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IJERPH, Vol. 19, Pages 3548: A Simple Method to Quantify Outward Leakage of Medical Face Masks and Barrier Face Coverings: Implication for the Overall Filtration Efficiency
This study reports an original method to quantify outward leakage and how wearing style impacts on leaks and filtration efficiency. The amount of air leakage was evaluated on four medical masks and four barrier face coverings, exploiting a theoretical model and an instrumented dummy head in a range of airflows between 30 and 160 L/min. The fraction of air leaking at the face seal of the medical masks and barrier face coverings ranged from 43% to 95% of exhaled air at 30 L/min and reduced to 10–85% at 160 L/min. Filter breathability was the main driver affecting both leak fraction and total filtration efficien...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - March 16, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Chiera Cristoforetti Benedetti Nollo Borro Mazzei Tessarolo Tags: Article Source Type: research

Electrospinning fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles-embedded polycaprolactone (PCL) sorbent with enhanced sorption capacity and recovery speed for spilled oil removal
In this study, we devised a new method for the preparation of a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) embedded polycaprolactone (PCL) sorbent with oleophilic and environmentally friendly features, capable of bring easily collected under a magnetic field. Compared with conventional polypropylene sorbents, the MNP embedded PCL sorbent (MNP/PCL) displayed excellent Arabian light (AL) crude oil sorption capacity (45.7 g g-1) and decreased the absorption time of the oil-soaked sorbent due to its electrospun structure and efficient distribution of hydrophobic MNPs. Furthermore, the MNP/PCL based sorbent became fully pyrolyzed under certai...
Source: Chemosphere - June 6, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Junhyeok Eom Youngwoo Kwak Changwoo Nam Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 19, Pages 12315: Marine Oil Spill Detection from SAR Images Based on Attention U-Net Model Using Polarimetric and Wind Speed Information
ang With the rapid development of marine trade, marine oil pollution is becoming increasingly severe, which can exert damage to the health of the marine environment. Therefore, detection of marine oil spills is important for effectively starting the oil-spill cleaning process and the protection of the marine environment. The polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) technique has been applied to the detection of marine oil spills in recent years. However, most current studies still focus on using the simple intensity or amplitude information of SAR data and the detection results are not reliable enough. This paper...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - September 28, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Yan Chen Zhilong Wang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Assessment of a novel biliary-specific near-infrared fluorescent dye (BL-760) for intraoperative detection of bile ducts and biliary leaks during hepatectomy in a preclinical swine model
CONCLUSIONS: BL-760 enables the rapid intraoperative visualization of small biliary structures and leaks, with the benefits of fast excretion, repeatable intravenous administration, and high-fluorescence TBR in the liver parenchyma. Potential applications include the identification of bile flow in the portal plate, biliary leak or duct injury, and postoperative monitoring of drain output. A thorough assessment of the intraoperative biliary anatomy could limit the need for postoperative drain placement, a possible contributor to severe complications and postoperative bile leak.PMID:37003294 | DOI:10.1002/lsm.23661
Source: Cancer Control - April 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michele S Saruwatari Kochai Jawed Khalid M Ali Bo Ning Sailee Naik So-Hyun Nam Martin J Schnermann Anthony Sandler Richard J Cha Source Type: research

Assessment of various forms of cellulose-based Luffa cylindrica (mat, flakes and powder) reinforced polydimethylsiloxane composites for oil sorption and organic solvents absorption
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Apr 13:124416. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124416. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOil spillage has damaged public health noticeably and contributed to significant environmental deterioration. As a result, a significant amount of effort has been spent on investigating and developing the sorbent materials capable of separating oil from water. Thus, the sorbent materials that could be effective particularly in oil spill disposal and resolve such environmental issue remain to be explored. We have proposed luffa cylindrica (LC)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite forms to remove the oil and organic c...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - April 15, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shravanya Gundu Ajay Kumar Sahi Pooja Kumari Niraj K Vishwakarma Sanjeev Kumar Mahto Source Type: research

Leaking Gut, Leaking Blood Vessels, Leaking Blood Brain Barrier
In today's open access paper, researchers attempt to throw a big tent over three distinct issues in the aging of the body and brain. Firstly, the intestinal barrier fails, allowing bacteria and bacterial metabolites into tissue and the circulation, where they can provoke dysfunction and inflammation. Secondly, blood vessels become leaky, harming surrounding tissues by allowing excessive fluid, inappropriate molecules and cells to escape. Lastly, the blood-brain barrier leaks; this is a more specialized barrier layer surrounding blood vessels in the brain, and when it leaks, the passage of unwanted cells and molecules into ...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 18, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs

Pumping through Porous Hydrophobic/Oleophilic Materials: An Alternative Technology for Oil Spill Remediation.
Abstract Recently, porous hydrophobic/oleophilic materials (PHOMs) have been shown to be the most promising candidates for cleaning up oil spills; however, due to their limited absorption capacity, a large quantity of PHOMs would be consumed in oil spill remediation, causing serious economic problems. In addition, the complicated and time-consuming process of oil recovery from these sorbents is also an obstacle to their practical application. To solve the above problems, we apply external pumping on PHOMs to realize the continuous collection of oil spills in situ from the water surface with high speed and efficien...
Source: Angewandte Chemie - March 3, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ge J, Ye YD, Yao HB, Zhu X, Wang X, Wu L, Wang JL, Ding H, Yong N, He LH, Yu SH Tags: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl Source Type: research

Effects of an oil spill in a harbor assessed using biomarkers of exposure in eelpout.
Abstract Oil spills occur commonly, and chemical compounds originating from oil spills are widespread in the aquatic environment. In order to monitor effects of a bunker oil spill on the aquatic environment, biomarker responses were measured in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) sampled along a gradient in Göteborg harbor where the oil spill occurred and at a reference site, 2 weeks after the oil spill. Eelpout were also exposed to the bunker oil in a laboratory study to validate field data. The results show that eelpout from the Göteborg harbor are influenced by contaminants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbo...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - May 13, 2014 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Sturve J, Balk L, Liewenborg B, Adolfsson-Erici M, Förlin L, Carney Almroth B Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Understanding Causes of Leaking Plant and Equipment on Construction Sites That Can Lead to Soil and Groundwater Contamination
Spills were inventoried and studied on a large construction site with more than 300 plant items, moving more than a million cubic meters of soil, over a one‐year period, to identify the common factors for the root causes of the majority of spills. Spills from loaders and excavators were most prevalent, which were involved in approximately 40 percent of all spill events. The majority of spills were small (30 percent) at 20 L in volume or less. The components on the plant and equipment releasing these fluids were hydraulic hoses, o‐rings (within the hydraulic systems), and hydraulic hose couplings (including failed crimp...
Source: Remediation Journal - December 15, 2014 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Turlough Guerin Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The effect of oil spills on the bacterial diversity and catabolic function in coastal sediments: a case study on the Prestige oil spill.
Abstract The accident of the Prestige oil tanker in 2002 contaminated approximately 900 km of the coastline along the northern Spanish shore, as well as parts of Portugal and France coast, with a mixture of heavy crude oil consisting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, asphaltenes and resins. The capacity of the autochthonous bacterial communities to respond to the oil spill was assessed indirectly by determining the hydrocarbon profiles of weathered oil samples collected along the shore, as well as through isotope ratios of seawater-dissolved CO2, and directly by analyses of denaturing gradient gel el...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - April 14, 2015 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Acosta-González A, Martirani-von Abercron SM, Rosselló-Móra R, Wittich RM, Marqués S Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Removal of crude oil from aqueous medium by sorption on hydrophobic corncobs: Equilibrium and kinetic studies
In this study, corncobs, which are an abundant, biodegradable agricultural waste, were treated with acetic anhydride to increase their hydrophobic properties and improve their sorption effectiveness in aqueous environments. The crude oil absorption behaviour has been discussed, and the employed kinetic models suggest that the sorption process occurs via a surface reaction and intraparticle diffusion mechanism. Equilibrium isotherm data were analysed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Based on the regression coefficients, the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data. The maximum monolayer s...
Source: Journal of Taibah University for Science - May 30, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: research

Are intertidal soft sediment assemblages affected by repeated oil spill events? A field-based experimental approach.
This study investigates the impact of repeated diesel spills on the structure of intertidal macrofaunal assemblages of a subtropical estuary. Three frequencies of exposure events were compared against two dosages of oil in a factorial experiment with asymmetrical controls. Hypotheses were tested to distinguish between (i) the overall effect of oil spills, (ii) the effect of diesel dosage via different exposure regimes, and (iii) the effect of time since last spill. Repeated oil spills dramatically altered the overall structure of assemblages and reduced the total density of macrofauna and densities of dominant taxa. Increa...
Source: Environmental Pollution - February 15, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Sandrini-Neto L, Martins CC, Lana PC Tags: Environ Pollut Source Type: research