ECG  Here is an ECG, that was reported as AF, multiple APDs, or Possible AF, Pre AF. I suggested the term AF in transition. While few agreed, many said it is a straightforward SR with APDs, making it appear irregular RR.  But, the fact of ...
Source: Dr.S.Venkatesan MD - March 8, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: dr s venkatesan Tags: Uncategorized cardiology research topics for fellows causes of absent p wabes p vs f waves in af p waves in atrial fibrillation research topics in atrial fibrillation Source Type: blogs

A teenager with chest pain, a troponin below the limit of detection, and " benign early repolarization "
Sent by anonymous, written by Pendell MeyersA male in his teens presented with complaints of chest discomfort and dyspnea beginning while exercising but without obvious injury. He immediately stopped exercising and symptoms started to improve. Later that evening he felt recurrent central chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and vomited. Symptoms have been constant since this second episode, and are still present on arrival, which seems to have been less than 1 to 2 hours from onset of symptoms. No similar symptoms in the past. No prior exertional complaints of chest pain, dizziness, lightheadedness, or undue shortness of...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - January 9, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pendell Source Type: blogs

See OMI vs. STEMI philosophy in action
by Emre AslangerDr. Aslanger is our newest editorial member.  He is an interventional cardiologist in Turkey. Dr. Aslanger is also the author of the DIFFOCULT study:Emre K. Aslanger,a,⁎ Özlem Yıldırımtürk,b Bar ış Şimşek,c Emrah Bozbeyo ğlu,c Mustafa Aytek Şimşek,a Can Y ücel Karabay,b Stephen W. Smith,d and Muzaffer De ğertekina  DIFOCCULT: DIagnostic accuracy oF electrocardiogram for acute coronary OCClUsion resuLTing in myocardial infarction.  International Journal of Cardiology Heart& VasculatureCaseA 40-year-old man presents with...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - December 22, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Emre Aslanger Source Type: blogs

Deep vein thrombosis of upper limbs vs lower limbs
The chance of pulmonary embolism is 6% for upper extremities, while it ranges from 15 – 30% with lower limbs. Recurrence at one year is 2-5% for upper extremities while it is 10% for lower extremities. The incidence of post thrombotic syndrome is much higher for lower extremities than upper extremities.
Source: Cardiophile MD - December 10, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

Airway hemorrhage in Eisenmenger syndrome
In Eisenmenger syndrome airway hemorrhages have to be thought of specially when moving from lower to a higher altitude as during air travel or while ascending a mountain. Hemoptysis has been reported as a cause of death in Eisenmenger syndrome in 11-29% [1]. Defects in hemostatic mechanism due to abnormal platelet function, thrombocytopenia, deficiencies of clotting factor as well as depletion of von Willebrand factor may also contribute to airway hemorrhages in Eisenmenger syndrome [2]. References Jensen AS, Iversen K, Vejlstrup NG, Sondergaard L. Pulmonary artery thrombosis and hemoptysis in Eisenmenger syndrome. ...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 20, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

Pulmonary angiography
Pulmonary angiography can be done by introducing a guidewire initially followed by a modified pigtail catheter like Grollman catheter, under fluoroscopic guidance. Grollman catheter has a gentle rightward curve and an additional right angled leftward curve proximal to the side holes. The tip of the Grollman catheter has a pigtail shape. Schematic diagram of modified pigtail Grollman catheter Non-ionic contrast can be injected into the right and left pulmonary arteries to get corresponding angiograms. The guidewire and catheter are introduced through the femoral vein and directed to the pulmonary artery through the inferio...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 18, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

What is PT-INR monitoring? Cardiology Basics
INR is short for International Normalized Ratio of Prothrombin Time. It is also called PT-INR. The INR monitoring is used to monitor the dosage of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin. Vitamin K antagonists are used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation as well as for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Non vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), also known as direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) like dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban do not need INR monitoring. Warfarin is routinely used when there is a mechanical prosthetic valve, to prevent valve thrombosis and thromboembolism. As of now, DOACs are not i...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 25, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

Rheumatic heart disease – Cardiology Basics
Rheumatic heart disease – Cardiology Basics Rheumatic heart disease is a group diseases which occur secondary to heart valve damage from rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is a disease in which antibodies produced by the body against streptococci cross react with different tissues in the body, especially the heart. Group A beta hemolytic streptococci causing sore throat are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. Most of the long term damage following rheumatic fever is caused by damage to heart valves . Initial manifestation of rheumatic fever is with polyarthritis, usually of the large joints. But it does no...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 22, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

How is pulmonary embolism treated? Cardiology Basics
Pulmonary embolism is obstruction of pulmonary arteries due to emboli migrating from other parts of the body. It is a potentially life threatening condition if a major branch or multiple branches are obstructed. More emboli can travel to the lungs from the original source and hence pulmonary embolism may worsen later even if the initial episode involves only a small portion of the lungs. So, it is important to treat pulmonary embolism even if it is mild. Treatment options will depend on the severity of the situation. Initial treatment will be with parenteral anticoagulants like heparin or low molecular weight heparin. Aft...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 18, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

How does stress cause heart disease? Cardiology Basics
Stress and heart disease have various aspects. Stress can lead to increase in risk factors for cardiovascular disease as well as precipitate symptoms in a hitherto silent cardiovascular disease. There is also a condition known as stress cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome, typically precipitated by an acute stressful event like loss of spouse in an elderly female. Most older persons have build-up of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries. When there is a sudden severe stress, heart rate and blood pressure can shoot up due to sympathetic overactivity. There is also the release of stress hormones like adrenali...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 16, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs

What is the significance of a PFO? Cardiology Basics
PFO is short form for patent foramen ovale. Usually foramen ovale closes soon after birth so that there is no communication between the two atria in most persons. But occasionally, a small opening may persist and then it is called PFO. PFO is a valvular opening through the interatrial septum. When the pressure in the left atrium rises after birth as the lungs become functional and increases pulmonary venous return, it presses on the left side of the foramen ovale and closes it. Even if there is a residual opening, most of the time there is no shunting of blood across the PFO because left atrial pressure is higher than tha...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs