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Total 1575 results found since Jan 2013.

Alzheimer CSF biomarkers may be misleading in normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Conclusions: In the setting of hydrocephalus when the brain is compressed, a decrease in interstitial space and APP protein fragment drainage into the CSF may be impeded, resulting in low levels of all APP fragments and tau proteins, which has been reported. Shunting, which decompresses the brain, would create more room for the interstitial space to increase and protein waste fragments to drain into the CSF. In fact, CSF proteins increase after shunting. CSF biomarkers in pre-shunt NPH have low Aβ42 and tau protein levels, providing misleading information to distinguish NPH from comorbid NPH plus AD.
Source: Neurology - October 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Graff-Radford, N. R. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Cerebrospinal Fluid MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS Source Type: research

Teaching NeuroImages: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome resulting in hydrocephalus
A woman with prior lung transplantation presented with headaches, seizure, and obtundation. Head MRI (figure) revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging in the bilateral thalami and brainstem. Management included antiepileptic medications, ventriculostomy placement, and cessation of tacrolimus for concern of atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Infectious and paraneoplastic etiologies were ruled out. An autoimmune process was unlikely due to immunosuppression. There was rapid clinical improvement with repeat MRI revealing resolution of hydrocephalus and T2 changes....
Source: Neurology - June 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Paolini, S., Jadhav, A. P. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Secondary headache disorders, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Comment: The trouble with "n" in normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a reversible syndrome of gait impairment, dementia, and incontinence that affects persons over 65 years of age.1 Currently, the only effective treatment is surgical implantation of a shunt2; however, the need for pharmacologic adjunctive treatments was noted at the 2005 NIH workshop on hydrocephalus.3
Source: Neurology - April 14, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Williams, M. A. Tags: Hydrocephalus ARTICLE Source Type: research

IVth ventricular neurocysticercal cyst: A rare cause of acute hydrocephalus
An 11-year-old boy presented with acute-onset projectile vomiting, bifrontal headache, and altered sensorium. Contrast-enhanced MRI brain was suggestive of intraparenchymal and intraventricular neurocysticercosis, with an intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesion with central scolex in the left cingulate gyrus and a large cyst enlarging the IVth ventricle, with obstructive hydrocephalus (figure).1 Intraventricular cysticerci with acute hydrocephalus are rare.1 In contrast to intraparenchymal cysts, intraventricular cysts are large and typically lack an identifiable scolex.2 Confirmation of cysticerci is based upon identificat...
Source: Neurology - November 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Jauhari, P., Sahu, J. K., Vyas, S., Singhi, P. Tags: Hydrocephalus, MRI, Parasitic infections, All Pediatric, Partial seizures NEUROIMAGES Source Type: research

Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: Pathophysiology and diagnosis by CSF biomarkers
Conclusions: We interpret our data as iNPH pathophysiology to be characterized by a reduced periventricular metabolism and axonal degeneration but no major cortical damage.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jeppsson, A., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Wikkelso, C. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Gait disorders/ataxia, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Cognitive neuropsychology in dementia ARTICLE Source Type: research

Hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage: the role of thrombin
amp; Guohua Xi
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow - December 11, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Feng GaoFuyi LiuZhi ChenYa HuaRichard F KeepGuohua Xi Tags: blood–brain barrier hydrocephalus protease-activated receptor-1 thrombin Source Type: research

Role of red blood cell lysis and iron in hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage
amp; Guohua Xi
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow - March 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Chao GaoHanjian DuYa HuaRichard F KeepJennifer StrahleGuohua Xi Tags: deferoxamine hydrocephalus intracerebral hemorrhage iron red blood cell Source Type: research

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: cerebral perfusion measured with pCASL before and repeatedly after CSF removal
na-Marie Larsson
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow - August 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Johan VirhammarKatarina LaurellAndré AhlgrenKristina Giuliana CesariniElna-Marie Larsson Tags: arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow cerebral perfusion normal pressure hydrocephalus pCASL volumetry Source Type: research

Teaching NeuroImages: Cortical blindness following acute obstructive hydrocephalus by a colloid cyst
A 46-year-old woman was admitted for acute headache, postseizure confusion, and visual loss. Urgent head CT scan showed obstructive hydrocephalus due to a colloid cyst (figure 1). External ventricular drains inserted emergently demonstrated CSF under pressure, above 40 mm H2O. MRI confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a colloid cyst and highlighted bilateral occipital lobe infarcts (figure 2). CT angiography showed no thrombosis of the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). After neurosurgical excision of the colloid cyst, the patient remained blind. The presumed mechanism of infarction was acute compression of the PCAs agains...
Source: Neurology - February 9, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Champeaux, C., Grivas, A. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Stroke in young adults, MRI, Clinical neurology examination, Visual loss RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Choroid plexus hyperplasia: A possible cause of hydrocephalus in adults
Choroid plexus (CP) hyperplasia (CPH) is extremely rare and characterized by an enlarged but morphologically normal CP. This condition is often associated with hydrocephalus. CPH has been reported primarily in children, with the oldest patient diagnosed at age 11 years.1,2
Source: Neurology - November 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Cox, J. T., Gaglani, S. M., Jusue-Torres, I., Elder, B. D., Goodwin, C. R., Haynes, M. R., Blitz, A. M., Rigamonti, D. Tags: Hydrocephalus, MCI (mild cognitive impairment) CLINICAL/SCIENTIFIC NOTES Source Type: research

Mystery Case: Acute hydrocephalus caused by radiographically occult fourth ventricular outlet obstruction
A 19-year-old woman with no history of CNS inflammatory pathology or hemorrhage presented with 5 days of diplopia and headache. Examination revealed papilledema and bilateral sixth nerve palsies. Imaging demonstrated panventricular enlargement and marked 4th ventricular dilation (figure 1). Cine MRI revealed turbulent fourth ventricle CSF flow suggesting outflow obstruction, which was confirmed with contrast ventriculography. A suboccipital craniotomy was then performed, which revealed an arachnoid web (figure 2). Membranous occlusion of the fourth ventricular outlet is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus usually ass...
Source: Neurology - January 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Duran, D., Hadzipasic, M., Kahle, K. T. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Cerebrospinal Fluid RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Pearls & Oy-sters: Low-pressure hydrocephalus and inadequate shunting
Disabling acute or subacute hydrocephalus can occur at low intraventricular pressures (<5–8 cm H2O).
Source: Neurology - April 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Michael, A. P., Elkouzi, A., Elble, R. J. Tags: Low pressure syndrome, Hydrocephalus RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Protocolizing the Workup for Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Improves Outcomes
Conclusions Implementing an INPH Protocol leads to standardized and more extensive assessment and better patient selection for and subsequent outcomes from shunting, specifically regarding gait.
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - August 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Acosta, L. M. Y., Stubblefield, K., Conwell, T., Espaillat, K., Koons, H., Konrad, P., Fang, J., Kirshner, H., Davis, T. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Diagnostic test assessment, All Clinical Neurology, Gait disorders/ataxia, Assessment of cognitive disorders/dementia Research Source Type: research

Unusual Post-COVID-19 Presentation With Tetraventricular Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Discussion Fourth ventricular outlet obstruction is a rare cause of tetraventricular HCP. In most cases, it is associated with a history of inflammatory conditions or hemorrhage. In our case, a history of recent COVID-19 infection and normal imaging before COVID-19 make COVID-19 the most probable explanation for HCP. We suggest considering COVID-19 infection in the differential diagnosis of HCP of unclear etiology.
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - June 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Saini, C., Zaid, G. K., Gachechiladze, L., Krishnan, R. Tags: Hydrocephalus, MRI, Post-infectious, Clinical neurology history, COVID-19 Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Dendritic and Synaptic Degeneration in Pyramidal Neurons of the Sensorimotor Cortex in Neonatal Mice With Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalus
This study evaluated the effect of hydrocephalus on dendritic arborization and synaptic structure of the pyramidal neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of neonatal hydrocephalic mice. Sterile kaolin suspension (0.01 ml of 250 mg/mL) was injected intracisternally into day old mice. Control animals mice received sham injections. Pups were weighed and sacrificed on postnatal days (PND) 7, 14 and 21. Fixed brain tissue blocks were silver impregnated using a modified Golgi staining technique and immunolabeled with synaptophysin to determine dendritic morphology and synaptic integrity respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA a...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research