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Total 13136 results found since Jan 2013.

Gene doping: an overview and current implications for athletes.
Abstract The possibility of gene doping, defined as the transfer of nucleic acid sequences and/or the use of normal or genetically modified cells to enhance sport performance, is a real concern in sports medicine. The abuse of knowledge and techniques gained in the area of gene therapy is a form of doping, and is prohibited for competitive athletes. As yet there is no conclusive evidence that that gene doping has been practiced in sport. However, given that gene therapy techniques improve continuously, the likelihood of abuse will increase.A literature search was conducted to identify the most relevant proteins ba...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - January 15, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: van der Gronde T, de Hon O, Haisma HJ, Pieters T Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Exercise in type 2 diabetes: genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations. A review of the evidence.
Abstract The biological responses to exercise training are complex, as almost all organs and systems are involved in interactions that result in a plethora of adaptations at the genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular levels.To provide the general practitioner and the sports medicine professionals with a basic understanding of the genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations at a cellular level that occur with aerobic and resistance exercise in subjects with type 2 diabetes.For each of the three domains (genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular), the results of the major systematic reviews and original research publi...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - May 13, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Zanuso S, Sacchetti M, Sundberg CJ, Orlando G, Benvenuti P, Balducci S Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Growth and pubertal development in adolescent male wrestlers.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that training in adolescent male wrestlers did not significantly change resting sex hormones or alter the onset of puberty as determined by assessment of pubertal stages. The wrestlers had lower body fat and greater energy expenditure per week, there were no significant differences in height, weight, or body mass index. PMID: 28229578 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - February 25, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research

Gene doping: an overview and current implications for athletes
The possibility of gene doping, defined as the transfer of nucleic acid sequences and/or the use of normal or genetically modified cells to enhance sport performance, is a real concern in sports medicine. The abuse of knowledge and techniques gained in the area of gene therapy is a form of doping, and is prohibited for competitive athletes. As yet there is no conclusive evidence that that gene doping has been practiced in sport. However, given that gene therapy techniques improve continuously, the likelihood of abuse will increase. A literature search was conducted to identify the most relevant proteins based on their curr...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - June 25, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: van der Gronde, T., de Hon, O., Haisma, H. J., Pieters, T. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Agreement of capillary-obtained acylated ghrelin, active glp-1, glucagon, insulin and leptin with their venous equivalents.
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the expression of capillary-derived appetite peptides accurately reflects concentrations of their venous equivalents. Fingertip capillary (2×0.3 mL) and venous blood samples (2×4 mL) were collected simultaneously from 19 healthy adult volunteers [mean age 24.1 (SD 5.7) years, body mass 73.7 (SD 10.9) kg;], for determination of acylated ghrelin, GLP-17-36, glucagon, insulin and leptin. Samples were obtained at baseline (t=0 min) and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following consumption of a standardised breakfast. Bland-Altman plots were constructed with ...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - October 29, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Green B, Gonzalez J, Thomas K, Dodd-Reynolds C, Bryans J, Stevenson E, Rumbold P Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

The Effects of Exercise Training on the Traditional Lipid Profile and Beyond.
Abstract The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information regarding the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the traditional blood lipid and lipoprotein profile. In addition, emerging coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, such as postprandial lipemia (PPL) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), are reviewed. Numerous studies report that aerobic exercise combined with weight loss significantly reduces blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) while improving high-density lipoprotein cholest...
Source: Current Sports Medicine Reports - July 1, 2014 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Gordon B, Chen S, Durstine JL Tags: Curr Sports Med Rep Source Type: research

High-intensity interval training (swimming) significantly improves the adverse metabolism and comorbidities in diet-induced obese mice.
CONCLUSIONS: HIIT leads to attenuate the adverse effects caused by a chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet. PMID: 27285355 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - June 12, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research

Effect of exercise training on liver function in adults who are overweight or exhibit fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training reduces intrahepatic fat and FFAs while increasing cardiorespiratory fitness. An aggregate exercise programme energy expenditure (>10 000 kcal) may be required to promote reductions in intrahepatic fat. PMID: 27317790 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - June 16, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Smart NA, King N, McFarlane JR, Graham PL, Dieberg G Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

The impact of rapid weight loss (4%) on leptin, adiponectin, and insulin resistance in elite adult free style wrestlers.
CONCLUSION: Findings of this study shows that rapid weight loss program significantly decreased leptin, L/A ratio and HOMA-IR, without significant changes on adiponectin levels. These changes may have harmful physiological effects on wrestlers' bodies but they can be useful to regulate of fatty acid, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance. PMID: 27377251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - July 6, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research

HOMA-AD: the role of different types of physical exercise in obese adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: The aerobic plus resistance training was more effective than aerobic training alone to improve the HOMA-AD, suggesting clinical application on obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome control in the pediatric population. PMID: 27385541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - July 9, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research

Changes in the heart rate recovery to endurance effort after high intensity interval, strength, and concurrent exercise training in patients with insulin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that HIT induces meaningful cardiovascular adaptations in patient with insulin resistance, reducing heart rate at rest, as well as during and after exercise, and that complementary strength training increases these adaptations. PMID: 27607590 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - September 10, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research

Influence of 12-week Nordic Walking training on biomarkers of endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women.
CONCLUSIONSː Applied training was able to improve functional capacity and body composition in healthy postmenopausal women. It appears to be no direct link between a significant decrease in the level of systolic blood pressure, the level of eNOS activity, TAC, oLAb and plasma TBARS concentration in trained women. It seems probable that Nordic Walking training would be more effective for postmenopausal women with more severely impaired endothelial function. PMID: 27653153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - September 23, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research

Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review.
Abstract AIM: To review and discuss the available international literature regarding the indirect and direct biochemical mechanisms that occur after exercise, which could positively, or negatively, influence oncogenic pathways. METHODS: The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane libraries were searched for papers up to July 2016 addressing biochemical changes after exercise with a particular reference to cancer. The three authors independently assessed their appropriateness for inclusion in this review based on their scientific quality and relevance. RESULTS: 168 papers were selected and categorised into i...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - December 18, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Thomas RJ, Kenfield SA, Jimenez A Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Update on Management of Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Athletes.
Abstract Optimal blood glucose management still remains the biggest challenge in active individuals with diabetes, particularly in insulin users, but some newer strategies have been introduced to maintain blood glucose control. Recent studies emphasize the importance of exercise intensity on glycemic balance. In individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both resistance and high-intensity intermittent exercise have been shown to confer beneficial physiological adaptations in training studies, while also showing acute glycemic benefits from single sessions. At the same time, anyone training at higher intensities ...
Source: Current Sports Medicine Reports - December 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Yardley JE, Colberg SR Tags: Curr Sports Med Rep Source Type: research

Influence of a mini trampoline rebound exercise program on insulin resistance, lipid profile and central obesity in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that mini-trampoline rebound exercise is beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes and can serve as a useful exercise approach in the management of cardiovascular risk in diabetes. PMID: 28249384 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - March 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research