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A Paradigm-Based Evolution of Chemical Engineering
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2016 Source:Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Author(s): Alexandru Woinaroschy A short presentation of chemical engineering evolution, as guided by its paradigms, is exposed. The first paradigm -unit operations- has emerged as a necessity of systematization due to the explosion of chemical industrial applications at the end of 19th century. The birth in the late 1950s of the second paradigm -transport phenomena- was the consequence of the need for a deep, scientific knowledge of the phenomena that explain what happens inside of unit operations. In the second part of 20...
Source: Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering - February 4, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Changes in the Chemical Quality of Bone Grafts During Clinical Preparation Detected by Raman Spectroscopy.
DISCUSSION: Our data indicate that significant changes of the chemical quality and mineral to matrix ratio occur during freeze-thawing and chemical cleaning. At the same time, this study highlights the importance of sampling and testing at multiple locations for reliable predictions of the chemical composition. We think that it is very desirable to test the quality of bone graft material before transfer to a recipient; this might ultimately help define parameters to choose the best graft for the patient. It is also important to highlight that this is a preliminary study, which shows the importance of detecting changes in t...
Source: Biopreservation and Biobanking - March 31, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biopreserv Biobank Source Type: research

Approximate method for stochastic chemical kinetics with two-time scales by chemical Langevin equations
The frequently used reduction technique is based on the chemical master equation for stochastic chemical kinetics with two-time scales, which yields the modified stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA). For the chemical reaction processes involving a large number of molecular species and reactions, the collection of slow reactions may still include a large number of molecular species and reactions. Consequently, the SSA is still computationally expensive. Because the chemical Langevin equations (CLEs) can effectively work for a large number of molecular species and reactions, this paper develops a reduction method based on t...
Source: Journal of Chemical Physics - May 6, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Fuke Wu, Tianhai Tian, James B. Rawlings and George Yin Source Type: research

Mass & energy balances coupling in chemical reactors for a better understanding of thermal safety
Publication date: Available online 18 June 2016 Source:Education for Chemical Engineers Author(s): Sébastien Leveneur, Lamiae Vernieres-Hassimi, Tapio Salmi Process safety is an important topic in the curriculum vitae of a chemical engineer. It can be a difficult course for the students and professors, because it is a frontier course between chemical engineering and safety. How to introduce this course? We think that this course should be introduced during the chemical reaction engineering, and more particularly during the mass and energy balances lectures. Thus, the students can more easily understand the concept of...
Source: Education for Chemical Engineers - June 19, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Mass & amp; energy balances coupling in chemical reactors for a better understanding of thermal safety
Publication date: July 2016 Source:Education for Chemical Engineers, Volume 16 Author(s): Sébastien Leveneur, Lamiae Vernieres-Hassimi, Tapio Salmi Process safety is an important topic in the curriculum vitae of a chemical engineer. It can be a difficult course for the students and professors, because it is a frontier course between chemical engineering and safety. How to introduce this course? We think that this course should be introduced during the chemical reaction engineering, and more particularly during the mass and energy balances lectures. Thus, the students can more easily understand the concept of isoperib...
Source: Education for Chemical Engineers - July 19, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Using the Perceptions of Chemical Engineering Students and Graduates to Develop Employability Skills
Publication date: Available online 25 July 2016 Source:Education for Chemical Engineers Author(s): Ashleigh J. Fletcher, Abdul Wadood A. Sharif, Mark D. Haw Recent years have seen increased global industry sector demand for chemical engineers, subsequent growth of Chemical Engineering (CE) degrees, producing additional qualified graduates. The Confederation of Business Industry have regularly indicated that employers are dissatisfied with skills sets offered by graduates; a 2004 World Chemical Engineering Council (WCEC) survey of experienced and newly employed chemical engineers’ perceptions of their own work skills...
Source: Education for Chemical Engineers - July 25, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Micro-mixing in chemical reactors: A perspective
This article reviews the progress in micro-mixing study in chemical reactors to date. A few important topics related to the nature, experimental evaluation, and numerical simulation of micro-mixing are addressed. Some suggestions are given hopefully to motivate more chemical engineers to devote their efforts to better understanding of micro-mixing in chemical reactors.
Source: Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering - October 12, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

In silico approaches and chemical space of anti ‐P‐type ATPase compounds for discovering new antituberculous drugs
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. In this review, we provide an overview on the different models implemented toward the rational design of new anti‐TB drugs, encompassing the biological and structural features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis P‐type ATPases as possible therapeutic targets. In addition, the chemical space distribution based on the structure and molecular properties of compounds with anti‐TB and anti‐P‐type ATPase activity was assessed and compared to a natural products library. We consider that this library could assist researchers to identify novel chemical scaffolds with...
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - December 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Paola Santos, Fabian L ópez‐Vallejo, Carlos‐Y. Soto Tags: Review Source Type: research

Baseline survey of academic chemical safety information practices
This article summarizes the results from this initial survey and identifies opportunities for improving support services from Environmental Health and Safety staff and Chemical Information specialists for conducting laboratory risk assessments.
Source: Journal of Chemical Health and Safety - November 11, 2017 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Programming skills in the industry 4.0: are chemical engineering students able to face new problems?
Publication date: Available online 1 February 2018 Source:Education for Chemical Engineers Author(s): Moisés Teles dos Santos, Ardson S. Vianna, Galo A.C. Le Roux A reflection on teaching programming at undergraduate level using advanced tools is presented. Advanced digital tools and computational evolution have shaped different areas, such as industrial process, communications, education and innovation. New technologies, such as the Internet of Things-IoT, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, have boosted software development and computational skills in different areas. The chemical engineering knowledge acquire...
Source: Education for Chemical Engineers - February 2, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Chemical Ligation Reactions of Oligonucleotides for Biological and Medicinal Applications.
Abstract Chemical ligation of oligonucleotides (ONs) is the key reaction for various ON-based technologies. We have tried to solve the problems of RNA interference (RNAi) technology by applying ON chemical ligation to RNAi. We designed a new RNAi system, called intracellular buildup RNAi (IBR-RNAi), where the RNA fragments are built up into active small-interference RNA (siRNA) in cells through a chemical ligation reaction. Using the phosphorothioate and iodoacetyl groups as reactive functional groups for the ligation, we achieved RNAi effects without inducing immune responses. Additionally, we developed a new che...
Source: Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - February 3, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Abe H, Kimura Y Tags: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) Source Type: research

Fractional and step-wise recovery of chemical species from acid mine drainage using calcined cryptocrystalline magnesite nano-sheets: An experimental and geochemical modelling approach
In this study, a process of fractional and step-wise recovery of metals from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using calcined cryptocrystalline magnesite was explored. pH Redox Equilibrium (in C language) (PHREEQC) was used to complement the experimental studies. Half a liter (1/2 L) of coal mine drainage was used for chemical species recovery. The metal recovery process was done using an overhead stirrer in a step-wise fashion. Chemical species were recovered via a sequential and fractional precipitation of chemical components at varying pH gradients. Both experimental and modelling results revealed that chemical species were re...
Source: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering - March 16, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Baseline survey of academic chemical safety information practices
This article summarizes the results from this initial survey and identifies opportunities for improving support services from Environmental Health and Safety staff and Chemical Information specialists for conducting laboratory risk assessments.
Source: Journal of Chemical Health and Safety - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Insight into highly efficient removal of sulfonic acid pollutants by a series of newly-synthesized resins from aqueous media: Physical & chemical adsorption
In this study, the adsorption behaviors of a series of systematically designed resins with different physical textures and chemical characteristics were investigated towards sulfonic acid dyes and the adsorption mechanism involving physical and chemical adsorption was elaborately explored. The newly synthesized resins include the hyper-crosslinked resin series which possesses the largest physical adsorption capacity, aminated resin series which has the largest uploading of amino groups and aminated crosslinked resin series which was functionalized with amino groups after the optimization of physical structure. The aminated...
Source: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers - August 25, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research