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Total 178978 results found since Jan 2013.

Long-term biodegradation of crude oil in high-arctic backshore sediments: The Baffin Island oil spill (BIOS) after nearly four decades
In this study two BIOS sites were re-visited, offering the unique opportunity to study the long-term weathering of crude oil under Arctic conditions. Here we show that residual oil remains present at these sites even after almost four decades since the original oiling. Oil at both BIOS sites appears to have attenuated very slowly with estimated loss rates of 1.8-2.7% per year. The presence of residual oil continues to significantly affect sediment microbial communities at the sites as manifested by a significantly decreased diversity, differences in the abundance of microorganisms and an enrichment of putative oil-degradin...
Source: Environmental Research - June 16, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Lars Schreiber Blake Hunnie Ianina Altshuler Esteban G óngora Madison Ellis Christine Maynard Julien Tremblay Jessica Wasserscheid Nathalie Fortin Kenneth Lee Gary Stern Charles W Greer Source Type: research

Towards Repair of the Leaking Blood-Brain Barrier
Researchers here report on an effort to find small molecule drugs that can favorably adjust cell metabolism in the blood-brain barrier, in order to prevent some fraction of the dysfunction and leakage that occurs with age. The blood-brain barrier is a specialized layer of cells that controls the traffic of molecules between the bloodstream and brain tissue. With advancing age, it becomes less effective, allowing unwanted molecules and cells to leak into the brain to provoke chronic inflammation and other issues. Maintaining effectiveness of the blood-brain barrier could push back the onset of neurodegenerative conditions. ...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 28, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs

Oxygen supplementation in noninvasive home mechanical ventilation: the crucial roles of CO2 exhalation systems and leakages.
CONCLUSIONS:: The use of leak port circuits and the occurrence of leakages around the interface significantly reduce FiO2-mask and negatively impact on gas exchange in patients receiving home mechanical NPPV and supplemental oxygen. REGISTERED AT:: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS); www.drks.de REGISTRATION NUMBER:: DRKS00000449. PMID: 23801785 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Respiratory Care - June 25, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Storre JH, Huttmann SE, Ekkernkamp E, Walterspacher S, Schmoor C, Dreher M, Windisch W Tags: Respir Care Source Type: research

Oil exploitation and its socioeconomic effects on the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Abstract The oil exploration and exploitation industry which is majorly centred in the Niger Delta region is without doubt currently the most important earner of foreign exchange to the Nigerian economy. The Niger Delta is home to an extraordinary variety of people; mostly fishers and farmers with a history of rich cultural heritage. However, the region is suffering from devastating oil pollution. Although the effects of oil spill depend on factors such as size or area of spill and geographical location, the socioeconomic and environmental costs of oil production can be extensive; these range from destruction of w...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - May 17, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Elum ZA, Mopipi K, Henri-Ukoha A Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Toxic effects of chemical dispersant Corexit 9500 on water flea Daphnia magna
In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of Corexit 9500 using D. magna. The acute toxicity test was conducted according to OECD TG202 and the 48 h EC50 was 1.31 ppm (CIs 0.99–1.64 ppm). The reproductive chronic toxicity test was performed following OECD TG211 ANNEX 7 and 21 days LOEC and NOEC values were 4.0 and 2.0 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that Corexit 9500 has toxic effects on daphnids, particularly during the neonatal developmental stage, which is consistent with marine zooplankton results, whereas juvenile hormone‐like activity was not ...
Source: Journal of Applied Toxicology - May 24, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kenji Toyota, Nicole A. McNabb, Demetri D. Spyropoulos, Taisen Iguchi, Satomi Kohno Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Guy Donated His Hipster Beard To Help Soak Up Future Oil Spills
Shaving a longtime beard can be a total buzzkill. But when it came time for Scott Boback to get rid of the facial hair that took 20 months to grow, he made the most of it by donating it to a good cause. Boback, an associate professor of biology at Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA, donated his 9-inch beard (from the chin down) to Matter of Trust, an environmental organization that, among a number of green initiatives, uses hair to help soak up oil after major spills. Since 1999, the organization has collected hair clippings from salons and dog groomers through its Clean Wave program to make low-tech, tube-like devices ca...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - June 1, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

The Amount of Fluid Given During Surgery That Leaks Into the Interstitium Correlates With Infused Fluid Volume and Varies Widely Between Patients.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that the increase in intravascular fluid volume caused by intravenous fluid administration was not correlated strongly with the volume of infused fluid. Instead, the amount of fluid leakage into the interstitial space depended on the infused fluid volume. This clinical result supports the revised Starling law, which suggests that intravascular fluid may often leak into the interstitium. More work is needed to better understand the factors governing leakage of infused fluid into the interstitial space. PMID: 27529319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - August 11, 2016 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Nishimura A, Tabuchi Y, Kikuchi M, Masuda R, Goto K, Iijima T Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: research

Effect of Macondo Prospect 252 Oil on Microbiota Associated with Pelagic Sargassum in the Northern Gulf of Mexico.
Abstract The environmental impact of major oil spills on marine microorganisms has yet to be thoroughly investigated using molecular biology techniques. The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) drilling rig explosion of 2010 affected an approximately 176,000 km(2) surface area of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) when an estimated 210 million gallons of oil from the Macondo Prospect spilled into the environment. Pelagic Sargassum, a complex of two surface drifting species (Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans) of marine brown macroalgae and a critically important habitat in the GOM ecosystem, was suffused by Macondo Prospect 252 oi...
Source: Microbial Ecology - November 3, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Torralba MG, Franks JS, Gomez A, Yooseph S, Nelson KE, Grimes DJ Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: research

Identification of Spilled Oil from the MV Marathassa (Vancouver, Canada 2015) Using Alkyl PAH Isomer Ratios.
Abstract On the morning of April 9, 2015, citizens in Vancouver (British Columbia, Canada) awoke to the sight and smell of oil on the shores of popular downtown beaches. Because the oil also had spread over the shallow seawater intakes for the Vancouver Aquarium, a preliminary screening of samples was performed as a prompt, first response to assess the risks to the Aquarium collection and guide the emergency operational response. A subsequent, more detailed examination for the presence of spilled oil in sediment, biota and water samples from the Vancouver Harbour region was then conducted based on the analysis of ...
Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - July 10, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Morales-Caselles C, Yunker MB, Ross PS Tags: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol Source Type: research

Chlorinated paraffins leaking from hand blenders can lead to significant human exposures.
CONCLUSIONS: Usage of 75% of the hand blenders tested will lead to increased human exposure to CPs. The intake of CPs for Swedish adults by using hand blenders once a day can raise their daily dietary intake by a factor of up to 26. The 95th percentile intake of CPs via using the hand blenders once a day exceeded the TDI for Swedish infants with a body weight <7.2kg. CP leakage came from blender components which contain CPs. The leakage may last several hundred times of hand blender use. PMID: 28941391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Environment International - September 20, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Yuan B, Strid A, Darnerud PO, de Wit CA, Nyström J, Bergman Å Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Potential impacts of offshore oil spills on polar bears in the Chukchi Sea.
In this study we simulated oil spills that released 25,000 barrels of oil for 30 days in autumn originating from two sites in the Chukchi Sea (one in Russia and one in the U.S.) and tracked the distribution of oil for 76 days. We then determined the potential impact such a spill might have on polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and their habitat by overlapping spills with maps of polar bear habitat and movement trajectories. Only a small proportion (1-10%) of high-value polar bear sea ice habitat was directly affected by oil sufficient to impact bears. However, 27-38% of polar bears in the region were potentially exposed to oil....
Source: Environmental Pollution - January 12, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Wilson RR, Perham C, French-McCay DP, Balouskus R Tags: Environ Pollut Source Type: research

Oil mixing behavior after an oil spill: identification conflicts of different fingerprints.
Abstract Clearing up whether spilled oil is mixed or not can strengthen the accuracy of oil spill identification. In the present study, the biomarkers in spilled oil samples were detected. The weathering modes of different types of diagnostic ratio and carbon isotope values of individual n-alkanes were also analyzed. The results showed that the diagnostic ratios of steroids, terpenes and aromatics, and weathering characteristics of carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of individual n-alkanes supported the idea that Dalian oil spill emerged from a single oil source. Furthermore, commonly used diagnostic ratios of n-a...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - January 22, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: He S, Yu H, Luo Y, Wang C, Li X, Li Z Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 18, Pages 2237: Mapping Oil Spills from Dual-Polarized SAR Images Using an Artificial Neural Network: Application to Oil Spill in the Kerch Strait in November 2007
In this study we developed an algorithm to effectively analyze large-scale oil spill areas in SAR images by focusing on optimizing the input layer to artificial neural network (ANN) through removal the factor of lowering the accuracy. An ANN algorithm was used to generate probability maps of oil spills. Highly accurate pixel-based data processing was conducted through false or un-detection element reduction by normalizing the image or applying a non-local (NL) means filter and median filter to the input neurons for ANN. In addition, the standard deviation of co-polarized phase difference (CPD) was used to reduce false dete...
Source: Sensors - July 11, 2018 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Daeseong Kim Hyung-Sup Jung Tags: Article Source Type: research

Remediation of crude oil spill sites in Nigeria: Problems, technologies, and future prospects
This study reviewed the different remediation technologies for polluted water, soil, and sediment media that are appropriate for the local Nigerian environmental conditions. The charac teristics of the Nigerian crude oil have been discussed, and the basic factors to be considered in cleaning crude oil contamination were explored. Both full-scale and pilot-scale case studies were reviewed. Biostimulation was identified to have a high potential for cleaning polluted sediments in the Niger Delta, while ex- situ trenching and treatment are recommended for groundwater treatment and bioremediation is recommended for contaminated...
Source: Environmental Quality Management - August 16, 2021 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Mujaheed M. Nuhu, Eldon R. Rene, Aliyu Ishaq Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research