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Do educational interventions improve prescribing skills of medical students compared to no additional learning? A systematic review
Med Educ Online. 2023 Dec;28(1):2259166. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2259166. Epub 2023 Sep 18.ABSTRACTResearch suggests that medical students are not confident and may be ill-prepared to prescribe competently. Therefore, changes to standard education may be required to fortify medical student prescribing skills, confidence, and competence. However, specific education to write a safe and legal prescription is generally lacking. Furthermore, the term prescribe and the skill thereof is not clearly defined. This review compares additional education for medical students to no identified additional education or another education...
Source: Medical Education Online - September 18, 2023 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Sophie M Mokrzecki Andrew Mallett Tarun Sen Gupta Stephen Perks Tilley Pain Source Type: research
Application of Multiple Omics to Understand Postoperative Delirium Pathophysiology in Humans
Gerontology. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1159/000533789. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDelirium, an acute change in cognition, is common, morbid, and costly, particularly among hospitalized older adults. Despite growing knowledge of its epidemiology, far less is known about delirium pathophysiology. Initial work understanding delirium pathogenesis has focused on assaying single or a limited subset of molecules or genetic loci. Recent technological advances at the forefront of biomarker and drug target discovery have facilitated application of multiple "omics" approaches aimed to provide a more complete understanding of complex di...
Source: Genomics Proteomics ... - September 18, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Sarinnapha M Vasunilashorn Simon T Dillon Edward R Marcantonio Towia A Libermann Source Type: research
Power-law spectrum-based objective function to train a generative adversarial network with transfer learning for the synthetic breast CT image
Phys Med Biol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/acfadf. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a new objective function to improve the quality of synthesized breast CT images generated by the GAN and compares the GAN performances for transfer learning datasets from different image domains.
Approach: The proposed objective function, named beta loss function, is based on the fact that X-ray-based breast images follows the power-law spectrum. Accordingly, the exponent of the power-law spectrum (beta value) for breast CT images is approximately two. The beta loss function is defined in terms of L1distance...
Source: Physics in Medicine and Biology - September 18, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Gihun Kim Jongduk Baek Source Type: research
Melatonin attenuates chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and HDAC3-Bmal1/clock interruption
CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that melatonin treatment attenuates CRSD-induced cognitive impairment via regulating HDAC3-Bmal1/Clock interaction. These findings explore a broader understanding of the relationship between sleep and cognition and provide a potential new therapeutic target for cognitive impairment.PMID:37721401 | DOI:10.1111/cns.14474
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 18, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yujie Hu Yefan Lv Xiaoyan Long Guoshuai Yang Jinxia Zhou Source Type: research
An integrated data- and theory-driven crash severity model
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Sep 16;193:107282. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107282. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFor crash severity modeling, researchers typically view theory-driven models and data-driven models as different or even conflicting approaches. The reason is that the machine-learning models offer good predictability but weak interpretability, while the latter has robust interpretability but moderate predictability. In order to alleviate the tension between them, this study proposes an integrated data- and theory-driven crash-severity model, known as Embedded Fusion model based on Text Vector Representations (TVR-EF), by...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - September 18, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Dongjie Liu Dawei Li N N Sze Hongliang Ding Yuchen Song Source Type: research
Developing spinal manipulation psychomotor skills competency: A systematic review of teaching methods
CONCLUSION: The use of augmented feedback devices such as human analogue mannequins with force-sensing table technology and computer-connected devices is potentially beneficial in the chiropractic curricula and may facilitate student learning and improvement of spinal manipulation. More studies are required to determine whether psychomotor skill aids translate directly into raised competency levels in novice clinicians.PMID:37721391 | DOI:10.7899/JCE-22-10
Source: The Journal of Chiropractic Education - September 18, 2023 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Eleanor de Kock Christopher Yelverton Cornelius Myburgh Source Type: research
The effectiveness of self: A meta-analysis of using self-referential encoding techniques in education
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that incorporating self-referential encoding techniques on negative materials shows an aversive effect. Overall, there is a universal benefit to using self-referential encoding techniques as an appropriate design guideline in educational contexts. Implications for teaching practice and future directions are discussed. Further studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness in more diverse educational and teaching situations.PMID:37722845 | DOI:10.1111/bjep.12636
Source: The British Journal of Educational Psychology - September 18, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zheng Liu Jiahui Wen Yikang Liu Chuan-Peng Hu Source Type: research
Peritoneal Dialysis Patient Training Program to Enhance independence and Prevent Complications: A Scoping Review
CONCLUSION: There are a variety of strategies for dialysis training concerning duration, session length, patient-to-trainer ratio, timing, methods, location, compliance, and the need for retraining. More evidence is needed to assess the impact of PD patient training programs on self-care capabilities and peritonitis incidence. Future studies should investigate the effects of training programs on compliance, self-efficacy, and patient and nurse perspectives.PMID:37720493 | PMC:PMC10505035 | DOI:10.2147/IJNRD.S414447
Source: International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease - September 18, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Toni Rahmat Jaelani Kusman Ibrahim Jonny Jonny Sri Hartati Pratiwi Hartiah Haroen Nursiswati Nursiswati Bunga Pinandhita Ramadhani Source Type: research
What do adults who experienced child sexual abuse want to convey about therapy?
CONCLUSIONS: The testimonies not only addressed essential aspects of therapy, but also highlighted the importance of thoroughly comprehending the broad context of a person's life that leads them to seek therapy. The discussion points to grave social and policy lacunas that prevent people who experienced CSA from receiving therapy that is accessible, timely, subsidized, stigma-free and multifaceted.PMID:37722294 | DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106435
Source: Child Abuse and Neglect - September 18, 2023 Category: Child Development Authors: Talia Glucklich Afnan Attrash-Najjar Nadia Massarweh Carmit Katz Source Type: research
Dynamic Motion and Human Agents Facilitate Visual Nonadjacent Dependency Learning
Cogn Sci. 2023 Sep;47(9):e13344. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13344.ABSTRACTMany events that humans and other species experience contain regularities in which certain elements within an event predict certain others. While some of these regularities involve tracking the co-occurrences between temporally adjacent stimuli, others involve tracking the co-occurrences between temporally distant stimuli (i.e., nonadjacent dependencies, NADs). Prior research shows robust learning of adjacent dependencies in humans and other species, whereas learning NADs is more difficult, and often requires support from properties of the stimulus to help le...
Source: Cognitive Science - September 18, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Helen Shiyang Lu Toben H Mintz Source Type: research
Machine-learning based integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the SLC38A5-CCL5 signaling as a promising target for clear cell renal cell carcinoma treatment
In conclusion, our communication signature and its derived model enabled a more precise selection of ccRCC patients who were potential beneficiaries of ICIs. Besides, the SLC38A5-CCL5 axis may serve as a promising target for ccRCC treatment.PMID:37722291 | DOI:10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101790
Source: Translational Oncology - September 18, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hualin Chen Wenjie Yang Lin Ma Yingjie Li Zhigang Ji Source Type: research
Two Computational Approaches to Visual Analogy: Task-Specific Models Versus Domain-General Mapping
Cogn Sci. 2023 Sep;47(9):e13347. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13347.ABSTRACTAdvances in artificial intelligence have raised a basic question about human intelligence: Is human reasoning best emulated by applying task-specific knowledge acquired from a wealth of prior experience, or is it based on the domain-general manipulation and comparison of mental representations? We address this question for the case of visual analogical reasoning. Using realistic images of familiar three-dimensional objects (cars and their parts), we systematically manipulated viewpoints, part relations, and entity properties in visual analogy problems. We com...
Source: Cognitive Science - September 18, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nicholas Ichien Qing Liu Shuhao Fu Keith J Holyoak Alan L Yuille Hongjing Lu Source Type: research
Machine learning developed a programmed cell death signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy benefits in lung adenocarcinoma
CONCLUSION: Our study developed a novel CDS for LUAD. The CDS served as an indicator for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy benefits of LAUD patients.PMID:37722290 | DOI:10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101784
Source: Translational Oncology - September 18, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dongxiao Ding Liangbin Wang Yunqiang Zhang Ke Shi Yaxing Shen Source Type: research
Modelling enzyme inhibition toxicity of ionic liquid from molecular structure via convolutional neural network model
SAR QSAR Environ Res. 2023 Sep 18:1-15. doi: 10.1080/1062936X.2023.2255517. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDeep learning (DL) methods further promote the development of quantitative structure-activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) models by dealing with complex relationships between data. An acetylcholinesterase inhibitory toxicity model of ionic liquids (ILs) was established using a convolution neural network (CNN) combined with support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). A CNN model was proposed for feature self-learning and extraction of ILs. By comparing with the model results t...
Source: SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research - September 18, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: R Zhang Y Chen D Fan T Liu Z Ma Y Dai Y Wang Z Zhu Source Type: research
Mark his motives: A motivational attribution perspective on observer responses to peer helping behaviors
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that prosocial motivational attributions and impression management motivational attributions are key factors in determining whether observers have approach- or avoidance-oriented emotions and behaviors toward coworker helping. Accordingly, individual employees and managers should focus on employees' motivation to help others in order to promote mutual support and harmony in the workplace.PMID:37718830 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-220647
Source: Work - September 18, 2023 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Di Zhu Xiaoming Tian Rui Li Source Type: research
