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Reversal learning in those with early psychosis features contingency-dependent changes in loss response and learning
CONCLUSIONS: We show preliminary evidence that those with early psychosis present with a phenotype that includes altered responding to loss and hyper-adaptability in response to outcome changes. This may reflect a compensatory response to overcome the milieu of corticostriatal changes associated with psychotic disorders.PMID:37737715 | DOI:10.1080/13546805.2023.2259019
Source: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry - September 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Andrea Baker Shuichi Suetani Peter Cosgrove Dan Siskind Graham K Murray James G Scott James P Kesby Source Type: research
Quadriceps muscle contraction causes medial patellofemoral ligament elongation by intermeshed fibers of vastus medialis oblique muscle
J Anat. 2023 Sep 22. doi: 10.1111/joa.13954. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe first aim of this study was to compare the medial patellofemoral length between contracted and relaxed quadriceps muscle and second to assess the importance of the intermeshed vastus medialis oblique fibers. After a priori power analysis (α = 0.05, power [1-β] = 0.95), 35 healthy males aged 18-30 were prospectively examined with a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner in 10-15° of knee flexion. Two axial MRI sequences (25 s each) were made with relaxed and contracted quadriceps. Two blinded, independent raters measured twice medial p...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - September 22, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Marcin Mostowy Tomasz Puzio Katarzyna Matera Micha ł Kozieł Jakub Stanek Michalina Bawor Piotr Grzelak Marcin E Dom żalski Source Type: research
What is missing from the sturgeon jaw: Developmental morphology of the upper jaw in Acipenser
J Anat. 2023 Sep 22. doi: 10.1111/joa.13953. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSturgeons belong to the family Acipenseridae, the most species-rich extant family of Acipenseriformes, a basal actinopterygian group of key importance in assessing the early radiations of the actinopterygians. At the same time, acipenseriforms display unique specializations in the morphology of the snout and jaws which make them a valuable model for studying evolutionary novelties. However, despite a long history of research, the homologies of the snout and the mandibular arch of acipenseriforms remain uncertain preventing further studies on the evo...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - September 22, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Alexey Tsessarsky Source Type: research
Detransition Narratives Trouble the Simple Attribution of Madness in Transantagonistic Contexts: A Qualitative Analysis of 16 Canadians' Experiences
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2023 Sep 22. doi: 10.1007/s11013-023-09838-0. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEmerging evidence suggests that transgender individuals are more likely than cisgender peers to receive a diagnosis with a primary mental disorder. Attributions of madness, though, may serve the social function of dismissing and discrediting transgender individual's self-perceptions. The narratives of individuals who stop or reverse an initial gender transition who also identify as living with mental health conditions can sometimes amplify these socio-political discourses about transgender people. Through a critical mental heal...
Source: Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry - September 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wren Ariel Gould Kinnon R MacKinnon June Sing Hong Lam Gabriel Enxuga Alex Abramovich Lori E Ross Source Type: research
RBM25 regulates hypoxic cardiomyocyte apoptosis through CHOP-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress
Cell Stress Chaperones. 2023 Sep 22. doi: 10.1007/s12192-023-01380-7. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIschemic heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality; blocking the apoptotic cascade could help improve adverse outcomes of it. RNA-binding motif protein 25 (RBM25) is an RNA-binding protein related to apoptosis; however, its role remains unknown in ischemic HF. The main purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of RBM25 in ischemic HF. Establishing an ischemic HF model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. ELISA was performed to evaluate the BNP level in the ischemic HF mo...
Source: Cell Stress and Chaperones - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Ziwei Zhu Jie Pu Yongnan Li Jianshu Chen Hong Ding Anyu Zhou XiaoWei Zhang Source Type: research
Rapid increases in BMI waist to height ratio during adolescence and subsequent neurobehavioral deficits
CONCLUSIONS: Rapid increases in BMI or WHtR during adolescence could predict subsequent neurobehavioral deficits, especially for externalizing behaviors. Timely intervention for weight control may be considered to promote adolescent mental health.PMID:37735781 | DOI:10.1002/oby.23881
Source: Obesity - September 22, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: Ting Yu Yining Jiang Jue Fan Xiangrong Guo Hui Hua Dongqing Xu Yuefen Wang Chonghuai Yan Jian Xu Source Type: research
Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2023 Sep 21. doi: 10.1002/ar.25316. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe fissure fill localities of southwest England and South Wales are well-known for preserving rich assemblages of predominantly small-bodied Late Triassic to Early Jurassic tetrapods, but many aspects of these assemblages remain contentious. The age of the Late Triassic fissures is disputed, with some lines of argument suggesting a latest Triassic (Rhaetian) age, whereas other evidence suggests they may be as old as Carnian. The fissures have been hypothesized by some workers to have formed on an archipelago, with island effects invoked ...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 22, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Richard J Butler Luke E Meade Terri J Cleary Kai T McWhirter Emily E Brown Tom S Kemp Juan Benito Nicholas C Fraser Source Type: research
Telehealth as an Effective Care Delivery Method During the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Rhode Island Behavioral Health Population
This study investigated (1) if telehealth allowed for patients who seek mental health services to maintain visit frequency and (2) if subpopulations were less likely to utilize telehealth. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the change in total number of visits, in-person visits from pre-waiver to post-waiver, and a multivariate linear regression to identify relationships between demographics and telehealth utilization. Participants were able to maintain the frequency of visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Race/ethnicity, age, gender, employment status, and housing status were all statistically significant predictor...
Source: Community Mental Health Journal - September 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Demetria Flowers Emily Goodspeed Mackenzie Daly Source Type: research
Epigenetic reprogramming of a distal developmental enhancer cluster drives SOX2 overexpression in breast and lung adenocarcinoma
Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Sep 22:gkad734. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad734. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnhancer reprogramming has been proposed as a key source of transcriptional dysregulation during tumorigenesis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we identify an enhancer cluster required for normal development that is aberrantly activated in breast and lung adenocarcinoma. Deletion of the SRR124-134 cluster disrupts expression of the SOX2 oncogene, dysregulates genome-wide transcription and chromatin accessibility and reduces the ability of cancer cells to form colonies in vitro. Analysis...
Source: Cell Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Luis E Abatti Patricia Lado-Fern ández Linh Huynh Manuel Collado Michael M Hoffman Jennifer A Mitchell Source Type: research
Fructose-induced mTORC1 Activation Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression through Inhibition of Autophagy
In this study, we investigated the functional association between fructose utilization and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Fructose could be taken up and metabolized by PDAC cells and provided an adaptive survival mechanism for PDAC cells under glucose deficient conditions. GLUT5-mediated fructose metabolism maintained the survival, proliferation, and invasion capacities of PDAC cells in vivo and in vitro. Fructose metabolism not only provided ATP and biomass to PDAC cells but also conferred metabolic plasticity to the cells, making them more adaptable to the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, fr...
Source: Cell Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Yanfen Cui Jianfei Tian Zhaosong Wang Hui Guo He Zhang Zhiyong Wang Hui Liu Weijie Song Liming Liu Ruinan Tian Xiaoyan Zuo Sixin Ren Ruifang Niu Fei Zhang Source Type: research
Galectin-3 Cooperates with CD47 to Suppress Phagocytosis and T cell Immunity in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastases
Cancer Res. 2023 Sep 22. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-0783. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe peritoneal cavity is a common site of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) metastasis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is resistant to current therapies and confer poor prognosis, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic targets. CD47 conveys a "don't eat me" signal to myeloid cells upon binding its receptor SIRPα, which helps tumor cells circumvent macrophage phagocytosis and evade innate immune responses. Previous studies demonstrated that the blockade of CD47 alone results in limited clinical benefits, suggesting that other t...
Source: Cell Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Yibo Fan Shumei Song Yuan Li Shilpa S Dhar Jiankang Jin Katsuhiro Yoshimura Xiaodan Yao Ruiping Wang Ailing W Scott Melissa Pool Pizzi JingJing Wu Lang Ma George A Calin Samir Hanash Linghua Wang Michael Curran Jaffer A Ajani Source Type: research
The combination of PAC-1 and entrectinib for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma
This study is an initial demonstration that the combination of PAC-1 and entrectinib may warrant further clinical investigation. Clinical trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov: NCT04589832.PMID:37738028 | DOI:10.1097/CMR.0000000000000927
Source: Cell Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Matthew W Boudreau Emily J Tonogai Claire P Schane Min X Xi James H Fischer Jayanthi Vijayakumar Yan Ji Theodore M Tarasow Timothy M Fan Paul J Hergenrother Arkadiusz Z Dudek Source Type: research
Effect of lactic acid bacteria by different concentrations of copper based on non-target metabolomic analysis
In this study, a strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CICC 23121 (L23121), was selected as a prebiotic indicator strain to indirectly assess the effects of food-limited Cu (II) concentrations (issued by Tolerance limit of copper in foods in 1994) on the functions of intestinal microbes. We used non-target metabolomics, automatic growth curve detector, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the effects of Cu (II) on L23121. The study revealed shows that the 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of Cu (II) for most la...
Source: Cell Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Xinlei Li Shiyue Chen Lili Zhao Xiangpeng Zeng Yanyan Liu Chaochuang Li Qingxiang Yang Source Type: research
Harnessing Dendritic Cells: Next Frontier for Durable Immune Control in Myeloma
Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Sep 22:OF1-OF3. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-2292. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTImmune-based approaches including T-cell redirection have transformed the therapeutic landscape in myeloma. Injection of dendritic cells (DC) led to the induction of immune responses in vaccinated patients with myeloma. These studies pave the way for future combination strategies harnessing DCs to enhance tumor immunity and improve outcomes in myeloma. See related article by Freeman et al., p. 000.PMID:37737650 | DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-2292
Source: Cell Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Madhav V Dhodapkar Source Type: research
MAPK Signaling Pathway Plays Different Regulatory Roles in the Effects of Boric Acid on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Immune Function of Splenic Lymphocytes in Rats
In this study, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38MAPK signaling pathways were blocked using specific blockers to investigate the impact of low-dose and high-dose boron on proliferation, apoptosis, and immune function of lymphocytes, and the expression of genes related to cell proliferation and apoptosis in rats. The addition of 0.4 mmol/L boron did not affect the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells (P>0.05), IgG and IFN-γ contents (P>0.05), the proliferation rate of lymphocytes (P>0.05), and mRNA and protein expressions of PCNA (P>0.05) in the spleen after ERK1/2 signal pathway was selectively inhibited. Moreover, the addition of 40...
Source: Cell Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Shuqin Chen Haoran Fan Yaqiong Pei Kaihuan Zhang Feng Zhang Qianqian Hu Erhui Jin Shenghe Li Source Type: research
