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Total 1297 results found since Jan 2013.

'his walking isn't right doctor': a case of hydrocephalus presenting as an abnormal gait
Conclusions This case illustrates one of the manifold ways in which hydrocephalus can present. These include changes in heart rate and respiratory rate, confusion, cranial nerve palsies, and abnormalities of motor function. When assessing a patient with a spastic gait there are a number of pathologies to be considered. It is important not to forget to consider hydrocephalus as this is a potentially chronic and progressive cause that has a significant mortality but for which there is a definitive surgical management option that can lead to a complete resolution of symptoms.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Baker, J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Cranial nerves, Headache (including migraine), Hydrocephalus, Multiple sclerosis, Pain (neurology), Spinal cord Association of British Neurologists (ABN) joint meeting with the Royal College of Physicians (RCP), London, 2 Source Type: research

Teaching NeuroImages: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome resulting in hydrocephalus
A woman with prior lung transplantation presented with headaches, seizure, and obtundation. Head MRI (figure) revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging in the bilateral thalami and brainstem. Management included antiepileptic medications, ventriculostomy placement, and cessation of tacrolimus for concern of atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Infectious and paraneoplastic etiologies were ruled out. An autoimmune process was unlikely due to immunosuppression. There was rapid clinical improvement with repeat MRI revealing resolution of hydrocephalus and T2 changes....
Source: Neurology - June 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Paolini, S., Jadhav, A. P. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Secondary headache disorders, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

IVth ventricular neurocysticercal cyst: A rare cause of acute hydrocephalus
An 11-year-old boy presented with acute-onset projectile vomiting, bifrontal headache, and altered sensorium. Contrast-enhanced MRI brain was suggestive of intraparenchymal and intraventricular neurocysticercosis, with an intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesion with central scolex in the left cingulate gyrus and a large cyst enlarging the IVth ventricle, with obstructive hydrocephalus (figure).1 Intraventricular cysticerci with acute hydrocephalus are rare.1 In contrast to intraparenchymal cysts, intraventricular cysts are large and typically lack an identifiable scolex.2 Confirmation of cysticerci is based upon identificat...
Source: Neurology - November 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Jauhari, P., Sahu, J. K., Vyas, S., Singhi, P. Tags: Hydrocephalus, MRI, Parasitic infections, All Pediatric, Partial seizures NEUROIMAGES Source Type: research

Finally, open loop control of intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus
In the recent paper by Farahmand et al1 a new fully implantable telemetered intracranial pressure monitoring device (Raumedic AG, Helmbrecht, Germany) is used to study changes in intracranial pressure that occur in various positions and with various valve settings. The patient population studied here included 15 adult patients with ‘communicating hydrocephalus’ who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting using a Strata valve (Medtronic Inc, Goleta, California, USA). With the development of adjustable valves for the treatment of hydrocephalus and effective devices to prevent severely negative intracranial pressu...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - January 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Rekate, H. L. Tags: Headache (including migraine), Hydrocephalus, Pain (neurology) Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of gravitational shunt valves in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a pragmatic, randomised, open label, multicentre trial (SVASONA)
Conclusions Implanting a gravitational rather than another type of valve will avoid one additional overdrainage complication in about every third patient undergoing VP shunting for iNPH.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 8, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Lemcke, J., Meier, U., Muller, C., Fritsch, M. J., Kehler, U., Langer, N., Kiefer, M., Eymann, R., Schuhmann, M. U., Speil, A., Weber, F., Remenez, V., Rohde, V., Ludwig, H.-C., Stengel, D. Tags: Open access, Headache (including migraine), Hydrocephalus, Infection (neurology), Pain (neurology) Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Teaching NeuroImages: Cortical blindness following acute obstructive hydrocephalus by a colloid cyst
A 46-year-old woman was admitted for acute headache, postseizure confusion, and visual loss. Urgent head CT scan showed obstructive hydrocephalus due to a colloid cyst (figure 1). External ventricular drains inserted emergently demonstrated CSF under pressure, above 40 mm H2O. MRI confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a colloid cyst and highlighted bilateral occipital lobe infarcts (figure 2). CT angiography showed no thrombosis of the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). After neurosurgical excision of the colloid cyst, the patient remained blind. The presumed mechanism of infarction was acute compression of the PCAs agains...
Source: Neurology - February 9, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Champeaux, C., Grivas, A. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Stroke in young adults, MRI, Clinical neurology examination, Visual loss RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Mystery Case: Acute hydrocephalus caused by radiographically occult fourth ventricular outlet obstruction
A 19-year-old woman with no history of CNS inflammatory pathology or hemorrhage presented with 5 days of diplopia and headache. Examination revealed papilledema and bilateral sixth nerve palsies. Imaging demonstrated panventricular enlargement and marked 4th ventricular dilation (figure 1). Cine MRI revealed turbulent fourth ventricle CSF flow suggesting outflow obstruction, which was confirmed with contrast ventriculography. A suboccipital craniotomy was then performed, which revealed an arachnoid web (figure 2). Membranous occlusion of the fourth ventricular outlet is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus usually ass...
Source: Neurology - January 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Duran, D., Hadzipasic, M., Kahle, K. T. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Cerebrospinal Fluid RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Unusual Post-COVID-19 Presentation With Tetraventricular Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Discussion Fourth ventricular outlet obstruction is a rare cause of tetraventricular HCP. In most cases, it is associated with a history of inflammatory conditions or hemorrhage. In our case, a history of recent COVID-19 infection and normal imaging before COVID-19 make COVID-19 the most probable explanation for HCP. We suggest considering COVID-19 infection in the differential diagnosis of HCP of unclear etiology.
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - June 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Saini, C., Zaid, G. K., Gachechiladze, L., Krishnan, R. Tags: Hydrocephalus, MRI, Post-infectious, Clinical neurology history, COVID-19 Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Automated detection of squint as a sensitive assay of sex-dependent calcitonin gene–related peptide and amylin-induced pain in mice
We developed an automated squint assay using both black C57BL/6J and white CD1 mice to measure the interpalpebral fissure area between the upper and lower eyelids as an objective quantification of pain. The automated software detected a squint response to the commonly used nociceptive stimulus formalin in C57BL/6J mice. After this validation, we used the automated assay to detect a dose-dependent squint response to a migraine trigger, the neuropeptide calcitonin gene–related peptide, including a response in female mice at a dose below detection by the manual grimace scale. Finally, we found that the calcitonin gene–rel...
Source: Pain - July 30, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

A 4-year-old girl with malaise, squint and restricted neck movement
Case history A 4-year-old girl presented with lethargy and anorexia, increasing in severity over the last few days. The child had been complaining of generalised joint pains and felt unable to move her neck. Also she complained of episodes of blurred vision, headaches and her mother reported a new onset squint. On further questioning, her mother said she had a circular rash on her forehead about 6 weeks previously, which had self-resolved. On examination, all observations were stable. She was irritable with restricted neck movement, neck stiffness and photosensitivity. Her pupils were equal and reactive but there was ...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Wyatt, C., Tighe, M. Tags: Eye Diseases, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Meningitis, Headache (including migraine), Infection (neurology), Pain (neurology), Ophthalmology, Child and adolescent psychiatry (paedatrics), Eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, Source Type: research

Reappraisal of Radionuclide Cisternography in the diagnosis of chronic hydrocephalus – a single institution report
We present our retrospective clinical experience with a series of patients with signs and symptoms of chronic hydrocephalus that were investigated by radionuclide cisternography (RC) and discuss the method's possible contemporary role. During the past five years, RC was used during the investigation of 12 possible hydrocephalus patients (5 male, 7 female, ages 26 to 77years, mean 59.5, std 18.19). The patients' symptoms ranged from headache to gait disturbance, dementia and urine incontinence. Patients were investigated with CT and MRI scans and had a RC examination using In-111-DTPA. According to the RC results the patien...
Source: Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery - June 16, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Developmental venous anomaly as a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus: literature review and a case report.
CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that DVAs are asymptomatic, they may rarely cause obstructive hydrocephalus because of impairment in the CSF flow. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus. ETV has been demonstrated as an effective treatment option in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus due to a DVA. PMID: 26439454 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences - November 20, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: J Neurosurg Sci Source Type: research

Hydrocephalus: historical analysis and considerations for treatment
AbstractHydrocephalus is a serious condition that affects patients of all ages, resulting from a multitude of causes. While the etiologies of hydrocephalus are numerous, many of the acute and chronic symptoms of the condition are shared. These symptoms include disorientation and pain (headaches), cognitive and developmental changes, vision and sleep disturbances, and gait abnormalities. This collective group of symptoms combined with the effectiveness of CSF diversion as a surgical intervention for many types of the condition suggest that the various etiologies may share common cellular and molecular dysfunctions. The inci...
Source: European Journal of Medical Research - September 1, 2022 Category: Research Source Type: research

Upfront Radiosurgery for Treatment of Symptomatic Obstructive Hydrocephalus due to Brain Tumors
Conclusion Radiosurgery is a non-invasive alternative treatment for primary and secondary brain tumors that debut with obstructive hydrocephalus, tumors expected to have a high alpha/beta ratio might be suitable to attempt radiosurgery to avoid permanently implanted devices such as VP shunts or other invasive procedures such as a third ventriculostomy. The present study demonstrated that in selected cases SRS can lead to hydrocephalus symptom resolution along with a decrease in ventricular size in a relatively short time frame. Little evidence exists regarding the effect of SRS on symptomatic hydrocephalus resolution and f...
Source: Cancer Control - October 19, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alejandra Moreira Alejandra Rodezno David Santos Adriana Telles Juliana Ramirez Eduardo E Lovo Source Type: research

Transient Obstructive Hydrocephalus due to Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with IVH, acute obstructive hydrocephalus can develop at any time after the ictus. Though a delayed presentation of acute but transient obstructive hydrocephalus is unusual, it is important to be aware of this scenario and ensure that deterioration secondary to thrombus migration and subsequent obstructive hydrocephalus do not occur. PMID: 23894243 [PubMed]
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurology - December 2, 2014 Category: Neurology Tags: J Clin Neurol Source Type: research