A deep learning-based approach for rectus abdominis segmentation and distance measurement in ultrasonography
Conclusion: Deep learning model Res-UNet has good reliability in RA segmentation and distance measurement in ultrasound images, with great potential in the clinical diagnosis of DRA.PMID:37736487 | PMC:PMC10509763 | DOI:10.3389/fphys.2023.1246994
Source: Physiological Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Fei Wang Rongsong Mao Laifa Yan Shan Ling Zhenyu Cai Source Type: research

The role of LOXL2 induced by glucose metabolism-activated NF- κB in maintaining drug resistance through EMT and cancer stemness in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC
J Mol Med (Berl). 2023 Sep 22. doi: 10.1007/s00109-023-02369-6. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGemcitabine is considered a standard treatment for pancreatic cancer, but developing drug resistance greatly limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and increases the rate of recurrence. Lysyl oxide-like 2 (LOXL2) is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and is involved in carcinogenesis and EMT regulation. However, studies on the role of LOXL2 in drug resistance are limited. Here, we investigated the mechanism of LOXL2 induction and the effect of LOXL2 on EMT and CSC in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. Glucose metabolism...
Source: Molecular Medicine - September 22, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yun Sun Lee Hyung Sun Kim Hyo Jung Kim Hyeon Woong Kang Da Eun Lee Myeong Jin Kim Woosol Chris Hong Ju Hyun Kim Minsoo Kim Jae-Ho Cheong Joon Seong Park Source Type: research

Inhibition of STIM1 alleviates high glucose-induced proliferation and fibrosis by inducing autophagy in mesangial cells
In this study, we investigated the role of STIM1 in the proliferation and fibrosis in high glucose (HG)-induced HBZY-1 cells. We found that the expression of STIM1 was increased in renal tissues of diabetic rat and HBZY-1 cells stimulated by HG. Downregulation of STIM1-mediated SOCE suppressed hyperglycemic cell proliferation and fibrosis by activating autophagy. In addition, the inhibitory effect of downregulating STIM1 on cells was blocked by autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1). Moreover, this experiment also showed that STIM1 regulated autophagy, cell proliferation and fibrosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. T...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - September 22, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xixi Zeng Anbang Sun Weiyi Cheng Xin Hou Min Zhu Yanhong Liao Source Type: research

Utility of FRET in studies of membrane protein oligomerization: the concept of the effective dissociation constant
Biophys J. 2023 Sep 21:S0006-3495(23)00588-X. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe activity of many membrane receptors is controlled through their lateral association into dimers or higher order oligomers. While Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements have been used extensively to characterize the stability of receptor dimers, the utility of FRET in studies of larger oligomers has been limited. Here we introduce an effective equilibrium dissociation constant that can be extracted from FRET measurements for EphA2, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) known to form active oligomers of ...
Source: Biophysical Journal - September 22, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Daniel McKenzie Daniel Wirth Taras V Pogorelov Kalina Hristova Source Type: research

Fluorophore position of headgroup-labeled Gb < sub > 3 < /sub > glycosphingolipids in lipid bilayers
Biophys J. 2023 Sep 21:S0006-3495(23)00587-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFluorescent lipid probes are an invaluable tool for investigating lipid membranes. In particular, localizing particular receptor lipids such as glycosphingolipids within phase-separated membranes is of pivotal interest to understanding the influence of protein-receptor lipid binding on membrane organization. However, fluorescent labeling can readily alter the phase behavior of a lipid membrane because of the interaction of the fluorescent moiety with the membrane interface. Here, we investigated Gb3 glycosphingolipid...
Source: Biophysical Journal - September 22, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Larissa Socrier Akshita Sharma Tao Chen Kira Flato Katharina Kettelhoit J örg Enderlein Daniel B Werz Claudia Steinem Source Type: research

Attention-gated U-Net networks for simultaneous axial/sagittal planes segmentation of injured spinal cords
This study proposes a new CNN-based segmentation method in which information is exchanged between two networks analyzing the scans from different planes. Our aim was to develop a robust method for automatic segmentation of the spinal cord in patients having suffered traumatic injuries. The database consisted of 106 sagittal MRI scans from 94 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries. Our method used an innovative approach where the scans were analyzed in series under the axial and sagittal plane by two different convolutional networks. The results were compared with those of Deepseg 2D from the Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT)...
Source: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics - September 22, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Nicolas Masse-Gignac Salom ón Flórez-Jiménez Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong Luc Duong Source Type: research

Initial experience with an electron FLASH research extension (FLEX) for the Clinac system
CONCLUSION: Our studies characterized the non-clinical Clinac-FLEX system as a viable solution to conduct FLASH research that could substantially increase access to ultra-high-dose-rate capabilities for scientists.PMID:37735808 | DOI:10.1002/acm2.14159
Source: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics - September 22, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Kyuhak Oh Kyle J Gallagher Megan Hyun Diane Schott Sarah Wisnoskie Yu Lei Samuel Hendley Jeffrey Wong Shuo Wang Brendan Graff Christopher Jenkins Frank Rutar Md Ahmed Joshua McNeur Jeffrey Taylor Marty Schmidt Lasitha Senadheera Wendy Smith Donald Umstadt Source Type: research

Phytotoxicity of coal waste elutriates (Douro Coalfield, North Portugal) in Lactuca sativa
This study aims to assess the ecotoxicological effects of 25 soil elutriates from these different soil types in seed germination and individual (emergence, growth, and morphologic alterations) and subindividual parameters in Lactuca sativa. The different evaluated endpoints were differently affected regarding the soil elutriate revealing the high heterogeneity of soil characteristics. The presence of different potentially toxic elements (e.g., Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn) in soil elutriates, even in low concentrations, caused effects on L. sativa development. Unburned coal wastes and downhill soil elutriates were able to inhibit the ge...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - September 22, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: B árbara S Diogo Aracelis Narayan Catarina Mansilha Jorge Espinha Marques Deolinda Flores Sara C Antunes Source Type: research

Large-view x-ray imaging for medical applications using the world's only vertically polarized synchrotron radiation beam and a single asymmetric Si crystal
Phys Med Biol. 2023 Sep 22;68(19). doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf640.ABSTRACTObjective.X-ray microangiography provides detailed information on the internal structure and function of a biological subject. Its ability to evaluate the microvasculature of small animals is useful for acquiring basic and clinical medical knowledge. The following three conditions are necessary to attain detailed knowledge of biological functions: (1) high temporal resolution with sufficient x-ray intensity, (2) high spatial resolution, and (3) a wide field of view. Because synchrotron radiation microangiography systems provide high sapatial resolutio...
Source: Physics in Medicine and Biology - September 22, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Chika Kamezawa Kazuyuki Hyodo Chiho Tokunaga Toru Tsukada Shonosuke Matushita Source Type: research

Pulse parameter optimizer: an efficient tool for achieving prescribed dose and dose rate with electron FLASH platforms
Conclusion. A pulse parameter optimization application was built for a commercial electron FLASH platform to increase efficiency in dose, dose rate, and pulse parameter prescription process. Automating this process reduces safety concerns associated with manual look up and calculation of these parameters, especially when many subjects at different doses and dose rates are to be safely managed.PMID:37735967 | DOI:10.1088/1361-6560/acf63e
Source: Physics in Medicine and Biology - September 22, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: S Jain A Cetnar J Woollard N Gupta D Blakaj A Chakravarti A S Ayan Source Type: research

Modeling unveils sex differences of signaling networks in mouse embryonic stem cells
Mol Syst Biol. 2023 Sep 21:e11510. doi: 10.15252/msb.202211510. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFor a short period during early development of mammalian embryos, both X chromosomes in females are active, before dosage compensation is ensured through X-chromosome inactivation. In female mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), which carry two active X chromosomes, increased X-dosage affects cell signaling and impairs differentiation. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. To dissect X-dosage effects on the signaling network in mESCs, we combine systematic perturbation experiments with mathematical modeling. ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - September 22, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Zeba Sultana Mathurin Dorel Bertram Klinger Anja Sieber Ilona Dunkel Nils Bl üthgen Edda G Schulz Source Type: research

Time-resolved cryo-EM (TR-EM) analysis of substrate polyubiquitination by the RING E3 anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 21. doi: 10.1038/s41594-023-01105-5. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSubstrate polyubiquitination drives a myriad of cellular processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis and immune responses. Polyubiquitination is highly dynamic, and obtaining mechanistic insight has thus far required artificially trapped structures to stabilize specific steps along the enzymatic process. So far, how any ubiquitin ligase builds a proteasomal degradation signal, which is canonically regarded as four or more ubiquitins, remains unclear. Here we present time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy studies of the ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - September 22, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tatyana Bodrug Kaeli A Welsh Derek L Bolhuis Ethan Paul аkonis Raquel C Martinez-Chacin Bei Liu Nicholas Pinkin Thomas Bonacci Liying Cui Pengning Xu Olivia Roscow Sascha Josef Amann Irina Grishkovskaya Michael J Emanuele Joseph S Harrison Joshua P Steim Source Type: research

PARylated PDHE1 α generates acetyl-CoA for local chromatin acetylation and DNA damage repair
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 21. doi: 10.1038/s41594-023-01107-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChromatin relaxation is a prerequisite for the DNA repair machinery to access double-strand breaks (DSBs). Local histones around the DSBs then undergo prompt changes in acetylation status, but how the large demands of acetyl-CoA are met is unclear. Here, we report that pyruvate dehydrogenase 1α (PDHE1α) catalyzes pyruvate metabolism to rapidly provide acetyl-CoA in response to DNA damage. We show that PDHE1α is quickly recruited to chromatin in a polyADP-ribosylation-dependent manner, which drives acetyl-CoA generation to su...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - September 22, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jun Zhang Feng Chen Yuan Tian Wenchao Xu Qian Zhu Zhenhai Li Lingyu Qiu Xiaopeng Lu Bin Peng Xiangyu Liu Haiyun Gan Baohua Liu Xingzhi Xu Wei-Guo Zhu Source Type: research

Italian status update on physical activity levels, sports, and sedentariness: how should we turn the tide?
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2023 Sep 22. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.23.15136-X. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:37736665 | DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.23.15136-X
Source: Health Physics - September 22, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Antonio LA Torre Luca Filipas Roberto Codella Source Type: research

Optimal transport guided unsupervised learning for enhancing low-quality retinal images
Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging. 2023 Apr;2023. doi: 10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230719. Epub 2023 Sep 1.ABSTRACTReal-world non-mydriatic retinal fundus photography is prone to artifacts, imperfections, and low-quality when certain ocular or systemic co-morbidities exist. Artifacts may result in inaccuracy or ambiguity in clinical diagnoses. In this paper, we proposed a simple but effective end-to-end framework for enhancing poor-quality retinal fundus images. Leveraging the optimal transport theory, we proposed an unpaired image-to-image translation scheme for transporting low-quality images to their high-quality counterpa...
Source: Proceedings - International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - September 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Wenhui Zhu Peijie Qiu Mohammad Farazi Keshav Nandakumar Oana M Dumitrascu Yalin Wang Source Type: research

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