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Avian influenza H7N7 virus outbreak: Lessons for H7N9
An outbreak of high-pathogenicity avian influenza H7N7 virus that took place on 255 poultry farms in the Netherlands during 2003 has been used to provide clues about the current avian influenza H7N9 viruses in China. During the Dutch outbreak 453 humans showed symptoms of illness and 89 were confirmed to have infection with the virus. Some interesting observations from that outbreak:
Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the eyelids) was observed in many of the human cases, as well as in later human infections with H7 influenza viruses. Apparently these viruses replicate well in the eye, which bea...
Source: virology blog - April 19, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Information avian influenza China H7N7 pandemic Shanghai viral virology H7N9 virus Source Type: blogs
The neuraminidase of influenza virus
This article is part of Influenza 101, a series of posts about influenza virus biology and pathogenesis.
Source: virology blog - November 5, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Information glycoprotein influenza neuraminidase relenza sialic acid spread tamiflu viral virus Source Type: blogs
Kinsa Smartphone Thermometer Aims to Reduce Flu
Kinsa smartphone thermometer aims to track and reduce the flu, according to developer Inder Singh. The small plastic thermometer fits into the standard cellphone charging port and takes a digital temperature and then provides crowd-sourced, real time epidemiology information based on input from other users in your area.
The post Kinsa Smartphone Thermometer Aims to Reduce Flu appeared first on InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog.
Source: Inside Surgery - March 7, 2014 Category: Surgeons Authors: Editor Tags: Infectious Disease digital thermometer flu inder singh kinsa Source Type: blogs
A WORD on the constraints of influenza virus evolution
Evolution proceeds by selection of mutants that arise by error-prone duplication of nucleic acid genomes. It is believed that mutations that are selected in a gene are dependent on those that have preceded them, an effect known as epistasis. Analysis of a sequence of changes in the influenza virus nucleoprotein provides clear evidence that stability explains the epistasis observed during evolution of a protein.
Evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith used an analogy with a word game to explain how epistasis constrains the evolution of a protein. In this game, single letter changes are made to a four letter word to conve...
Source: virology blog - May 23, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Information epistasis evolution influenza virus John Maynard Smith nucleoprotein protein stability selection viral Source Type: blogs
The risks and benefits of influenza H5N1 research
Both Nature and the New York Times have weighed in on the resumption of influenza H5N1 research. In an editorial from 23 January 2013, Nature opines that “Experiments that make deadly pathogens more dangerous demand the utmost scrutiny”:
As several critics point out, the assessments of the relative risks and benefits of such research remain restricted to largely qualitative arguments. The formal, quantitative risk assessment common in the nuclear power and other industries could have helped to nail down and quantify risks, and would have informed the debate better. One year on, an irreproachable, independent ri...
Source: virology blog - January 29, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Commentary aerosol transmission avian influenza H5N1 bioterrorism ferret fouchier kawaoka risk benefit analysis viral virus Source Type: blogs
TWiV 560: CEIRS, influenza and company
From the meeting of the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Vincent speaks with Alan, Florian and Jennifer about their careers, the purpose of CEIRS, universal influenza vaccines, and cellular responses to infection in pediatric populations. Click arrow to play Download TWiV 560 (37 MB .mp3, 61 min) Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Show notes […]
Source: virology blog - August 11, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: This Week in Virology CD4 T lymphocytes CEIRS HA stalk influenza influenza virus niaid pediatric influenza universal influenza vaccine viral viruses Source Type: blogs
Wuhan spiny eel influenza virus
Influenza B viruses, unlike influenza A viruses, do not cause pandemics. There are many non-human animal reservoirs of influenza A viruses which provide gene segments that go towards making reassortant viruses that can infect humans. Influenza B viruses do not appear to have an animal reservoir other than humans – they have been isolated from […]
Source: virology blog - October 29, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology HA influenza B virus influenza virus pandemic viral viruses Wuhan spiny eel virus Source Type: blogs
Human infections with avian influenza H7N9 virus from wet market poultry
Results of a study of four patients in Zhejiang, China, who developed influenza H7N9 virus infection suggests sporadic poultry-to-human transmission:
We diagnosed avian influenza A H7N9 in all four patients (who were epidemiologically unlinked), two of whom died and two of whom were recovering at the time of writing. All patients had histories of occupational or wet market exposure to poultry. The genes of the H7N9 virus in patient 3′s isolate were phylogenetically clustered with those of the epidemiologically linked wet market chicken H7N9 isolate. These findings suggest sporadic poultry-to-person transmission.
The...
Source: virology blog - April 26, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Information avian influenza H7N9 China pandemic poultry transmission viral virus Zhejiang Source Type: blogs
Fouchier vs the Dutch government on influenza H5N1 research
From Martin Enserink at ScienceInsider:
Virologist Ron Fouchier has suffered a loss in a legal battle with the Dutch government over the publication of his controversial H5N1 influenza research. On Friday, a Dutch district court ruled that the government was right to ask Fouchier to obtain an export license before sending two hotly debated papers out for publication.
Readers of this blog will remember the furor sparked by Fouchier’s experiments in 2011 in which he developed an avian influenza H5N1 isolate that could transmit among ferrets by aerosol. When Fouchier was ready to publish the results, the Dutch governmen...
Source: virology blog - September 27, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Commentary Information aerosol avian influenza H5N1 biological weapon Erasmus MC export license ferret fouchier transmission viral virus Source Type: blogs
Incidence of asymptomatic human influenza A(H5N1) virus infection
When virologists Fouchier and Kawaoka were isolating avian influenza H5N1 viruses that could transmit among ferrets by aerosol, there was consternation from some quarters that such viruses might escape from the laboratory and cause a pandemic in humans. Part of the fear came from the fact that the case fatality ratio for human infections with the H5N1 virus exceeds 50%. This number could be substantially higher than the lethality ratio, which is the number of symptomatic cases divided by the total number of infections. Divining the latter number has been difficult. Results of a meta-analysis published in 2012 suggest that...
Source: virology blog - October 1, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Information asymptomatic avian Bangladesh case fatality ratio fouchier influenza A(H5N1) kawaoka mortality ratio viral virus Source Type: blogs
Fouchier vs the Dutch government on influenza H5N1 research
From Martin Enserink at ScienceInsider:
Virologist Ron Fouchier has suffered a loss in a legal battle with the Dutch government over the publication of his controversial H5N1 influenza research. On Friday, a Dutch district court ruled that the government was right to ask Fouchier to obtain an export license before sending two hotly debated papers out for publication.
Readers of this blog will remember the furor sparked by Fouchier’s experiments in 2011 in which he developed an avian influenza H5N1 isolate that could transmit among ferrets by aerosol. When Fouchier was ready to publish the results, the Dutch governmen...
Source: virology blog - September 27, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Commentary Information aerosol avian influenza H5N1 biological weapon Erasmus MC export license ferret fouchier transmission viral virus Source Type: blogs
First imported human infection with avian influenza H7N9
From the Centers for Disease Control in Taiwan:
In the late afternoon of April 24, 2013, the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC) confirmed the first imported case of H7N9 avian influenza in a 53-year-old male Taiwanese citizen who worked in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China prior to illness onset. He developed his illness three days after returning to Taiwan. Infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) was confirmed on April 24, 2013. The patient is currently in a severe condition and being treated in a negative-pressure isolation room.
It’s not clear how the patient acquired the infection in China; he had no contact wi...
Source: virology blog - April 24, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Events Information avian influenza H7N9 China imported infection Jiangsu Province pandemic Suzhou Taiwan viral virology virus Source Type: blogs
Flu Vaccine May Benefit Heart Failure Patients
–Studies find fewer hospitalizations and less dementia after vaccination Two new observational studies offer new evidence that heart failure patients may benefit from the flu vaccine. The studies were presented in Florence, Italy, at the Heart Failure 2016 and the 3rd World Congress on Acute Heart Failure. In the first study Kazem Rahimi (University of...Click here to continue reading...
Source: CardioBrief - May 24, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Larry Husten Tags: Heart Failure Prevention, Epidemiology & Outcomes dementia flu vaccine Source Type: blogs
Influenza vaccine is safe for those with egg allergies
With the influenza season approaching in the northern hemisphere, vaccination is a means of preventing infection. If you have egg allergies, you no longer have to worry about receiving influenza vaccine. Because most influenza vaccines are grown in embryonated chicken eggs, and may contain residual egg protein, their use in individuals with egg allergy has […]
Source: virology blog - October 10, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Racaniello Tags: Basic virology Information egg allergy influenza vaccine viral virus viruses Source Type: blogs
